scholarly journals A Low-Cost, High-Precision Method for Ripple Voltage Measurement Using a DAC and Comparators

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Jincheng Liu ◽  
Jiguang Yue ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Chenhao Wu ◽  
Feng Lyu
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Switched Mode Power Supply ◽  
Dc Component ◽  
Microcontroller Unit

As the core of electronic system, the switched-mode power supply (SMPS) will lead to serious accidents and catastrophes if it suddenly fails. According to the related research, the monitoring of ripple can acquire the health degree of SMPS indirectly. To realize low-cost, high-precision, and automatic ripple measurement, this paper proposes a new ripple voltage (peak-to-peak value) measuring scheme, utilizing a DAC and two high-speed comparators. Within this scheme, the DC component of SMPS output is blocked by a high-pass filter (HPF). Then, the filtered signal and the reference voltage from a DAC together compose the input of a high-speed comparator. Finally, output pulses of the comparator are captured by a microcontroller unit (MCU), which readjusts the output of the DAC by calculation, and this process is repeated until the DAC output is exactly equal to the peak (or valley) value of ripple. Moreover, in order to accelerate the measurement process, a peak estimation method is specially designed to calculate the output ripple peak (or valley) value of buck topology through merely two measurements. Then the binary search method is utilized to obtain a more exact value on the basis of estimative results. Additionally, an analysis of the measurement error of this ripple measurement system is executed, which shows that the theoretical error is less than 0.5% where the ripple value is larger than 500 mV. Furthermore, appropriate components are selected, and a prototype is manufactured to verify the validity of the proposed theory.

Reliability Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Cherry Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Integrated Technique ◽  
Insight Into

As the integration of components are increasing from VLSI to ULSI level. This may lead to damage of electronic system because each component has its own operating characteristics and conditions. So, health prognostic techniques are used that comprise a deep insight into failure cause and effects of all the components individually as well as an integrated technique. It will raise alarm, in case health condition, of the components drift from the desired outcomes. From toy to satellite and sand to silicon, the major key constraint of designing and manufacturing industry are towards enhanced operating performance at less operating time. As the technology advances towards high-speed and low-cost gadgets, reliability becomes a challenging issue.

The Influence Analysis of Globular Indexing Cam Mechanism Size Parameters on Transmission Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Gong Chang ◽  
S.M. Li ◽  
Cong Feng An
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Cam Mechanism ◽  
Indexing Mechanism ◽  
Movement Parameters

The globular indexing cam mechanism is a kind of high-speed and high-precision indexing mechanism, widely used in the field of mechanical transmission, which has the character of smooth transmission, high-precision indexing, large transfer torque, wider choice of dynamic and static ratio, simple structure and low cost, etc. In this paper, the working principle and the main movement parameters of globular indexing cam mechanism are analyzed, and the dynamics simulation of this mechanism is done by using ADAMS dynamic simulation software to analyze the influence of size parameters on the transmission performance, which provides reliable theoretical basis for understanding the property and designing the parameter of globular indexing mechanism.

Research on vehicle attitude and heading reference system based on multi-sensor information fusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (13) ◽  
pp. 3056-3067
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Fan ◽  
Zengcai Wang ◽  
Mingxing Lin ◽  
Susu Fang ◽  
Xiangpeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Gravity Sensor

To improve the accuracy of attitude and heading reference systems for moving vehicles, an effective orientation estimation method is proposed. The method uses an odometer, a low-cost magnetic, angular rate, and gravity sensor. This study addresses the problems of non-orthogonal error, carrier magnetic field interference and calibration to obtain accurate, long-term, stable magnetic field strength. A neural network fusion 12-parameter ellipse fitting method is proposed to eliminate the soft magnetic field and hard magnetic field interference. The interference to the accelerometer from linear acceleration is eliminated by using an odometer and a gyroscope, and the high-frequency noise from the accelerometer is eliminated by using a low-pass filter. An improved method to evaluate vehicle attitude is proposed and utilized to compensate for filtered accelerometer measurement when the vehicle is moving at a uniform, accelerate and steering state. The proposed method uses an effective adaptive Kalman filter based on the error state model to reduce dynamic perturbations. Filter gain is adaptively tuned under different moving modes by adjusting the noise matrix. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by experiments and simulations in multiple operating conditions.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Autonomous System for Measurement of Sunshine Duration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4606
Author(s):  
Álvaro B. da Rocha ◽  
Eisenhawer de M. Fernandes ◽  
Carlos A. C. dos Santos ◽  
Júlio M. T. Diniz ◽  
Wanderley F. A. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Operational Amplifiers ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Contrast Method ◽  
Microcontroller Unit ◽  
Development And Validation

This paper presented an autonomous electronic system for sunshine duration (SD) monitoring based on the contrast method and developed to operate on a horizontal surface. The prototype uses four photoresistors arranged at 90° in a 20 mm diameter circumference separated by a shading structure used to create a shadow pattern on the detection element. Photoresistors are inserted in individual signal conditioning circuits based on the association between Wheatstone bridges and operational amplifiers to provide an analog signal to the microcontroller unit. The determination of SD occurs through the implementation of fuzzy logic with numerical calculation methods to estimate the probability (f) of solar disk obstruction and estimate SD values. The system does not require additional adjustments after installation or use of energy sources for operation due to the use of an internal battery with charge recovery by solar panels. Experimental results of the proposed system were validated with the ones provided by a government meteorology station. Statistical analysis of the results showed a confidence index (c) greater than 90%, with a precision of 94.26%. The proposed system is a feasible low-cost solution to the available commercial systems for the measurement of sunshine duration.

scholarly journals High-Precision Low-Cost Gimballing Platform for Long-Range Railway Obstacle Detection

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Elio Hajj Assaf ◽  
Cornelius von von Einem ◽  
Cesar Cadena ◽  
Roland Siegwart ◽  
Florian Tschopp
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
High Precision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Novel Approach

Increasing demand for rail transportation results transportation by rail, resulting in denser and more high-speed usage of the existing railway network, making makes new and more advanced vehicle safety systems necessary. Furthermore, high traveling speeds and the greatlarge weights of trains lead to long braking distances—all of which necessitates Long braking distances, due to high travelling speeds and the massive weight of trains, necessitate a Long-Range Obstacle Detection (LROD) system, capable of detecting humans and other objects more than 1000 m in advance. According to current research, only a few sensor modalities are capable of reaching this far and recording sufficiently accurate enoughdata to distinguish individual objects. The limitation of these sensors, such as a 1D-Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is however a very narrow Field of View (FoV), making it necessary to use ahigh-precision means of orienting to target them at possible areas of interest. To close this research gap, this paper presents a novel approach to detecting railway obstacles by developinga high-precision pointing mechanism, for the use in a future novel railway obstacle detection system In this work such a high-precision pointing mechanism is developed, capable of targeting aiming a 1D-LiDAR at humans or objects at the required distance. This approach addresses To address the challenges of a low target pricelimited budget, restricted access to high-precision machinery and equipment as well as unique requirements of our target application., a novel pointing mechanism has been designed and developed. By combining established elements from 3D printers and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines with a double-hinged lever system, simple and cheaplow-cost components are capable of precisely orienting an arbitrary sensor platform. The system’s actual pointing accuracy has been evaluated using a controlled, in-door, long-range experiment. The device was able to demonstrate a precision of 6.179 mdeg, which is at the limit of the measurable precision of the designed experiment.

Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction Motor

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Hussain Attia ◽  
Ali Sagafinia
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Electronic Design

This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control. Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM PWM drive.

Research and Implementation of a Kind of Embedded System for Physical Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 606-610
Author(s):  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Gang Hong Zhang ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Wan Lin Gao ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Software And Hardware

This paper describes a physical training device based on SST89C51 MCU and used to solve the current problems in the physical training. It also presents details on how to select materials about the device and how to design the software and hardware. The results show that this system has many advantages, such as high speed, high precision, low cost and stability So it will have good market prospects.

scholarly journals Nonparametric Regression-based Step-length Estimation for Arm-swing Walking using a Smartphone

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Phuc Huu Truong ◽  
Nhan Duc Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc-Huynh Ho ◽  
Gu-Min Jeong
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Walking Speeds

In this paper, we propose an adaptive step-estimation method to estimate the distance traveled for arm-swinging activities at three level-walking speeds, i.e., low, normal, and high speed. The proposed method is constructed based on a polynomial function of the pedestrian speed and variance of walking acceleration. We firstly apply a low-pass filter with 10 Hz cut-off frequency for acceleration data. Then, we analyze the acceleration data to find the number of steps in each sample. Finally, the traveled distance is calculated by summing all step lengths which are estimated by the proposed method during walking. Applying the proposed method, we can estimate the walking distance with an accuracy rate of 95.35% in a normal walking speed. The accuracy rates of low and high walking speeds are 94.63% and 94.97%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of accuracy and standard deviation at low, normal, and high speeds.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Voltage Zero-Crossing Detector for AC-Grid Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Vorobyov ◽  
Kristaps Vitols
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Power Electronics Converters

Abstract Renewable energy sources and energy storage devices are becoming more popular. Some of them like small hydropower turbines, wind turbines and diesel generators produce AC voltage with different frequency and voltage than the main grid. For them power electronics converters are necessary. Power electronics converters presented in industry use two or three level energy conversion, although direct AC to AC converters exist, but one of the main problems is the switch commutation when current or voltage is crossing the zero point. Zero crossing sensors are used to solve this problem. They consist of current or voltage measurement unit and zero crossing detector. Different approaches are used for zero crossing: hardware or software. Hardware approach is simple but it has low precision. Software approach has high precision but it is complicated and expensive. In this paper a simple low cost high precision approach is presented. It takes all advantages from both approaches. While tested with two types of microcontrollers the precision of experimental measurement is 25 μs - 40 μs.

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