scholarly journals Open and Flexible Li-ion Battery Tester Based on Python Language and Raspberry Pi

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Andrea Carloni ◽  
Federico Baronti ◽  
Roberto Di Rienzo ◽  
Roberto Roncella ◽  
Roberto Saletti
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Li Ion

Technology improvements and cost reduction allow electrochemical energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion cells to massively be used in medium-power applications, where the low system cost is the major constraint. Battery pack maintenance services are expected to be required more often in the future. For this reason, a low-cost instrumentation able to characterize the cells of a battery pack is needed. Several works use low-cost programmable units as Li-ion cell tester, but they are generally based on proprietary-software running on a personal computer. This work introduces an open-source software architecture based on Python language to control common low-cost commercial laboratory instruments. The Python software application is executed on a Raspberry Pi board, which represents the control block of the hardware architecture, instead of a personal computer. The good results obtained during the validation process demonstrate that the proposed cell station tester features measurement accuracy and precision suitable for the characterization of Li-ion cells. Finally, as a simple example of application, the state of health of twenty 40 Ah LiFePO4 cells belonging to a battery pack used in an E-scooter was successfully determined.

Self-Balancing by Design in Hybrid Electrochemical Battery Packs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Adilah Aljunid ◽  
Michelle A. K. Denlinger ◽  
Hosam K. Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Battery ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Physics Based Simulation

This paper explores the novel concept that a hybrid battery pack containing both lithium-ion (Li-ion) and vanadium redox flow (VRF) cells can self-balance automatically, by design. The proposed hybrid pack connects the Li-ion and VRF cells in parallel to form “hybrid cells”, then connects these hybrid cells into series strings. The basic idea is to exploit the recirculation and mixing of the VRF electrolytes to establish an internal feedback loop. This feedback loop attenuates state of charge (SOC) imbalances in both the VRF battery and the lithium-ion cells connected to it. This self-balancing occurs automatically, by design. This stands in sharp contrast to today’s battery pack balancing approaches, all of which require either (passive/active) power electronics or an external photovoltaic source to balance battery cell SOCs. The paper demonstrates this self-balancing property using a physics-based simulation of the proposed hybrid pack. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first report in the literature of self-balancing “by design” in electrochemical battery packs.

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of Different Cell Configurations of Lithium ion battery Pack

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Md. Nahian Al Subri Ivan ◽  
Sujit Devnath ◽  
Rethwan Faiz ◽  
Kazi Firoz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Series Configuration ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Parallel Module ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Parallel Series

To infer and predict the reliability of the remaining useful life of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is very significant in the sectors associated with power source proficiency. As an energy source of electric vehicles (EV), Li-ion battery is getting attention due to its lighter weight and capability of storing higher energy. Problems with the reliability arises while li-ion batteries of higher voltages are required. As in this case several li-ion cells areconnected in series and failure of one cell may cause the failure of the whole battery pack. In this paper, Firstly, the capacity degradation of li-ion cells after each cycle is observed and secondly with the help of MATLAB 2016 a mathematical model is developed using Weibull Probability Distribution and Exponential Distribution to find the reliability of different types of cell configurations of a non-redundant li-ion battery pack. The mathematical model shows that the parallel-series configuration of cells is more reliable than the series configuration of cells. The mathematical model also shows that if the discharge rate (C-rate) remains constant; there could be an optimum number for increasing the cells in the parallel module of a parallel-series onfiguration of cells of a non-redundant li-ion battery pack; after which only increasing the number of cells in parallel module doesn’t increase the reliability of the whole battery pack significantly. 

scholarly journals Designing of Lithium - Ion Battery Pack Rechargeable on a Hybrid System with Battery Management System (BMS) for DC Loads of Low Power Applications – A Prototype Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Ramu Bhukya ◽  
Praveen Kumar Nalli ◽  
Kalyan Sagar Kadali ◽  
Mahendra Chand Bade
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Management System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract Now a days, Li-ion batteries are quite possibly the most exceptional battery-powered batteries; these are drawing in much consideration from recent many years. M Whittingham first proposed lithium-ion battery technology in the 1970s, using titanium sulphide for the cathode and lithium metal for the anode. Li-ion batteries are the force to be reckoned with for the advanced electronic upset in this cutting-edge versatile society, solely utilized in cell phones and PC computers. A battery is a Pack of cells organized in an arrangement/equal association so the voltage can be raised to the craving levels. Lithium-ion batteries, which are completely utilised in portable gadgets & electric vehicles, are the driving force behind the digital technological revolution in today’s mobile societies. In order to protect and maintain voltage and current of the battery with in safe limit Battery Management System (BMS) should be used. BMS provides thermal management to the battery, safeguarding it against over and under temperature and also during short circuit conditions. The battery pack is designed with series and parallel connected cells of 3.7v to produce 12v. The charging and releasing levels of the battery pack is indicated by interfacing the Arduino microcontroller. The entire equipment is placed in a fiber glass case (looks like aquarium) in order to protect the battery from external hazards to design an efficient Lithium-ion battery by using Battery Management System (BMS). We give the supply to the battery from solar panel and in the absence of this, from a regular AC supply.

scholarly journals Scheduled Pre-Heating of Li-Ion Battery Packs for Balanced Temperature and State-of-Charge Distribution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Hien Vu ◽  
Donghwa Shin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Internal Heating ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant performance degradation such as power/energy capacity loss and life cycle reduction in low-temperature conditions. Hence, the Li-ion battery pack is heated before usage to enhance its performance and lifetime. Recently, many internal heating methods have been proposed to provide fast and efficient pre-heating. However, the proposed methods only consider a combination of unit cells while the internal heating should be implemented for multiple groups within a battery pack. In this study, we investigated the possibility of timing control to simultaneously obtain balanced temperature and state of charge (SOC) between each cell by considering geometrical and thermal characteristics of the battery pack. The proposed method schedules the order and timing of the charge/discharge period for geometrical groups in a battery pack during internal pre-heating. We performed a pack-level simulation with realistic electro-thermal parameters of the unit battery cells by using the mutual pulse heating strategy for multi-layer geometry to acquire the highest heating efficiency. The simulation results for heating from −30 ∘ C to 10 ∘ C indicated that a balanced temperature-SOC status can be achieved via the proposed method. The temperature difference can be decreased to 0.38 ∘ C and 0.19% of the SOC difference in a heating range of 40 ∘ C with only a maximum SOC loss of 2.71% at the end of pre-heating.

Energy Equalization Circuit with Multiple Primary Windings for Li-Ion Battery System

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 3374-3377
Author(s):  
San Xing Chen ◽  
Ming Yu Gao ◽  
Guo Jin Ma ◽  
Zhi Wei He
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
In Series ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Number Of Cells

In this paper, a cell equalization circuit based on the Flyback topology is proposed for the Lithium-ion battery pack. Multiple transformers are employed in this circuit, equal to the number of cells in the pack. All the primary windings are coupled in series to provide the equalizing energy form the whole battery pack to the specific under charged cells. The structure and principle of the circuit is discussed, finally a prototype of four cells is presented to show the outstanding equalization efficiency of the proposed circuit.

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic Benefits of a Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain with a Zinc–Air Range Extender in the Transition to Electric Vehicles

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manh-Kien Tran ◽  
Steven Sherman ◽  
Ehsan Samadani ◽  
Reid Vrolyk ◽  
Derek Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Li Ion

Emissions and pollution from the transportation sector due to the consumption of fossil fuels by conventional vehicles have been negatively affecting the global climate and public health. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a cleaner solution to reduce the emission and pollution caused by transportation. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the main type of energy storage system used in EVs. The Li-ion battery pack must be considerably large to satisfy the requirement for the vehicle’s range, which also increases the cost of the vehicle. However, considering that most people use their vehicles for short-distance travel during daily commutes, the large pack is expensive, inefficient and unnecessary. In a previous paper, we proposed a novel EV powertrain design that incorporated the use of a zinc–air (Zn–air) battery pack as a range-extender, so that a smaller Li-ion pack could be used to save costs. The design and performance aspects of the powertrain were analyzed. In this study, the environmental and economic benefits of the proposed dual-battery powertrain are investigated. The results from the new powertrain were compared with values from a standard EV powertrain with one large Li-ion pack and a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) powertrain. In addition, an air pollution model is developed to determine the total amount of pollution released by the transportation sector on Highway 401 in Ontario, Canada. The model was then used to determine the effects of mass passenger EV rollout on pollution reduction.

FireNot – An IoT based Fire Alerting System: Design and Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-489
Author(s):  
Bahman A. Sassani ◽  
Noreen Jamil ◽  
Maria Villapol ◽  
M. Abbas Malik ◽  
Sreenivas Sremath Tirumala
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Alerting System ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Android App ◽  
The Cost

Internet of Things (IoT) based systems have revolutionised the way real world systems are inter-connected through internet. At present the application of IoT based systems is extend to real time detection and warning system. However, cost has been a major factor for development and implementation of IoT systems. Considering the cost, ease of implementation, this paper proposes a low cost yet efficient IoT system called FireNot for warning and alerting fire incidents. FireNot is a cloud based system that uses sensors (hardware) to detect fire and alert the user through internet and is maintained and monitored using a simple Android app. The FireNot system uses Raspberry Pi programmed through Python language and utilises Google API for location detection. The FireNot system is also intended to provide an expandable platform for additional daily monitoring tasks and more importunately, resiliency against most cyber-attacks and hi-jacking that targets IoT-based system lacked in most of similar IoT-based designs. This paper practically demonstrates the FireNot system through extensive testing on various operations and the FireNot system is proven to be efficient.

Maintaining a Constant Charging Duration Independent of Battery Capacity for Battery Pack by Designing a Fast DC Charger

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Bassam Atieh ◽  
Mohammad Fouad Al-sammak
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Usage Flexibility

This article proposes a novel strategy for developing a new structure for a lithium-ion battery pack fast charger which aims to achieve fast DC charging, based on the topology of a boost converter. The proposed charger has been designed considering using fewer electronic components at lower cost. Varying initial charging percentage of the Li-ion cells has not been addressed in this article, an equal initial charging percentage of each Li-ion cell is assumed. Performance of the proposed structure of the charger has been tested using a simulation environment. This strategy has shown that this structure ensures scalability of this charger, while using the utility grid (220V, 50Hz) as a main power source for this charger has ensured practical usage flexibility. The results of this research are presented and discussed. These results have shown the outstanding performance and response of this charger.

Advanced Performance Estimation Model for Lithium-Ion Power Battery Used in Pure Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Ling Juan Li ◽  
Ming Ming Liu ◽  
J.R. Linna ◽  
Guo Hua Ye ◽  
Xiao Bing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Traction Power

The growing demand for accurate performance simulations of high-power Li-ion traction batteries requires a fast and effective method. In this paper, an advanced estimation model is proposed to evaluate Li-ion traction battery performance in pure electric vehicle (PEV) applications. The estimation model, which combines road load simulation and lumped parameter analysis, can predict vehicle traction power requirements and entire battery performance parameters both for charge (regenerative braking or grid charging) and discharge (traction power) processes. The model is validated for a battery pack in aPEVoperating over three representative driving cycles: (i) the new European driving cycle (NEDC), (ii) 60km/h constant speed driving cycle, and (iii) 30min maximum speed driving cycle. The results show that the combined performance model output corresponds well with measured data. Thus, this new proposed model can be used to validate battery pack performance during in-vehicle use with reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals PiBot: An Open Low-Cost Robotic Platform With Camera for STEM Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Vega ◽  
José M. Cañas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Software Infrastructure ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Controller Board

This paper presents the robotic platform, PiBot, that has been developed and that is aimed at improving the teaching of Robotics with vision to secondary students. Its computational core is the Raspberry Pi 3 controller board, and the greatest novelty of this prototype is the support developed for the powerful camera mounted on board, the PiCamera. An open software infrastructure written in Python language was implemented so that the student may use this camera, or even a WebCam, as the main sensor of this robotic platform. Also, higher level commands have been provided to enhance the learning outcome for beginners. In addition, a PiBot 3D printable model and the counterpart for the Gazebo simulator were also developed and fully supported. They are publicly available so that students and educational centers that do not have the physical robot or can not afford the costs of these, can nevertheless practice and learn or teach Robotics using these open platforms: DIY-PiBot and/or simulated-PiBot.

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