scholarly journals Security Impacts Assessment of Active Distribution Network on the Modern Grid Operation—A Review

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Ifedayo Oladeji ◽  
Peter Makolo ◽  
Muhammad Abdillah ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Ramon Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grid Security ◽  
Active Distribution Network

The future grid will include a high penetration of distributed generation, which will have an impact on its security. This paper discusses the latest trends, components, tools, and frameworks aimed at 100% renewable energy generation for the emerging grid. The technical and economic impacts of renewable energy sources (RES)-based distributed generation (DG) on the emerging grid security are also discussed. Moreover, the latest approaches and techniques for allocating RES-DG into the distribution networks using specific performance indices based on recent literature were reviewed. Most of the methods in recent literature are based on metaheuristic optimization algorithms that can optimally allocate the RES-DGs based on the identified network variables. However, there is a need to extend these methods in terms of parameters considered, objectives, and possible ancillary support to the upstream network. The limitations of existing methods in recent literature aimed at ensuring the security of the integrated transmission-active distribution network under high RES-DG penetration were identified. Lastly, the existing coordination methods for voltage and frequency control at the transmission and active distribution system interface were also investigated. Relevant future research areas with a focus on ensuring the security of the emerging grid with high RES-DG penetration into the distribution networks are also recommended.

Research on the Voltage Influence of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generation Access

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Zhou ◽  
Ling Yun Wang ◽  
Wen Yue Liang ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Active Distribution Network ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Active Distribution Networks

Distributed generation (DG) has an important influence on the voltage of active distribution networks. A unidirectional power distribution network will be transformed into a bidirectional, multiple power supply distribution network after DGs access to the distribution network and the direction of power flow is also changed. Considering the traditional forward and backward substitution algorithm can only deal with the equilibrium node and PQ nodes, so the other types of DGs should be transformed into PQ nodes, then its impact on active distribution network can be analyzed via the forward and backward substitution algorithm. In this paper, the characteristics of active distribution networks are analyzed firstly and a novel approach is proposed to convert PI nodes into PQ nodes. Finally, a novel forward and backward substitution algorithm is adopted to calculate the power flow of the active distribution network with DGs. Extensive validation of IEEE 18 and 33 nodes distribution system indicates that this method is feasible. Numerical results show that when DG is accessed to the appropriate location with proper capacity, it has a significant capability to support the voltages level of distribution system.

scholarly journals Influence of FACTS Device Implementation on Performance of Distribution Network with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5516
Author(s):  
Filip Relić ◽  
Predrag Marić ◽  
Hrvoje Glavaš ◽  
Ivica Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Facts Devices

In the modern power system, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices are widely used. An increased share of the distributed generation (DG) and the development of microgrids change the power flows in the existing distribution networks as well as a conventional power flow direction from the transmission to the distribution network level which may affect the overall stability aspects. The paper shows the FACTS devices’ implementation influence on the performance of the distribution network with integrated renewable energy sources (RES) observing the aspects of the oscillatory stability and the low-voltage motor starting. The FACTS devices, in particular the static var compensators (SVC), have been allocated according to a novel algorithm proposed in the paper. The algorithm uses an iterative process to determine an optimal location for implementation and rating power of SVC considering active power losses minimization, improvement of the voltage profile and maximizing return of investment (ROI) of FACTS devices. Novel constraints—transformer station construction constraint, SVC industrial nominal power value constraint and the constraint of distribution system operator (DSO) economic willingness to investment in the distribution network development are considered in the proposed algorithm. The analysis has been performed on 20 kV rural distribution network model in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimal Dispatching Method of Generalized Power Active Distribution Network Based on Game Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Active Distribution Network

To improve the operating dependability of a generalized power active distribution network, a multiobjective optimal scheduling approach based on game theory is proposed. The active distribution network's multistakeholder coordinated and optimal dispatching mode is then established, and the game interaction between various stakeholders in the generalized power active distribution network is evaluated. Using the multistakeholder game coordinated and optimal dispatching strategy, manage and regulate the distribution firms, distributed generation operators, and users engaging in demand response in the active distribution network, to guarantee that the distribution system runs smoothly and fairly. The rate of renewable energy usage, network loss, and user satisfaction are all factored into the multiobjective optimum scheduling objective function of a generalized power active distribution network. Using the multistakeholder game coordinated and optimal dispatching strategy, manage and regulate the distribution firms, distributed generation operators, and demand response participants in the active distribution network, to make sure the distribution system runs smoothly and equitably. Taking into account the rate of renewable energy usage, network loss, and user satisfaction, a multiobjective optimum scheduling objective function for a generalized power active distribution network is thus created.

Swarm-Intelligence-Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
Luqman Hakim Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement

In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) are getting more important because of the electricity demands, fossil fuel depletion and environment concerns. The placement and sizing of DGs have greatly impact on the voltage stability and losses in the distribution network. In this chapter, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been proposed for optimal placement and sizing of DG to improve voltage stability index in the radial distribution system. The two i.e. active power and combination of active and reactive power types of DGs are proposed to realize the effect of DG integration. A specific analysis has been applied on IEEE 33 bus system radial distribution networks using MATLAB 2015a software.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of DG infeed on the effective cover of distance protection scheme in mixed-MV distribution network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Saad Muftah Saad ◽  
Naser El Naily ◽  
Faisal A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Modern Distribution

The environmental and economic features of renewable energy sources have made it possible to be integrated as Distributed Generation (DG) units in distribution networks and to be widely utilized in modern distribution systems. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, altering operational conditions, and the complex topology of active distribution networks makes the level of fault currents significantly variable. Thus, the use of distance protection scheme instead of conventional overcurrent schemes offers an appropriate alternative for protection of modern distribution networks. In this study, the effect of integrating multiple DG units on the effective cover of distance protection schemes and the coordination between various relays in the network was studied and investigated in radiology and meshed operational topologies. Also, in cases of islanded and grid-connected modes. An adaptive distance scheme has been proposed for adequate planning of protection schemes to protect complex networks with multiple distribution sources. The simplified simulated network implemented in NEPLAN represents a benchmark IEC microgrid. The comprehensive results show an effective protection measure for secured microgrid operation.Article History: Received October 18th 2017; Received in revised form May 17th 2018; Accepted July 8th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Saad, S.M., Naily, N.E. and Mohamed, F.A. (2018). Investigating the Effect of DG Infeed on the Effective Cover of Distance Protection Scheme in Mixed-MV Distribution Network. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 223-231.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.223-231

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of a Centralised Controller for High-RES Active Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco García-López ◽  
Manuel Barragán-Villarejo ◽  
Alejandro Marano-Marcolini ◽  
José Maza-Ortega ◽  
José Martínez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Active Distribution Networks

This paper assesses the behaviour of active distribution networks with high penetration of renewable energy sources when the control is performed in a centralised manner. The control assets are the on-load tap changers of transformers at the primary substation, the reactive power injections of the renewable energy sources, and the active and reactive power exchanged between adjacent feeders when they are interconnected through a DC link. A scaled-down distribution network is used as the testbed to emulate the behaviour of an active distribution system with massive penetration of renewable energy resources. The laboratory testbed involves hardware devices, real-time control, and communication infrastructure. Several key performance indices are adopted to assess the effects of the different control actions on the system’s operation. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of control actions enables the optimal integration of a massive penetration of renewable energy.

scholarly journals Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abreu ◽  
Soares ◽  
Carvalho ◽  
Morais ◽  
Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
System Operator

Challenges in the coordination between the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) have risen continuously with the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). These technologies have the possibility to provide reactive power support for system operators. Considering the Portuguese reactive power policy as an example of the regulatory framework, this paper proposes a methodology for proactive reactive power management of the DSO using the renewable energy sources (RES) considering forecast uncertainty available in the distribution system. The proposed method applies a stochastic sequential alternative current (AC)-optimal power flow (SOPF) that returns trustworthy solutions for the DSO and optimizes the use of reactive power between the DSO and DER. The method is validated using a 37-bus distribution network considering real data. Results proved that the method improves the reactive power management by taking advantage of the full capabilities of the DER and by reducing the injection of reactive power by the TSO in the distribution network and, therefore, reducing losses.

Overview of Impacts of Distribution Generations and Micro Grids on Active Distribution Network Operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Tian Yang Zhao ◽  
Xu Wu ◽  
Jian Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Active Distribution Network ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
High Level

With recent development of technology and management in power market and equipment, more and more distributed generation (DG) is embedded in the distribution network. However the approach of connecting DG in most cases is based on a so-called ‘fit and forget’ policy and the capacity of DG is limited rigidly by distribution system operator to avoid the negative effects of high level penetration. New management technologies have been proposed to handle the integration of DGs in the distribution networks. In this review, the micro grid (MG) was treated as the local control method to coordinate DGs within a small area of distribution network. And the active distribution network (AND) was treated as the global control mechanism to actively manage DGs, MGs and other equipment. The operation framework of ADN was firstly introduced. Then based on the static and dynamic models of DGs and MGs, impacts of DGs and MGs on the ADN are surveyed from power quality, stability to the operation. Finally, the conclusion and suggestion is given in this paper.

scholarly journals The Impact of Connecting Distributed Generation to the Distribution System

10.14311/986 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Mgaya ◽  
Z. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the general problem of utilizing of renewable energy sources to generate electric energy. Recent advances in renewable energy power generation technologies, e.g., wind and photovoltaic (PV) technologies, have led to increased interest in the application of these generation devices as distributed generation (DG) units. This paper presents the results of an investigation into possible improvements in the system voltage profile and reduction of system losses when adding wind power DG (wind-DG) to a distribution system. Simulation results are given for a case study, and these show that properly sized wind DGs, placed at carefully selected sites near key distribution substations, could be very effective in improving the distribution system voltage profile and reducing power losses, and hence could  improve the effective capacity of the system. 

scholarly journals Reliability worth Assessment of Active Distribution System Considering Protective Devices and Multiple Distributed Generation Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Subramanya Sarma S ◽  
V. Madhusudhan ◽  
V. Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Test System ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
New Research

<p>Reliability worth assessment is a primary concern in planning and designing of electrical distribution systems those operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of electric supply to customer loads. Renewable energy sources (RES) based Distributed Generation (DG) units can be forecasted to penetrate in distribution networks due to advancement in their technology. The assessment of reliability worth of DG enhanced distribution networks is a relatively new research area. This paper proposes a methodology that can be used to analyze the reliability of active distribution systems (DG enhanced distribution system) and can be applied in preliminary planning studies to compute the reliability indices and statistics. The reliability assessment in this work is carried out with analytical approach applied on a test system and simulated results validate that installation of distributed generators can improve the distribution system reliability considerably.</p>

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