scholarly journals Optimal Control of Centralized Thermoelectric Generation System under Nonuniform Temperature Distribution Using Barnacles Mating Optimization Algorithm

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Mirza Imran Tariq ◽  
Majad Mansoor ◽  
Adeel Feroz Mirza ◽  
Nouman Mujeeb Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cuckoo Search ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature Distribution

The need for renewable energy resources is ever-increasing due to the concern for environmental issues associated with fossil fuels. Low-cost high-power-density manufacturing techniques for the thermoelectric generators (TEG) have added to the technoeconomic feasibility of the TEG systems as an effective power generation system in heat recovery, cooling, electricity, and engine-efficiency applications. The environment-dependent factors such as the nonuniform distribution of heat, damage to the heat-transfer coating between sinks and sources, and mechanical faults create nonuniform current generation and impedance mismatch causing power loss. As a solution to this nonlinear multisolution problem, an improved MPPT control is presented, which utilizes the improvised barnacle mating optimization (BMO). The case studies are formulated to gauge the performance of the proposed BMP MPPT control under nonuniform temperature distribution. The results are compared to the grey wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. Faster global maximum power point tracking (GMPP) within 381 ms, higher power tracking efficiency of up to 99.93%, and least oscillation ≈0.8 W are achieved by the proposed BMO with the highest energy harvest on average. The statistical analysis further solidifies the better performance of the proposed controller with the least root mean square error (RMSE), RE, and highest SR.

Direct and Indirect Methods for Calculating Thermal Emission From Layered Structures With Nonuniform Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Wang ◽  
S. Basu ◽  
Z. M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Layered Structures ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Nonuniform Temperature Distribution ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

The determination of emissivity of layered structures is critical in many applications, such as radiation thermometry, microelectronics, radiative cooling, and energy harvesting. Two different approaches, i.e., the “indirect” and “direct” methods, are commonly used for computing the emissivity of an object. For an opaque surface at a uniform temperature, the indirect method involves calculating the spectral directional-hemispherical reflectance to deduce the spectral directional emissivity based on Kirchhoff’s law. On the other hand, a few studies have used a combination of Maxwell’s equations with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to directly calculate the emissivity. The present study aims at unifying the direct and indirect methods for calculating the far-field thermal emission from layered structures with a nonuniform temperature distribution. Formulations for both methods are given to illustrate the equivalence between the indirect and the direct methods. Thermal emission from an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot resonance cavity with a nonuniform temperature distribution is taken as an example to show how to predict the intensity, emissivity, and the brightness temperature. The local density of states, however, can only be calculated using the direct method.

Small-Scale, Green-Powered Hydrogen Generation System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Arruda ◽  
David Browne ◽  
Chris Thongkham ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Average Consumer

One of the major road blocks in the transition from the current oil economy to the future hydrogen fuel economy is the availability of low cost hydrogen fuel for the average consumer. Currently, the price per kilogram of hydrogen fuel is higher than the cost of an equivalent measure of gasoline and its availability is limited to large metropolitan areas. Both of these factors prevent hydrogen from being an attractive alternative to gasoline for most consumers. The goal of this project, in a senior thermal design course, is to design and construct a low-cost hydrogen generation system for residential hydrogen fuel production and storage. The system will be powered by renewable sources of energy; namely a micro-scale wind turbine and a solar panel. The power generated will be used to power a small-scale PEM electrolyzer to produce hydrogen gas that will then be stored at low pressure in a safe, metal hydride storage tank. This relatively low cost system will provide the average consumer with the ability to safely produce hydrogen fuel for use in residential fuel cells or fuel cell-powered vehicles, making hydrogen fuel an attractive alternative to fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Metal doped layered MgB2 nanoparticles as novel electrocatalysts for water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Sadeghi ◽  
Naeimeh Sadat Peighambardoust ◽  
Masoumeh Khatamian ◽  
Ugur Unal ◽  
Umut Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Splitting Process

AbstractGrowing environmental problems along with the galloping rate of population growth have raised an unprecedented challenge to look for an ever-lasting alternative source of energy for fossil fuels. The eternal quest for sustainable energy production strategies has culminated in the electrocatalytic water splitting process integrated with renewable energy resources. The successful accomplishment of this process is thoroughly subject to competent, earth-abundant, and low-cost electrocatalysts to drive the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), preferably, in the same electrolyte. The present contribution has been dedicated to studying the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of newfangled electrocatalysts with the formal composition of Mg1−xTMxB2 (x = 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1; TM (transition metal) = Fe and Co) primarily in HER as well as OER under 1 M KOH medium. The electrochemical tests revealed that among all the metal-doped MgB2 catalysts, Mg0.95Co0.05B2 has the best HER performance showing an overpotential of 470 mV at − 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 80 mV dec−1 on account of its high purity and fast electron transport. Further investigation shed some light on the fact that Fe concentration and overpotential for HER have adverse relation meaning that the highest amount of Fe doping (x = 0.1) displayed the lowest overpotential. This contribution introduces not only highly competent electrocatalysts composed of low-cost precursors for the water-splitting process but also a facile scalable method for the assembly of highly porous electrodes paving the way for further stunning developments in the field.

scholarly journals Design and Improvement of Existing Briquette Making Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1391-1397
Author(s):  
Sohel Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Groundnut Shell

There has been a recent push to replace the burning of fossil fuels with biofuel. The replacement of this non-renewable energy resources with biological waste lowers the overall pollution of the world. The waste biomass similar to dry leaves, sawdust, rice husk, coffee husk etc. are gathered and compressed into the briquettes, these briquettes can also transport and used as fuel to generate heat and energy. It is a time to take initiative to turn Biomass into a source of energy. Hence here we are taking responsibility in converting agricultural and forestry wastes into useful biomass briquettes, which can also be used as a substitute for Coal and other non-renewable resources. Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute or replacement to a coal and charcoal. Biomass briquettes can be manufactured by using agricultural and forestry waste. The low-density biomass Is converted into high density biomass briquettes with the help of a briquetting machine that Uses binder or without binder i.e., binder less technique, as there is no any type of chemical is used so it is 100% natural. The mostly used raw material for biomass briquettes, Mustard Stalks, Sawdust, Groundnut Shell, Coffee Husk, Coir Pitch, Jute Sticks, Sugarcane Bagasse, Rice Husk, Cotton Stalks, Caster Seed Shells / Stalk, Wood Chips, Paddy straw, Tobacco Waste, Tea Waste, maize stalks, bajra Cobs, Arhar stalks, Bamboo Dust, Wheat Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Palm Husk, Soya bean Husk, Veneer Residues, Barks & Straws, Leaf’s, Pine Niddle, Seeds Cases etc. are used. Biomass Briquette are largely used for any type of thermal application, like steam generation in Boilers, in furnace & foundries (It can be used for metal heating & melting where melting point Is less than 1000d/cel.), for heating purpose (Residential & Commercial Heating in winter, Heating in Cold areas and Hotels, Canteens, Cafeterias and house hold kitchen appliances, restaurants etc.), There are several machines available in market but those machines are bulky and are costly, hence here we have developed a portable, low-cost briquetting machine, which makes use of simple mechanism to convert the biological waste into useful briquettes. Any waste or any proportion of Agri waste can be used but with proper binding agent. Some raw materials doesn’t require any binding material high pressure compression is used. The paper presents the results of a project focused on the development of briquettes from the sawdust (Waste Wood) resulting from the primary waste from timber companies. This sawdust currently lacks a useful purpose, and its indiscriminate burning generates CO and CO2 emissions which are harmful to nature. Sawmill Agri waste is a huge problem specially in urban cities. These wastes are burnt openly which is causing environmental pollution and also becomes reason for human health care.

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