scholarly journals IC-Based Neuro-Stimulation Environment for Arbitrary Waveform Generation

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Florian Kolbl ◽  
Yannick Bornat ◽  
Jonathan Castelli ◽  
Louis Regnacq ◽  
Gilles N’Kaoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Arbitrary Waveform Generation ◽  
Waveform Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arbitrary Waveform ◽  
Digital Circuitry ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is commonly based on biphasic stimulation waveforms, which limits its relevance for some applications, such as selective stimulation. We propose in this paper a stimulator capable of delivering arbitrary waveforms to electrodes, and suitable for non-conventional stimulation strategies. Such a system enables in vivo stimulation protocols with optimized efficacy or energy efficiency. The designed system comprises a High Voltage CMOS ASIC generating a configurable stimulating current, driven by a digital circuitry implemented on a FPGA. After fabrication, the ASIC and system were characterized and tested; they successfully generated programmable waveforms with a frequential content up to 1.2 MHz and a voltage compliance between [−17.9; +18.3] V. The system is not optimum when compared to single application stimulators, but no embedded stimulator in the literature offers an equivalent bandwidth which allows the wide range of stimulation paradigms, including high-frequency blocking stimulation. We consider that this stimulator will help test unconventional stimulation waveforms and can be used to generate proof-of-concept data before designing implantable and application-dedicated implantable stimulators.

scholarly journals A High Frequency Self-Reconfigurable Battery for Arbitrary Waveform Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Rémy Thomas ◽  
Ghislain Despesse ◽  
Sylvain Bacquet ◽  
Eric Fernandez ◽  
Yan Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Arbitrary Waveform Generation ◽  
Waveform Generation ◽  
Sinusoidal Waveform ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
Arbitrary Waveform ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cell Balancing

This article presents an innovative self-reconfigurable battery (SRB) architecture, which is able to generate directly at its output any waveform signals. Thanks to that specific characteristic of the proposed system, it is even possible to dispense with any AC charger. Although the individual ability of each cell in the battery pack to perform an efficient active cell balancing has been already studied in the literature, the system presented in this article is the first of its kind. This article describes a real prototype of a high frequency SRB of 128 cells and demonstrates that it can be charged without any dedicated charger directly on the electrical grid, by generating a sinusoidal waveform voltage, while perfectly balancing the cells in real time.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the mouse rRNA gene promoter by a distal spacer promoter.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 4648-4656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Paalman ◽  
S L Henderson ◽  
B Sollner-Webb
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Transcriptional Terminator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Enhancer Sequences ◽  
Stimulation Of

We show that the mouse ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer promoter acts in vivo to stimulate transcription from a downstream rRNA gene promoter. This augmentation of mammalian RNA polymerase I transcription is observed in transient-transfection experiments with three different rodent cell lines, under noncompetitive as well as competitive transcription conditions, over a wide range of template concentrations, whether or not the enhancer repeats alone stimulate or repress expression from the downstream gene promoter. Stimulation of gene promoter transcription by the spacer promoter requires the rDNA enhancer sequences to be present between the spacer promoter and gene promoter and to be oriented as in native rDNA. Stimulation also requires that the spacer promoter be oriented toward the enhancer and gene promoter. However, stimulation does not correlate with transcription from the spacer promoter because the level of stimulation is not altered by either insertion of a functional mouse RNA polymerase I transcriptional terminator between the spacer promoter and enhancer or replacement with a much more active heterologous polymerase I promoter. Further analysis with a series of mutated spacer promoters indicates that the stimulatory activity does not reside in the major promoter domains but requires the central region of the promoter that has been correlated with enhancer responsiveness in vivo.

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal-striatal potentiation underlies stimulant induced hyperactivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Bariselli ◽  
Nanami Miyazaki ◽  
Alexxai Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Locomotor Sensitization ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Brain Pathways ◽  
Dorsomedial Striatum ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractStimulants are one of the most widely prescribed classes of pharmaceuticals, but it is unclear which brain pathways underlie their therapeutic and adverse actions. Here, with real-time monitoring of circuit plasticity, we demonstrate that psychostimulants strengthen orbitofrontal (OFC) to dorsomedial striatum (DMS) pathway synapses, and increase striatal output in awake mice. In vivo high-frequency stimulation of OFC-DMS pathway blocked stimulant-induced potentiation and the expression of locomotor sensitization, thereby directly linking OFC-DMS plasticity to hyperactivity.

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