scholarly journals Technical and Economic Assessment of VSC-HVDC Transmission Model: A Case Study of South-Western Region in Pakistan

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehr Gul ◽  
Nengling Tai ◽  
Wentao Huang ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Hvdc Transmission

The southwestern part of Pakistan is still not connected to the national grid, despite its abundance in renewable energy resources. However, this area becomes more important for energy projects due to the development of the deep-sea Gwadar port and the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). In this paper, a voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission model is proposed to link this area to the national gird. A two-terminal VSC-HVDC model is used as a case study, in which a two-level converter with standard double-loop control is employed. The proposed model has a capacity of transferring bulk power of 3500 MW at 350 kV from Gwadar to Matiari. Furthermore, the discounted cash flow analysis of VSC-HVDC against the HVAC system shows that the proposed system is economically sustainable. The outcomes of this study reveal that the implementation of this project can bring economic stability and energy security in the southwestern region.

scholarly journals A Selective Fault Clearing Scheme for a Hybrid VSC-LCC Multi-Terminal HVdc System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Naushath M. Haleem ◽  
Athula D. Rajapakse ◽  
Aniruddha M. Gole ◽  
Ioni T. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Clearing Functions ◽  
Transmission Structure ◽  
The Impact

A selective fault clearing scheme is proposed for a hybrid voltage source converter (VSC)-line commutated converter (LCC) multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission structure in which two small capacity VSC stations tap into the main transmission line of a high capacity LCC-HVdc link. The use of dc circuit breakers (dc CBs) on the branches connecting to VSCs at the tapping points is explored to minimize the impact of tapping on the reliability of the main LCC link. This arrangement allows clearing of temporary faults on the main LCC line as usual by force retardation of the LCC rectifier. The faults on the branches connecting to VSC stations can be cleared by blocking insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and opening ac circuit breakers (ac CB), without affecting the main line’s performance. A local voltage and current measurement based fault discrimination scheme is developed to identify the faulted sections and pole(s), and trigger appropriate fault recovery functions. This fault discrimination scheme is capable of detecting and discriminating short circuits and high resistances faults in any branch well before 2 ms. For the test grid considered, 6 kA, 2 ms dc CBs can easily facilitate the intended fault clearing functions and maintain the power transfer through healthy pole during single-pole faults.

Methodologies and Techniques for Determining the Value of an Aircraft

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812095841
Author(s):  
Bijan Vasigh ◽  
Farshid Azadian ◽  
Kamran Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Operating Revenue

Aircraft valuation and the estimation of an accurate aircraft price is undoubtedly a challenging task that has significant consequences for airlines. This paper presents an asset valuation model to show how a series of endogenous as well as exogenous factors can influence the value of an aircraft. Specifically, a discounted cash flow methodology is used to forecast the valuation of an old or new generation aircraft. Both total operating revenue and aircraft operating costs are taken into account to devise a reliable pre-tax profit measurement that is used as the basis of the discounted cash flow analysis. A sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to identify which factors have a more significant influence on the suggested aircraft value. Therefore, it addresses how value fluctuates in response to economic fluctuations. Indeed, the calculated value of an aircraft highly depends on the underlying assumptions used. The calculated value is compared with available data in a case study for verification.

A new voltage source converter-HVDC transmission system based on an inductive filtering method

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
Z.W. Zhang ◽  
C. Rehtanz ◽  
L.F. Luo ◽  
S. Rüberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Hvdc Transmission

Modeling and Fault Analysis of VSC-HVDC Supplying Passive Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Tian Liang Zhao ◽  
Shi Wu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Fault Simulation ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Passive Network

VSC-HVDC (high voltage direct current based on voltage source converter) is a new HVDC transmission technology based on voltage source converter. Its converter uses thyristors with the current off capability such as IGBT or GTO. VSC-HVDC system can realize passive inverting by pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. This paper introduced the structure and the operating principle of the VSC-HVDC transmission system. In addition, we studied the mathematical model of the VSC-HVDC transmission system supplying passive network in ABC stable coordinate system and in DQ rotating coordinate system. Lastly, we built the physical model of the VSC-HVDC transmission system based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. We carried on various types of fault simulation and analyzed the simulation result. The result of the paper may provide reference in the further study and application of the VSC-HVDC transmission technology in the future.

scholarly journals Research on Operating Characteristics of Two-Terminal Flexible Direct Transmission with Improved Deadbeat Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Mei Jianchun ◽  
Qian Junxia ◽  
Zhao Shengjie ◽  
Ma Hongjuan ◽  
Song Pengcheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Deadbeat Control ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Loop Control

Traditional DC transmission technology has obvious defects in power adjustment speed, loss reduction, protection and control, etc., and it has been unable to meet the diverse needs of electricity consumption. The flexible DC transmission system not only solves the above shortcomings, but also has the advantages of independently controllable power and power supply to passive network. It is widely applied in distributed power generation by new energy, micro grid and other fields. This paper takes the two-terminal flexible DC transmission system as the research object, establishes the mathematical mode of two-terminal flexible DC transmission system, and studies the basic operation mode of the system and the voltage source converter (VSC) control strategy on this basis. Considering the problems of control delay and poor responsiveness of current closed-loop control when the traditional deadbeat control is applied to VSC converters, an improved deadbeat control strategy is proposed to solve the above-mentioned defects by predicting the current sampling at k+2 moment. Finally, the co-simulation is used to verify the correctness and reliability of the above-mentioned method.

scholarly journals A Comparative Feasibility Study of Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected PV System for Residential Load: A Case Study in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 00008
Author(s):  
Navid Hadifar ◽  
Amirreza Ayanlou
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Micro Grids

With rising the environmental issues regarding the fossil fuels, the renewable energy resources (RES) could be as interesting scheme in supply side for micro grids. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) system in Iran both in grid-connected and island mode. The case study is a residential house in the city of Amol. The software of HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) is used for analyzing the data for finding the optimal design among the various solutions which takes in to account electrical and economic assessment factors. In the section of grid-connection mode, two different simulation methods namely HOMER optimizer mode and optimal sizing design mode is used to better understand the grid participation with PV in supplying the power for load demand. Finally, the optimal and affordable design for selected region is grid-connected PV system which alleviate the energy need from grid.

Assessment of irrigation dam using real options and discounted cash flow approaches: a case study in Greece

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Michailidis ◽  
Konstadinos Mattas ◽  
Diamantis Karamouzis
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Discount Cash Flow ◽  
Real Options Approach

This article extends the evaluation techniques of an irrigation dam in northern Greece, called “Petrenia”, by comparing the real options approach along with, a traditional one, the discount cash flow. By introducing first a Monte Carlo simulation, the various uncertainty factors can be simulated and alternative value options can be computed, feeding them later in the real options model. Results from the case study in Greece clearly demonstrate that the irrigation dam can be classified as a profitable investment, by applying traditional discount cash flow analysis, while by applying the real options approach the project cannot be classified as profitable. Taking into consideration the uncertainty factors, the real options approach reveals that the investment could be postponed and decision makers can keep the option of investing open. Sequentially, discount cash flow analysis accompanied by the real options approach facilitates decision making and improves the investment assessment analysis. In this particular project assessment, two uncertainty factors, variation in dam capacity and water price, restrict the profitability of the irrigation dam, according to the results of the real options approach.

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