scholarly journals A Fully Integrated AC-DC Converter in 1 V CMOS for Electrostatic Vibration Energy Transducer with an Open Circuit Voltage of 10 V

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Yosuke Ishida ◽  
Toru Tanzawa
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Bandgap Reference ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Silicon Area ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Energy Transducer

This paper proposes an AC-DC converter for electrostatic vibration energy harvesting. The converter is composed of a CMOS full bridge rectifier and a CMOS shunt regulator. Even with 1 V CMOS, the open circuit voltage of the energy transducer can be as high as 10 V and beyond. Bandgap reference (BGR) inputs a regulated voltage, which is controlled by the output voltage of the BGR. Built-in power-on reset is introduced, which can minimize the silicon area and power to function normally found upon start-up. The AC-DC converter was fabricated with a 65 nm low-Vt 1 V CMOS with 0.081 mm2. 1 V regulation was measured successfully at 20–70 °C with a power conversion efficiency of 43%.

scholarly journals A Fully Integrated Clocked AC-DC Charge Pump for Mignetostrictive Vibration Energy Harvesting

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Hayato Kawauchi ◽  
Toru Tanzawa
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Charge Pump ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Energy Transducer ◽  
On Chip

This paper describes a clocked AC-DC charge pump to enable full integration of power converters into a sensor or radio frequency (RF) chip even with low open circuit voltage magnetostrictive vibration energy transducer operating at a low resonant frequency of 10 Hz to 1 kHz. The frequency of the clock to drive an AC-DC charge pump was up-converted with an on-chip oscillator to increase output power of the charge pump without significantly increasing the circuit area. A model of the system including the charge pump and vibration energy transducer is shown. It was validated by HSPICE simulation and measured, resulting in a prototype chip with an area of 0.11 mm2 fabricated in a 65 nm 1 V CMOS process. The fabricated charge pump was also measured together with a magnetostrictive transducer. The charge pump converted the power from the transducer to an output power of 4.2 μW at an output voltage of 2.0 V. The output power varied below 3% over a wide input frequency of 10 Hz to 100 kHz, which suggests that universal design of the clocked AC-DC charge pump can be used for transducers with different resonant frequencies. In a low-input voltage region below 0.8 V, the proposed circuit has higher output power compared with the conventional circuits.

Performance of Vibration Power Generators Using Single Crystal and Polycrystal Magnetic Cores of Fe–Ga Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Shun Fujieda ◽  
Naoki Gorai ◽  
Toru Kawamata ◽  
Rayko Simura ◽  
Tsuguo Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Magnetic Cores ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Crystal Core

The performance of a vibration power generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy was compared with that of a generator using a Fe–Ga alloy polycrystal core with a similar Ga concentration. When the generator using the polycrystal core was forcibly vibrated by 1-G acceleration, the vibration frequency dependence of the open-circuit voltage showed a peak with a maximum value of about 0.14 V at the first resonance frequency due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect. On the other hand, the generator using a single crystal core with a <100> direction parallel to the external stress direction exhibited a maximum value of about 0.26 V, about two-times larger than that of the device using the polycrystal core. Consequently, a vibration energy generator using a single crystal core of Fe–Ga alloy has advantages in performance over a generator using a polycrystal core.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Energy Harvesting Performance of a Fe-Ga Based Cantilever Harvester in Free Excitation and Base Excitation Mode

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3412
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Cong ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
In Series ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Coupling Characteristics

Vibration energy harvesting attempts to generate electricity through recycling the discarded vibration energy that is usually lost or dissipated, and represents an alternative to traditional batteries and may even lead to reliable self-powered autonomous electronic devices. Energy harvesting based on magnetostrictive materials, which takes advantage of the coupling characteristics of the Villari effect and the Faraday electromagnetic induction effect, is a recent research field of great interest. Aiming to develop a new type of magnetostrictive energy harvester using Fe-Ga alloy, which is suitable for harvesting the vibration energy from base excitations and free excitations, a Fe-Ga based cantilever harvester was proposed. The energy harvesting performance of the harvester prototype, including its resonance characteristics, open-circuit output voltage-frequency response and amplitude characteristic under base excitation, influence of external resistance, energy harvesting performance under free excitation, the function of pre-magnetization and so on was studied systematically and carefully by experiments. In terms of the volume power density, the harvester prototype without pre-magnetized magnet when in series with the optimal resistor load displays a value of 2.653 mW/cm3. The average conversion efficiency without a pre-magnetic field is about 17.7% when it is in series with a 200 resistance. The energy harvesting and converting capability can therefore be improved greatly once the Fe-Ga beam is highly pre-magnetized. The prototype successfully lit up multi-LEDs and digital display tubes, which validates the sustainable power generation capacity of the fabricated prototype.

Vibration Energy Harvesting System Based on Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2521-2524
Author(s):  
Qing Xin Zhang ◽  
Lu Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Huan Xie ◽  
Zhan Bo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
Energy Transducer

Aiming at the problem that the generation power of the vibration generator is small, which is based on current electromechanical energy transducer materials, the conventional circuit could not meet the power supply requirement of the load. First of all, the principle of vibration energy harvesting is analyzed. Furthermore, a new vibration energy harvester based on magnetically controlled shape memory alloy (MSMA) is designed, which were introducing to the intelligent power circuit. The vibration energy harvester based on MSMA solved the problem of low electromagnetic signal change and less deformation that based on other intelligent materials. Last but not least, simulation results show that the new intelligent power circuit can harvest the output power and drive the load to work. Comparing with traditional harvesting circuit, it is superior with lower power consumption and higher efficiency of energy conversion and energy harvesting.

Cathode Supported Honeycomb SOFCs for Intermediate Temperature Operation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sota Shimizu ◽  
Toshiaki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshinobu Fujishiro ◽  
Masanobu Awano
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Anode Current ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Electrical Simulation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

A novel cathode supported honeycomb SOFC for intermediate temperature operation has been developed for application as a compact power module with quick start-up and shut-down functions. In this study, effects of resistances of glass sealant and anode current collector formed on the edge face of the honeycomb on the SOFC performance was investigated using an electrical simulation and a practical electrochemical evaluation method. Open circuit voltage (OCV) for a honeycomb SOFC unit was improved with an increase in the resistance glass sealant or a decrease in anode current collector. The fabricated honeycomb SOFC showed the OCV values above 1.05 V in a temperature range of 500 to 600 °C.

scholarly journals Microstereolithography of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Springs for Vibration Energy Harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Baker ◽  
Timothy Reissman ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Kevin Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Spring Element ◽  
Constant Pitch

The inefficiency in converting low frequency vibration (6~240 Hz) to electrical energy remains a key issue for miniaturized vibration energy harvesting devices. To address this subject, this paper reports on the novel, three-dimensional micro-fabrication of spring elements within such devices, in order to achieve resonances and maximum energy conversion within these common frequencies. The process, known as projection microstereolithography, is exploited to fabricate polymer-based springs direct from computer-aided designs using digital masks and ultraviolet-curable resins. Using this process, a micro-spring structure is fabricated consisting of a two-by-two array of three-dimensional, constant-pitch helical coils made from 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Integrating the spring structure into an electromagnetic device, with a magnetic load mass of 1.236 grams, the resonance is measured at 61 Hz, which is within 2% of the theoretical model. The device provides a maximum normalized power output of 9.14 μW/G (G=9.81 ms−2) and an open circuit normalized voltage output of 621 mV/G. To the best of the authors knowledge, notable features of this work include the lowest Young’s modulus (530 MPa), density (1.011 g/cm3), and “largest feature size” (3.4 mm) for a spring element in a vibration energy harvesting device with sub-100 Hz resonance.

scholarly journals Vehicle Sensor Self-Powered Technology Research Based on Piezoelectric

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Sang Ying-Jun ◽  
Wu Shangguang ◽  
Li Man ◽  
Gao Yang ◽  
Li Haoxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vehicle Sensor

As a result of the electric vehicles popularity and the development of vehicles intelligent, the number of vehicle sensors surge, meanwhile, many defects of traditional energy supply are increasingly prominent, such as pollution and maintenance difficulties. Taking into account the vehicle vibration exist everywhere, we use the piezoelectric technology to collect vibration energy, and designs a piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system to be used to solve the energy problem of micro-power sensor. In this paper, the system structure and the theoretical model are analyzed, and the mathematical model of the system vibration frequency and the piezoelectric output have been put forward, then a piezoelectric energy harvesting device is designed on the basis of simulation analysis. Experiments have been done to test the performance of its power generation in the case of resonance. The results showed that the theoretical model proposed in this paper can be a good predictor of the output characteristics of the system. As the resonance frequency is 16.5 Hz, acceleration is 0.5g, the maximum open circuit voltage of the system obtained is 3.5 volts, the optimum load resistance is 425kΩ, and the vibration energy collection device maximum load power is 14 uW. Conclusion: Greater energy could be caught to meet the vehicle sensor power supply needs with the use of super capacitor.

scholarly journals Voltage Flip Efficiency Enhancement for Piezo Energy Harvesting

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Vincent Frick ◽  
Liana Wassouf ◽  
Ehsan Jamshidpour
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Active Rectifier ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Tiny Amount ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Conventional Counterpart

In this paper, we analyze the effect of an enhanced voltage flip technique on the power performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester. The enhanced voltage flip principle is based on a synchronized-switch-based architecture, and is referred to as FAR (Full Active Rectifier). It uses a tiny amount of the stored charge to boost the voltage flip. This work aims to demonstrate that, beside the enhanced flip efficiency, the FAR also contributes to improve the power efficiency of the harvester, especially under changing load constraint. Therefore, the paper proposes a thorough comparison between the FAR and its conventional counterpart, the Switch-only technique. The FAR is easy to implement and does not require any external inductor or capacitor. It only needs a reduced set of switches, an active diode and a simple control sequence, and can thus be implemented on a fully integrated circuit. The FAR can be used as a standalone voltage flip solution or in addition to further boost the flip efficiency in a state-of-the-art architecture such as SSHC for example. Tests were performed on a 0.35-µm process CMOS prototype IC. Experimental results revealed that the FAR extracts 19.1μW from an off-the-shelf piezoelectric transducer when the output voltage is regulated at 1V with 1 V open-circuit voltage and delivers up to 20% more power than the conventional Switch-only technique under load constraint. It also shows over 11× power efficiency improvement compared to a conventional diode-based full bridge rectifier.

Analysis of Output Voltages for Piezoelectric Cantilever Generator Based on Vibration Energy Harvesting

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Du ◽  
Jinkui Chu ◽  
Shuanghui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Preference Structure ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Open Circuit Voltages

Low level mechanical vibrations exist in many environments. The primary frequencies can spread about decades and the acceleration amplitudes of the ambient vibrations can be in the range from about 1 to 10 m/s2. Vibration energy harvesting is the promising electric power sources for micro-electric-mechanical system (MEMS). The piezoelectric cantilever model has been proved as a preference structure for vibration energy harvesting. An efficacious computational model of the vibration energy harvesting is established to predict the output of open-circuit voltages in this paper. Meanwhile, a prototype piezoelectric cantilever generator is set up. The calculated results were compared well with that of tests.

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