scholarly journals Feasibility of a Stochastic Collaborative Beamforming for Long Range Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro-Camba ◽  
Santiago Felici-Castell ◽  
Jaume Segura-García ◽  
Miguel García-Pineda ◽  
Juan Pérez-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Collaborative Beamforming ◽  
A New Technique

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a group of spatially dispersed autonomous sensor devices, named motes. These motes have a microcontroller, sensors, are powered by AA or AAA batteries, and mainly have the ability to communicate using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The motes communicate between them inside the WSN exchanging packets using a multi-hop routing. They use a very low amount of power (below 100 mW). This limits the maximum communication distance between motes within the WSN. Usually, one mote acts as a gateway to other networks and this mote is also called sink or simply Base Station (BS), and the data collected by the sensors of each mote are sent to this mote. The maximum distance between the BS and the nearest mote is below 100 m because of the power limitations of the motes. If the WSN-BS distance is above this boundary, the communication will surely fail. We propose a new technique in order to achieve a long range communication from the WSN, for instance to communicate to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. Many proposals in the literature based on Collaborative Beamforming (CB), also known as Distributed or Cooperative Beamforming, for these long range communications are found, however the synchronization of clocks is an almost impossible task given the simplicity and cheapness of the architecture of the motes. To overcome this problem, we propose a new technique, named Stochastic Collaborative Beamforming (SCB), in which we take advantage of the synchronization errors of the clocks. In SCB, it is possible to obtain the adequate time delay that permits the interference or sufficient gain in the direction of the receiver. This gain is obtained from interfering independent signals coming from each mote of the WSN, using a repetition scheme. Although it does not get all the nominal gain that could be obtained in case of a perfect synchronization, it does get a sufficient gain to reach the BS with limited power consumption.

scholarly journals Low-Complexity Localization and Tracking in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kianoush ◽  
E. Goldoni ◽  
A. Savioli ◽  
P. Gamba
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Target Path

Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an important research topic: readings come from sensors scattered in the environment, and most of applications assume that the exact position of the sensors is known. Due to power restrictions, WSN nodes are not usually equipped with a global positioning system—hence, many techniques have been developed in order to estimate the position of nodes according to some measurements over the radio channel. In this paper, we propose a new technique to track a moving target by combining distance measurements obtained from both narrowband IEEE 802.15.4 and Ultrawideband (UWB) radios, and then exploiting a novel speed-based algorithm for bounding the error. This process is applied to a real dataset collected during a measurement campaign, and its performance is compared against a Kalman filter. Results show that our algorithm is able to track target path with good accuracy and low computational impact.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Routing Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2942-2949
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sole Purpose ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) main focus is on energy conservation and thus it is most researched area. The energy in WSN is highly consumed during data transmission. That’s why, many routing protocols are developed as their sole purpose is to consume less energy during data transmission. Dynamic Multi-Hop Routing (DMR) and Static Multi-Hop Routing (SMR) has provided efficient approach by forwarding nodes data to Base Station (BS) by splitting whole sensor network into several levels and each node acts according to its position and status but network suffers from hotspot problem for large area applications. This paper aims to present a new technique to avoid hotspot problem in by introducing Relay Cluster Head (RCH), node whose sole purpose is to relay the data for multi hop routing in WSN and to improve the Cluster Head (CH) selection in the existing techniques by incorporating energy and distance factors. The network is divided into levels and nodes in a cluster send their data to CH and CH in each level forwards its data to the RCH of the lower level (near to BS). It is observed from simulation results that proposed technique improves the lifetime, stability and throughput of the network as compared to the DMR and SMR techniques.

QoS Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Omkar Singh ◽  
Vinay Rishiwal
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End

Background & Objective: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of huge number of tiny senor nodes. WSN collects environmental data and sends to the base station through multi-hop wireless communication. QoS is the salient aspect in wireless sensor networks that satisfies end-to-end QoS requirement on different parameters such as energy, network lifetime, packets delivery ratio and delay. Among them Energy consumption is the most important and challenging factor in WSN, since the senor nodes are made by battery reserved that tends towards life time of sensor networks. Methods: In this work an Improve-Energy Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Hierarchy (I-EAMMH) QoS based routing approach has been proposed and evaluated that reduces energy consumption and delivers data packets within time by selecting optimum cost path among discovered routes which extends network life time. Results and Conclusion: Simulation has been done in MATLAB on varying number of rounds 400- 2000 to checked the performance of proposed approach. I-EAMMH is compared with existing routing protocols namely EAMMH and LEACH and performs better in terms of end-to-end-delay, packet delivery ratio, as well as reduces the energy consumption 13%-19% and prolongs network lifetime 9%- 14%.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN SMART GRIDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Carlos Deyvinson Reges Bessa
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
La Red

ABSTRACTThis work aims to study which wireless sensor network routing protocol is more suitable for Smart Grids applications, through simulation of AODV protocols, AOMDV, DSDV and HTR in the NS2 simulation environment. Was simulated a network based on a residential area with 47 residences, with one node for each residence and one base station, located about 25m from the other nodes. Many parameters, such as packet loss, throughput, delay, jitter and energy consumption were tested.  The network was increased to 78 and 93 nodes in order to evaluate the behavior of the protocols in larger networks. The tests proved that the HTR is the routing protocol that has the best results in performance and second best in energy consumption. The DSDV had the worst performance according to the tests.Key words.- Smart grid, QoS analysis, Wireless sensor networks, Routing protocols.RESUMENEste trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el protocolo de enrutamiento de la red de sensores inalámbricos es más adecuado para aplicaciones de redes inteligentes, a través de la simulación de protocolos AODV, AOMDV, DSDV y HTR en el entorno de simulación NS2. Se simuló una red basada en una zona residencial con 47 residencias, con un nodo para cada residencia y una estación base, situada a unos 25 metros de los otros nodos. Muchos parámetros, tales como la pérdida de paquetes, rendimiento, retardo, jitter y el consumo de energía se probaron. La red se incrementó a 78 y 93 nodos con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento de los protocolos de redes más grandes. Las pruebas demostraron que el HTR es el protocolo de enrutamiento que tiene los mejores resultados en el rendimiento y el segundo mejor en el consumo de energía. El DSDV tuvo el peor desempeño de acuerdo a las pruebas.Palabras clave.- redes inteligentes, análisis de calidad de servicio, redes de sensores inalámbricas, protocolos de enrutamiento.

Near field improvements of stochastic collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique A. Navarro-Camba ◽  
Jaume Segura-García ◽  
Santiago Felici-Castell ◽  
Enrique Navarro-Modesto ◽  
Miguel García-Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Collaborative Beamforming
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