scholarly journals Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Dominic Savio Abraham ◽  
Rajesh Verma ◽  
Lakshmikhandan Kanagaraj ◽  
Sundar Rajan Giri Thulasi Raman ◽  
Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
Utility Grid ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ev Charging

The usage of electric vehicles (EV) has been increasing over the last few years due to a rise in fossil fuel prices and the rate of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. EV-charging stations are powered by existing utility power grid systems, increasing the stress on the utility grid and the load demand at the distribution side. DC grid-based EV charging is more efficient than AC distribution because of its higher reliability, power conversion efficiency, simple interfacing with renewable energy sources (RESs), and integration of energy storage units (ESU). RES-generated power storage in local ESU is an alternative solution for managing the utility grid demand. In addition, to maintain the EV charging demand at the microgrid levels, energy management and control strategies must carefully power the EV battery charging unit. In addition, charging stations require dedicated converter topologies, control strategies, and need to follow set levels and standards. Based on EV, ESU, and RES accessibility, different types of microgrid architecture and control strategies are used to ensure optimum operation at the EV-charging point. Based on the above said merits, this review paper presents different RES-connected architecture and control strategies used in EV-charging stations. It highlights the importance of different charging station architectures with current power converter topologies proposed in the literature. In addition, a comparison of microgrid-based charging station architecture with its energy management, control strategies, and charging converter controls are also presented. The different levels and types of charging stations used for EV charging, in addition to controls and connectors used, are also discussed. An experiment-based energy management strategy was developed to control power flow among the available sources and charging terminals for the effective utilization of generated renewable power. The main motive of the EMS and its control is to maximize the usage of RES consumption. This review also provides the challenges and opportunities in EV-charging, and parameters in selecting appropriate charging stations.

scholarly journals Optimum Resilient Operation and Control DC Microgrid Based Electric Vehicles Charging Station Powered by Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairy Sayed ◽  
Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil ◽  
Ali S. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ev Charging

This paper introduces an energy management and control method for DC microgrid supplying electric vehicles (EV) charging station. An Energy Management System (EMS) is developed to manage and control power flow from renewable energy sources to EVs through DC microgrid. An integrated approach for controlling DC microgrid based charging station powered by intermittent renewable energies. A wind turbine (WT) and solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays are integrated into the studied DC microgrid to replace energy from fossil fuel and decrease pollution from carbon emissions. Due to the intermittency of solar and wind generation, the output powers of PV and WT are not guaranteed. For this reason, the capacities of WT, solar PV panels, and the battery system are considered decision parameters to be optimized. The optimized design of the renewable energy system is done to ensure sufficient electricity supply to the EV charging station. Moreover, various renewable energy technologies for supplying EV charging stations to improve their performance are investigated. To evaluate the performance of the used control strategies, simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Research on Energy Management Strategies of Extended-Range Electric Vehicles Based on Driving Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbin Yu ◽  
Junyu Jiang ◽  
Zhaoxiang Min ◽  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Wangsheng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Extended Range

The extended-range electric vehicle (E-REV) can solve the problems of short driving range and long charging time of pure electric vehicles, but it is necessary to control the engine working points and allocate the power of the energy sources reasonably. In order to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle, an energy management strategy (EMS) that can adapt to the daily driving characteristics of the driver and adjust the control parameters online is proposed in this paper. Firstly, through principal component analysis (PCA) and iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODATA) of historical driving data, a typical driving cycle which can describe driving characteristics of the driver is constructed. Then offline optimization of control parameters by adaptive simulated annealing under each typical driving cycle and online recognition of driving cycles by extreme learning machine (ELM) are applied to the adaptive multi-workpoints energy management strategy (A-MEMS) of E-REV. In the end, compared with traditional rule-based control strategies, A-MEMS achieves good fuel-saving and emission-reduction result by simulation verification, and it explores a new and feasible solution for the continuous upgrade of the EMS.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Integrated Hybrid Microgrid Structured Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Its Energy Management Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic A. Savio ◽  
Vimala A. Juliet ◽  
Bharatiraja Chokkalingam ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽  
Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Utility Grid

A hybrid microgrid-powered charging station reduces transmission losses with better power flow control in the modern power system. However, the uncoordinated charging of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with the hybrid microgrid results in ineffective utilization of the renewable energy sources connected to the charging station. Furthermore, planned development of upcoming charging stations includes a multiport charging facility, which will cause overloading of the utility grid. The paper analyzes the following technical issues: (1) the energy management strategy and converter control of multiport BEV charging from a photovoltaic (PV) source and its effective utilization; (2) maintenance of the DC bus voltage irrespective of the utility grid overloading, which is caused by either local load or the meagerness of PV power through its energy storage unit (ESU). In addition, the charge controller provides closed loop charging through constant current and voltage, and this reduces the charging time. The aim of an energy management strategy is to minimize the usage of utility grid power and store PV power when the vehicle is not connected for charging. The proposed energy management strategy (EMS) was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, and its different modes of operation were verified. A laboratory-scale experimental prototype was also developed, and the performance of the proposed charging station was investigated.

Grid-Connected Plug-in Electric Vehicles Charging Stations Energy Management and Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Khadija El Harouri ◽  
Soumia El Hani ◽  
Elhoussin Elbouchikhi ◽  
Mohamed Benbouzid ◽  
Hamza Mediouni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Energy savings approach to optimal location of EV charging stations in microgrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Vishnu Suresh ◽  
◽  
Przemyslaw Janik ◽  
Dominika Kaczorowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Interior Point Method ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
The One ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

This paper presents an analytical approach to finding an optimal location for an EV charging station based on energy savings in a local microgrid. The analysis is carried out on days obtained by clustering yearly load data and by running an energy management system that runs on MATLAB interior point method. The microgrid is composed of both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The charging station is equipped with a controlled charging feature and this study considers 2 EV charging strategies out of which the one benefitting the power system is adopted.

scholarly journals Self-Sustainable off grid Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station with Integration of Renewable Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2669-2674
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Power Generation Technology ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

Electric Vehicles (EV) are the world’s future transport systems. With the rise in pollutions and its effects on the environment, there has been a large scale movetowards electrical vehicles. But the plug point availability for charging is the serious problem faced by the mostof Electric Vehicle consumers. Therefore, there is a definite need to move from the GRID based/connected charging stations to standalone off-grid stations for charging the Electric Vehicles. The objective of this paper is to arrive at the best configuration or mix of the renewable resources and energy storage systems along with conventional Diesel Generator set which together works in offgrid for Electric Vehicle charging. As aconclusion, by utilizing self-sustainable off-grid power generation technology, the availability of EV charging stations in remote localities at affordable price can be made and mainly it reduces burden on the existing electrical infrastructure.

scholarly journals Integration of Stationary Batteries for Fast Charge EV Charging Stations

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide De Simone ◽  
Luigi Piegari
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
High Peak Power ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distribution Grids ◽  
Ev Charging

One of the biggest issues preventing the spread of electric vehicles is the difficulty in supporting distributed fast charging stations by actual distribution grids. Indeed, a significant amount of power is required for fast charging, especially if multiple vehicles must be supplied simultaneously. A possible solution to mitigate this problem is the installation of auxiliary batteries in the charging station to support the grid during high peak power demands. Nevertheless, the integration of high-voltage batteries with significant power is not a trivial task. This paper proposes the configuration and control of a converter to integrate batteries in a fast charging station. The proposed configuration makes it possible to decouple the grid power from the vehicle power using several auxiliary battery modules. At the same time, the converter makes it possible to draw different amounts of power from the battery modules, allowing the use of second life batteries performing in different ways. This paper discusses the design, control, and operation of the converter. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed control is shown by means of numerical results.

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