scholarly journals Half-Elliptical Resonator Lowpass Filter with a Wide Stopband for Low Band 5G Communication Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Rasoul Azadi ◽  
Saeed Roshani ◽  
Arez Nosratpour ◽  
Ali Lalbakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Hazhir Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Transmission Zero ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, a lowpass filter is designed using half elliptical resonators with a wide stopband. New formulas are presented to achieve a circuit model for the half elliptical resonators used in this work. Additionally, the transfer function and transmission zero equations are used to adjust the frequency of the transmission zeros of the filter. The cut-off frequency of the lowpass filter is 1.26 GHz with a sufficiently large stopband, extending from 1.48 GHz to 20 GHz. The proposed filter’s figure of merit is 62,520, demonstrating its outperformance compared to the state of the art. The filter is implemented on a RT-5880 substrate with a constant dielectric of 2.2, thickness of 31 mil and loss tangent of 0.0009. The LPF was fabricated and tested, showing good agreement between the simulated and measured results.

Generalized Chebyshev Highpass Filter based on Suspended Stripline Structure (SSS) for Wideband Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zakaria ◽  
M. A. Mutalib ◽  
M. S. M. Isa ◽  
N. Z. Haron ◽  
A. A. Latiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Finite Frequency ◽  
Transmission Zero ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
Highpass Filter ◽  
Filter Prototype ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents the method to transform generalized Chebyshev lowpass filter prototype to highpass filter based on Suspended Stripline Structure (SSS) technology. The study involves circuit analysis to determine generalized Chebyshev responses with a transmission zero at finite frequency. The transformation of the highpass filter from the lowpass filter prototype produces a cutoff frequency of 3.1 GHz with a return loss better than -20 dB. The design is simulated and measured on a Roger Duroid RO4350 with a dielectric constant, ɛr of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.508 mm. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results. This class of generalized Chebyshev highpass filter with finite transmission zero would be useful in any RF/ microwave communication systems particularly in wideband applications where the reduction of overall physical volume and weight as well as cost very important, while maintaining its excellent performance.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF 3D PIN-BY-PIN CORE SOLVER TORTIN AND COUPLING WITH THERMAL-HYDRAULICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 02034
Author(s):  
P. Mala ◽  
A. Pautz ◽  
H. Ferroukhi ◽  
A. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Channel Code ◽  
Thermal Hydraulics ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Assembly Problem ◽  
Good Agreement

Currently, safety analyses mostly rely on codes which solve both the neutronics and the thermal-hydraulics with assembly-wise nodes resolution as multiphysics heterogeneous transport solvers are still too time and memory expensive. The pin-by-pin homogenized codes can be seen as a bridge between the heterogeneous codes and the traditional nodal assembly-wise calculations. In this work, the pin-by-pin simplified transport solver Tortin has been coupled with a sub-channel code COBRA-TF. The verification of the 3D solver of Tortin is presented at first, showing very good agreement in terms of axial and radial power profile with the Monte Carlo code SERPENT for a small minicore and with the state-of-the-art nodal code SIMULATE5 for a quarter core without feedback. Then the results of Tortin+COBRA-TF are compared with SIMULATE5 for one assembly problem with feedback. The axial profiles of power and moderator temperature show good agreement, while the fuel temperature differ by up to 40 K. This is caused mainly by different gap and fuel conductance parameters used in COBRA-TF and in SIMULATE5.

scholarly journals Dual-Band Bandpass Filter With Controllable Stopband Bandwidth

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Haokun Wei ◽  
Kun Gao ◽  
Xiting Ruan ◽  
Xiaojian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Microstrip Filter ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed with independently controllable transmission zeros (TZs) which can realize widely tunable stopband bandwidth (BW). The planar microstrip filter consists of a three-degree L-C ladder lowpass filter loaded with two unsymmetrical shorted stubs which are used to produce different TZs. By tuning the parameters of the two unsymmetrical shorted stubs, the TZs can be independently controlled. Therefore, the BPF has independent controllable center frequencies (CFs), passband bandwidths, and stopband bandwidths between adjacent passbands. All the L-C values in the equivalent circuit of the proposed filter are optimized to fulfill the design specifications. For demonstration, a dual-band BPF is designed. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones.

scholarly journals Switchable DBR Filters Using Semiconductor Distributed Doped Areas (ScDDAs)

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Rozenn Allanic ◽  
Denis Le Berre ◽  
Cédric Quendo ◽  
David Chouteau ◽  
Virginie Grimal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
The State ◽  
Semiconductor Substrate ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Active Elements ◽  
Insertion Losses ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents a novel way to switch dual-behavior resonator (DBR) filters without any additional active surface-mount components. By using a semiconductor substrate, we were able to simultaneously co-design the filters and semiconductor distributed doped areas (ScDDAs) with integrated N+PP+ junctions as active elements. These ScDDAs act as electrical vias in the substrate, which makes it possible to have an open-circuited resonator in the OFF state and a short-circuited resonator in the ON state, and, consequently, to control the transmission zeroes of the filters. This method offers degrees of freedom as the dimensions and positions of these doped areas can be chosen to obtain the best performances. In this study, four filters were simulated and fabricated to spotlight different possibilities for the dimensions and positions of the ScDDA to control the low- or high-frequency transmission zero of the filters. The simulations were in very good agreement with the measured results. All the filters present insertion losses lower than 2 dB in the OFF and ON states, a great flexibility in the frequency choice, and good agility compared with the state of the art.

Architecture Design Approaches and Issues in Cross Layer Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea F. Cattoni ◽  
Troels B. Sørensen ◽  
Preben E. Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Architecture Design

However, Cross Layer also carries a risk due to possibly unexpected and undesired effects. In this chapter, the authors provide architecture designers with a set of guidelines synthesized from an analysis of the state of the art, but enriched with the perspective of the development of future generations of communication systems such as Cognitive Radio.

Design of compact microstrip lowpass filter with ultra-wide stopband using modified T-shaped resonator

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Afzali ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Karkhanehchi ◽  
Gholamreza Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Exact Equation ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Transmission Zero ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
High Figure ◽  
Lc Equivalent Circuit

A new microstrip lowpass filter with compact size and ultra-wide stopband using T-shaped resonator is proposed. To make smaller the circuit size of the filter, cursive transmission line is also suggested. Moreover, exact equation of most important transmission zero is calculated based on LC equivalent circuit and transformation function. A demonstration filter with 3 dB cut-off frequency at 1.02 has been designed, fabricated, and measured. Results show that a relative stopband band width of 166.3% (referred to suppression degree of 20 dB) is achieved while obtaining high figure of merit of 46 274.

scholarly journals Improvement of Radio Frequency Identification Security Using New Hybrid Advanced Encryption Standard Substitution Box by Chaotic Maps

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Amira S. El Batouty ◽  
Hania H. Farag ◽  
Amr A. Mokhtar ◽  
El-Sayed A. El-Badawy ◽  
Moustafa H. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Chaotic Maps ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Substitution Box ◽  
Frequency Identification

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is widely utilized by businesses, organizations and wireless communication systems. RFID technology is secured using different ways of data encryption, e.g., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The Substitution Box (S-Box) is the core of AES. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to generate a modified S-Box with new keys, specifically a key and plaintext-dependent S-Box using an improved RC4 encryption algorithm with Logistic Chaotic Maps (LCM). The strength of the proposed S-Box is tested throughout the paper, and compared against the state-of-the-art S-Box implementations, namely, the static S-Box, dynamic S-box, KSA and PRGA S-Box, and RC4 S-Boxes with Henon chaotic maps. The comparison between the state-of-the-art S-Boxes and the proposed S-Box demonstrates that the use of the Logistic Chaotic Map increases the security of the S-Box and makes the differential and linear cryptography more sturdy. In particular, using the strict avalanche test, we demonstrate that the proposed S-Box improves the security by achieving a cipher text bit-flip ratio of 0.4765, which is closer to 0.5 (where half the bits are flipped), while maintaining a minimum elapsed time of 19 milliseconds for encryption and decryption.

Ascertainment of the Figure of Merit for the State-of-the-Art Thermoelectric Materials via Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1346-1349
Author(s):  
Ya Jie Liu ◽  
Ning Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Dimensionless Figure Of Merit ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Relative Errors

An effective numerical method to predict quantitatively the relation between the dimensionless figure of merit of the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials with the temperature was investigated by look around for some fitting mathematical functions. The simulative results agree with the observed data very well that the minimum correlation coefficient and the maximum average relative errors between them are 0.9767 and 4.35 % respectively. The high light of this work is that the regular pattern of the dimensionless figure of merit of the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials dependence temperature appears Gaussian. This conclusion may be an available tip to the the theoretical physicist to build or modify some theoretical model that used to explain the physical mechanisms of the thermoelectric materials.

scholarly journals A Balanced Filtering Directional Coupler with Wide Common-Mode Suppression Based on Slotline Structure

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2254
Author(s):  
Luyan Qiao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Mode Suppression ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
The Common ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, a balanced-to-balanced filtering directional coupler (FDC) that can realize a 3 dB coupling degree directional coupler with high isolation and directivity is proposed. The design of the proposed FDC is primarily based on microstrip/slotline transition structures, resonance structures, and odd–even mode phase velocity compensation structures. A U-type microstrip feed line integrated with a stepped-impedance slotline resonator is adopted at the input and output ports, which makes the differential-mode (DM) responses independent of the common-mode (CM) ones, and brings superior DM transmission and CM suppression. In addition, by loading the microstrip stub-loaded resonators (SLRs), a DM passband with sharp filtering performance is realized, and transmission zeros (TZs) can be added into the design, which makes it more selective. Moreover, phase compensating slotlines are added into the coupling structure to enhance the isolation. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed design method, an FDC prototype circuit was made and tested. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results. The designed coupler’s DM operating band covers 2.65 GHz to 3 GHz (FBW = 12.4%), and the insertion and return losses are 4.6 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The isolation degree is better than 15 dB, and the CM suppression is more than 55 dB. The total coupler size is about 67.7 mm × 63.8 mm. The designed balanced-to-balanced FDC can be widely used in S-band wireless communication systems.

scholarly journals A Design of a Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Based on Modal Analysis for Modern Communication Systems

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Lalbakhsh ◽  
Seyed Morteza Alizadeh ◽  
Amirhossein Ghaderi ◽  
Alireza Golestanifar ◽  
Bahare Mohamadzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
Coupling Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lumped Circuit Model ◽  
Good Agreement

A dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) composed of a coupling structure and a bent T-shaped resonator loaded by small L-shaped stubs is presented in this paper. The first band of the proposed BPF covers 4.6 to 10.6 GHz, showing 78.9% fractional bandwidth (FBW) at 7.6 GHz, and the second passband is cantered at 11.5 GHz with a FBW of 2.34%. The bent T-shaped resonator generates two transmission zeros (TZs) near the wide passband edges, which are used to tune the bandwidth of the first band, and the L-shaped stubs are used to create and control the narrow passband. The selectivity performance of the BPF is analyzed using the transfer function extracted from the lumped circuit model verified by a detailed even/odd mode analysis. The BPF presents a flat group delay (GD) of 0.45 ns and an insertion loss (IL) less than 0.6 dB in the wide passband and a 0.92 IL in the narrow passband. A prototype of the proposed BPF is fabricated and tested, showing very good agreement between the numerically predicted and measured results.

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