scholarly journals Investigating Network Coherence to Assess Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sören Podschuweit ◽  
Sascha Bernholt
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Coherence Parameter ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
Basic Network ◽  
Scientific Phenomena ◽  
And Function ◽  
Science Educators ◽  
Key Terms

Conceptual knowledge is a crucial tool for students to understand scientific phenomena. Knowledge about the structure and function of mental concepts potentially helps science educators to foster the acquisition of this tool. Specifically, the coherence of students’ mental concepts is an intensely discussed issue within the related conceptual change discourse. While former discussions focused on the question of whether these conceptions are coherent or not, recent approaches describe them as dynamic systems behaving more or less coherently in different situations. In this contribution, we captured this dynamic behavior of individual concepts by means of network analysis. Transcribed video data of 16 pairs of students working on four subsequent experiments on energy were transformed into weighted networks, which in turn were characterized by standardized coherence parameters. These coherence parameters and more basic network parameters were correlated with students’ pre-post scores of a multiple-choice test on the energy concept. We found that the coherence parameter is significantly related to the students’ test scores. Even more intense relations are indicated if networks are calculated solely based on conceptual key terms. Implications as well as methodological constraints of this approach are discussed.

Ch.1 General Provisions, Introduction to Chapter 1 of the PICC

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogenauer Stefan
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Fair Dealing ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
And Function ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Role And Function

This chapter contains three groups of ‘general provisions’ of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC). The first group deals with fundamental principles of contract law, including freedom of contract, freedom from formal requirements, the bindingness of contract, good faith and fair dealing, and the so-called ‘prohibition of inconsistent behaviour’. The second group of provisions addresses the role and function of mandatory rules and the third group deals with the application of the PICC, focusing on general guidelines for the interpretation of the various articles of the instrument; specific key terms that are used throughout the following Chapters of the PICC such as ‘court’, ‘place of business’, ‘obligor’, ‘obligee’, and ‘writing’; the role of usages and practices established between the parties; and rules for certain scenarios that may arise in various contexts if the PICC apply.

scholarly journals Understanding Early Elementary Children's Conceptual Knowledge of Plant Structure and Function through Drawings

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Anderson ◽  
Jane P. Ellis ◽  
Alan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
And Function

This study examined children's drawings to explain children's conceptual understanding of plant structure and function. The study explored whether the children's drawings accurately reflect their conceptual understanding about plants in a manner that can be interpreted by others. Drawing, survey, interview, and observational data were collected from 182 students in grades K and 1 in rural southeastern United States. Results demonstrated the children held a wide range of conceptions concerning plant structure and function. These young children held very simple ideas about plants with respect to both their structure and function. Consistent with the drawings, the interviews presented similar findings.

scholarly journals The Erinyes in Aeschylus’ Oresteia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cynthia Werner
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

<p>This dissertation explores the Erinyes’ nature and function in Aeschylus’ Oresteia. It looks at how Aeschylus conceives the Erinyes, particularly their transformation into Semnai Theai, as a central component of the Oresteia’s presentation of social, moral and religious disorder and order. The dissertation first explores the Erinyes in the poetic tradition, then discusses the trilogy’s development of the choruses, before examining the Erinyes’ / Semnai Theai’s involvement in the trilogy’s establishment of justice and order and concluding with an analysis of why Aeschylus chooses Athens (over Argos and Delphi) as the location for trilogy’s decision making and resolution. Chapter One explores the pre-Aeschylean Erinyes’ origin and primary associations in order to determine which aspects of the Erinyes / Semnai Theai are traditional and how Aeschylus innovates in the tradition. It further identifies epithets and imagery that endow the Erinyes / Semnai Theai with fearsome qualities, on the one hand, and with a beneficial, preventive function, on the other. The discussion of the development of the choruses throughout the trilogy in Chapter Two takes three components: an examination of (1) the Erinyes’ transformation from abstract goddesses to a tragic chorus, (2) from ancient spirits of vengeance and curse to Semnai Theai (i.e. objects of Athenian cult) and (3) how the choruses of Agamemnon and Choephori prefigure the Erinyes’ emergence as chorus in Eumenides. Of particular interest are the Argive elders’ and slave women’s invocations of the Erinyes, their action and influence upon events, and their uses of recurrent moral and religious ideals that finally become an integral part of the Areopagus and the cult of the Semnai Theai. The Erinyes’ / Semnai Theai’s role as objects of Athenian cult supports the institutionalised justice of the Areopagus, putting an end to private vendetta, promoting civic order and piety and rendering the city and its citizens prosperous as a result. Chapter Three explores how the Erinyes’ transformation into Semnai Theai relates to the Oresteia’s development from conflict and disorder to harmony and order. It examines a selection of the trilogy’s speech acts, emotions and attitudes, socio-religious practices and laws and their relationship to the Erinyes’ function as goddesses of vengeance and curse and objects of Athenian cult. It suggests that Athens’ reception of the Semnai Theai runs analogous with the removal of corruption and perversion from the key terms analysed in the chapter (i.e. curse and oath, fear and reverence, sacrifice, the guest-host relationship and supplication, and laws); the promotion of social, moral and religious norms that benefit the polis is integral to the Semnai Theai as objects of Athenian cult. Chapter Four examines Athens’ ability to settle differences without violence in the trilogy; it explores the polis’ capacity to resolve the trilogy’s cycle of vengeance and curse, particularly to placate the Erinyes, and relates Athens to Argos as a hegemonic city and to Delphi as Panhellenic centre of worship. The dramatic events at Athens positively represent the polis’ ideology and hegemony: addressing the social and political situation at 458BC, the trilogy’s final scenes advocate internal civic harmony, encourage alliances and metoikia, and the pursuit of imperialistic strategies to project Athens as Panhellenic leader.</p>

Epigenetics in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Nair ◽  
Akhil Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Key Terms

: Epigenetic alterations in our genetic material can lead to heritable changes in the risk, clinical manifestations, course, and the outcomes of many diseases. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms can help in identifying potential therapeutic targets. This is especially important in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), where prenatal as well as postnatal factors impact susceptibility to this devastating condition, but our therapeutic options are limited. Developmental factors affecting intestinal structure and function, our immune system, gut microbiome, and postnatal enteral nutrition are all thought to play a prominent role in this disease. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in NEC. These include key developmental changes in DNA methylation in immature intestine, role of long non coding RNA (lncRNA) in maintaining intestinal barrier function, epigenetic influences of prenatal inflammation on immunological pathways in NEC pathogenesis such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and epigenetic changes associated with enteral feeding causing upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes. We have assimilated research findings from our own laboratory with an extensive review of the literature utilizing key terms in multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE FIRST VERSION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MEASURING PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS SCIENCE CONTENT KNOWLEDGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
José Javier VERDUGO-PERONA ◽  
Joan Josep SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS ◽  
Vicente SANJOSÉ-LÓPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
External Consistency ◽  
Development And Validation

The first version of an instrument to assess science conceptual knowledge in pre-service primary teachers is elaborated and validated. A multiple-choice test with 50 items was proposed. Four content areas of science from the curriculum of Primary Education in Spain were considered: natural environment and its conservation, biological diversity, health education, and the human body, matter, and energy. A sample of 83 pre-service teachers from a Spanish university participated in the statistical validation process. Both external consistency (Test-Retest correlation) and internal consistency (Kurder-Richardson’s 20th formula) were above 0.7. Item difficulty and discrimination indices were analyzed as well as distractor election. Although some adjustments should be made, indicators suggest that the instrument is appropriate for its purpose. Furthermore, remarkable results about participants’ poor conceptual mastery and misconceptions were identified. Implications of these findings are discussed

Development of a Science Demonstration Laboratory in National University of Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
Kim Yong Lim ◽  
Chorng Haur Sow
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Science Outreach ◽  
National University ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Scientific Phenomena ◽  
Science Educators ◽  
Science Demonstration

Science demonstrations are a good way of promoting, teaching and learning science. This is provided that there exists carefully crafted “software” and communication methods to go along with the hardware. During the past few years, we have developed a Science Demonstration Laboratory at NUS aiming to play an active role in science outreach, science communication and science education. Our approach has evolved from an initial “show-and-tell” model to a more engaging “minds-on” approach where participants are consistently required to make predictions of the outcomes of scientific phenomena before witnessing the demonstrations. We also learnt that the education and development of talented science educators and communicators are crucial to ensure and project the effectiveness of a “hands-on”, “minds-on” approach to science education.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL ULA NGAN AKHIR SEMESTER GASAL MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS VIII SMP K LASTER 1 KABUPATEN BANYUMAS BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI BLOOM DUA DIMENSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Desi Afriani ◽  
Kusno Kusno
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Short Answer

This research aims to describe the composition of cognitive process and knowledge dimension of the item analysis of even final test on mathematic of the fourth grade of SMP cluster 1 Banyumas in academic year 2014/2015, to describe the quality of the even final test based on the theoretical and empirical analysis. Based on the analysis result, the composition of the cognitive process in the item consisted of cognitive process of understanding (35,14%) and applying (64,86%), the knowledge composition consisted of conceptual knowledge (35,14%) and procedural (64,86%). The analysis result of the content validity, multiple choice test, short answer, and essay with the accordingly percentages 96%, 90%, and 80% had fulfilled the criteria of good test. The analysis result of the contruct validity and face validity, multiple choice test, short answer, and essay with the accordingly percentages 92%, 90%, and 80% had fulfilled the criteria of good test. The empirical result analysis showed that the validity level of the item of multiple choice and short answer were dominant in fair category, the essay were dominant in high category, the coefficient reliability of multiple choice, short anwer question, and essay were accordingly 0,62; 0,50; 0,63, the distractor of multiple choice, short answer, and essays were dominant in fair category, the difficulty level of the multiple choice, short answer, and essay were dominant in fair category.

scholarly journals Deficits in Retention for Verbally Presented Medical Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth H. Sandberg ◽  
Ritu Sharma ◽  
Warren S. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Information Giving ◽  
Institutional Review

Background Anesthesiologists deliver large quantities of verbal information to patients during preoperative teaching. Basic principles of cognitive psychology dictate that much of this information is likely to be forgotten. Exactly how much and what type of information can be retained and recalled remains an open question. Methods With Institutional Review Board approval, 98 healthy, educated volunteers viewed a brief video containing a preoperative explanation of anesthetic options and instructions. Subjects were then asked to engage in free and cued recall of information from the video, and to complete a recognition task. We developed a coding scheme to objectively score the free and cued recall tasks for the quantity of information recalled relative to the quantity presented in the video. Data are presented as descriptive statistics. Results Subjects spontaneously recalled less than 25% of the information presented. Providing retrieval cues greatly enhanced recall: Subjects recalled 67%, on average, of the material queried in the cued recall task. Performance was even stronger on the multiple-choice test (83% of items correctly answered), indicating that the information was initially encoded. The category of information that was consistently least-remembered was presurgical medication instructions. Conclusions Under realistic conditions for recall, most medical instruction given to patients will not be recalled, even if it is initially encoded. Given the limits of short-term memory, clinicians should carefully consider their patterns of information giving. Improvement of memory performance with cues for retrieval indicates that providing printed instructions for later review may be beneficial.

scholarly journals The Erinyes in Aeschylus’ Oresteia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cynthia Werner
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

<p>This dissertation explores the Erinyes’ nature and function in Aeschylus’ Oresteia. It looks at how Aeschylus conceives the Erinyes, particularly their transformation into Semnai Theai, as a central component of the Oresteia’s presentation of social, moral and religious disorder and order. The dissertation first explores the Erinyes in the poetic tradition, then discusses the trilogy’s development of the choruses, before examining the Erinyes’ / Semnai Theai’s involvement in the trilogy’s establishment of justice and order and concluding with an analysis of why Aeschylus chooses Athens (over Argos and Delphi) as the location for trilogy’s decision making and resolution. Chapter One explores the pre-Aeschylean Erinyes’ origin and primary associations in order to determine which aspects of the Erinyes / Semnai Theai are traditional and how Aeschylus innovates in the tradition. It further identifies epithets and imagery that endow the Erinyes / Semnai Theai with fearsome qualities, on the one hand, and with a beneficial, preventive function, on the other. The discussion of the development of the choruses throughout the trilogy in Chapter Two takes three components: an examination of (1) the Erinyes’ transformation from abstract goddesses to a tragic chorus, (2) from ancient spirits of vengeance and curse to Semnai Theai (i.e. objects of Athenian cult) and (3) how the choruses of Agamemnon and Choephori prefigure the Erinyes’ emergence as chorus in Eumenides. Of particular interest are the Argive elders’ and slave women’s invocations of the Erinyes, their action and influence upon events, and their uses of recurrent moral and religious ideals that finally become an integral part of the Areopagus and the cult of the Semnai Theai. The Erinyes’ / Semnai Theai’s role as objects of Athenian cult supports the institutionalised justice of the Areopagus, putting an end to private vendetta, promoting civic order and piety and rendering the city and its citizens prosperous as a result. Chapter Three explores how the Erinyes’ transformation into Semnai Theai relates to the Oresteia’s development from conflict and disorder to harmony and order. It examines a selection of the trilogy’s speech acts, emotions and attitudes, socio-religious practices and laws and their relationship to the Erinyes’ function as goddesses of vengeance and curse and objects of Athenian cult. It suggests that Athens’ reception of the Semnai Theai runs analogous with the removal of corruption and perversion from the key terms analysed in the chapter (i.e. curse and oath, fear and reverence, sacrifice, the guest-host relationship and supplication, and laws); the promotion of social, moral and religious norms that benefit the polis is integral to the Semnai Theai as objects of Athenian cult. Chapter Four examines Athens’ ability to settle differences without violence in the trilogy; it explores the polis’ capacity to resolve the trilogy’s cycle of vengeance and curse, particularly to placate the Erinyes, and relates Athens to Argos as a hegemonic city and to Delphi as Panhellenic centre of worship. The dramatic events at Athens positively represent the polis’ ideology and hegemony: addressing the social and political situation at 458BC, the trilogy’s final scenes advocate internal civic harmony, encourage alliances and metoikia, and the pursuit of imperialistic strategies to project Athens as Panhellenic leader.</p>

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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