scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Graduate School Enrollment from Students in the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Renbarger ◽  
Alexander Beaujean
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Program ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Program Enrollment ◽  
Mcnair Program ◽  
Post Baccalaureate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graduate School Enrollment

The Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program provides higher education institutions with federal funds to increase the doctoral attainment for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. We conducted a meta-analysis of the impact of the McNair program on graduate program enrollment. After an exhaustive literature search, we found 7 publications containing 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, we found that McNair program students were almost six times as likely to enroll in a graduate program as the comparison group. Nonetheless, there was much unexplained variability in effects across studies.

scholarly journals Adjuvant HPV Vaccination to Prevent Recurrent Cervical Dysplasia after Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Violante Di Donato ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Marco Petrillo ◽  
Evangelos Kontopantelis ◽  
Innocenza Palaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to discuss evidence supporting the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in reducing the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or greater after surgical treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for studies reporting the impact of HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of CIN 2+ after surgical excision. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. In total, 21,310 patients were included: 4039 (19%) received peri-operational adjuvant HPV vaccination while 17,271 (81%) received surgery alone. The recurrence of CIN 2+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21–0.56; p < 0.0001). The recurrence of CIN 1+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.31–0.83; p = 0.006). A non-significant trend of reduction rate of HPV persistence was observed in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated cohorts (OR was 0.84; 95% CI 0.61–1.15; p = 0.28). Conclusions: HPV vaccination, in adjuvant setting, is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent CIN 1+ and CIN 2+ after surgical treatment.

P–004 Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm DNA fragmentation rates in infertile men with clinical varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tenori. Lir. Neto ◽  
M Roque ◽  
S Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study question Does varicocelectomy improve sperm DNA quality in men with infertility and clinically detected varicoceles? Summary answer Varicocelectomy reduces sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) rates in infertile men with clinical varicocele. What is known already Varicocele has been linked to male infertility through various non-mutually exclusive mechanisms, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may lead to sperm DNA damage. Damage to sperm DNA may result in longer time-to-pregnancy, unexplained infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and failed intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Therefore, interventions aimed at decreasing SDF rates, including varicocele repair, have been explored to improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes potentially, either by natural conception or using medically assisted reproduction. Study design, size, duration Systematic review and meta-analysis Participants/materials, setting, methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our systematic search included PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scielo, and Google Scholar to identify all relevant studies written in English and published from inception until October 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing SDF rates before and after varicocelectomy in infertile men with clinical varicocele. Articles were included if the following SDF assays were utilized: SCSA, TUNEL, SCD test, or alkaline Comet. Main results and the role of chance Thirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the analysis. The estimated weighted mean difference of SDF rates after varicocelectomy was –6.58% (13 studies, 95% CI –8.33%, –4.84%; I2=90% p &lt; 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant decrease in SDF rates using SCSA (eight studies, WMD –6.80%, 95% CI –9.31%, –4.28%; I2=89%, p &lt; 0.0001), and TUNEL (three studies, WMD –4.86%, 95% CI –7.38%, –2.34%; I2=89%, p &lt; 0.0001). The test for subgroup difference revealed that pooled results were conservative using the above SDF assays. Comet and SCD tests were used in only one study each; thus, a meta-analysis was not applicable. The studies were further categorized by the surgical technique (microsurgical versus non-microsurgical). This subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in SDF rates using microsurgical technique (10 studies, WMD –6.70%, 95% CI –9.04%, –4.37%; I2=91%, p &lt; 0.0001). After varicocelectomy, SDF rates were also decreased when non-microsurgical approaches were used, albeit the effect was not statistically significant (2 studies, WMD –6.84%, 95% CI –10.05%, 1.38%; I2=86%) (Figure 3). The heterogeneity was not materially affected by performing analyses by the above subgroups, suggesting that the SDF assay and surgical technique do not explain the inconsistency in the treatment effect across primary studies. Limitations, reasons for caution There were no randomized controlled trials comparing varicocelectomy to placebo for alleviating SDF levels. Heterogeneity was high, which may be explained by the low number of included studies. Pregnancy data are not available in most studies, thus the impact of reduced SDF after varicocelectomy on pregnancy rates unclear. Wider implications of the findings: Our study indicates a positive association between varicocelectomy and reduced postoperative SDF rates in men with clinical varicocele and infertility, independentetly of the assays used to measure SDF. These findings may help counsel and manage infertile men with varicocele and high SDF levels. Trial registration number Not applicable

Abstract 5133: Does Public Smoking Ban Reduce the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Michigan? A Systematic Review and Attributable Risk Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouaz Al-Mallah ◽  
Fadi Alqaisi ◽  
David Nerenz ◽  
Stephanie Boedeker ◽  
W. Douglas Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Michigan legislature is currently considering a proposal for a comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) in Michigan. The potential impact of such a law on the incidence AMI is not known. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the impact of CSB on the incidence of AMI and calculated the impact of potential CSB on the incidence of AMI in Michigan. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception till May 2008 for studies comparing the rates of AMI hospital admissions before and in the year after the implementation of CSB legislation. Of 135 potentially relevant articles screened initially, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model meta-analysis was done and between-studies heterogeneity was compared with I2. The attributable risk (AR) of CSB on AMI incidence was calculated and multiplied with the number of AMI admissions in Michigan. Results: In the published studies, a CSB was associated with a decrease in the incidence of AMI (RR 96%, 95% CI 93%–100%, p=0.05). There was no heterogeneity between the included studies (I2<50%). The AR of CSB on the incidence of AMI is −4.2%. The average number of hospital admissions for AMI as first-listed diagnosis in Michigan between 1999 and 2006 was 27,007 per year. Thus, if a CSB legislation is implemented in Michigan in 2008, the calculated reduction of hospital admissions for AMI is 1130 admissions per year as of 2009.. Conclusion: CSB is associated with a significant reduction of annual hospital admissions for AMI. The financial impact of this reduction on health care cost is yet to be determined.

Effect of home-based follow-up intervention on readmissions and mortality in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaqib H Malik ◽  
Senada S Malik ◽  
Wilbert S Aronow ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Home Based Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Aim: We investigated whether the home-based intervention (HBI) for heart failure (HF), restricted to education and support, improves readmissions or mortality compared with usual care. Patients & methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials that examined the impact of HBI in HF. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using R. Result: Total 17/409 articles (3214 patients) met our inclusion criteria. The pooled estimate showed HBI was associated with a reduction in readmission rates and mortality (22 and 16% respectively; p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis confirmed that the benefit of HBI increases significantly with a longer follow-up. Conclusion: HBI in the form of education and support significantly reduces readmission rates and improves survival of HF patients. HBI should be considered in the discharge planning of HF patients.

scholarly journals Impact of Infectious Disease Consultation in Patients With Candidemia: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Literature Review, and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Kobayashi ◽  
Alexandre R Marra ◽  
Marin L Schweizer ◽  
Patrick Ten Eyck ◽  
Chaorong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Infectious Disease Consultation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Morbidity and mortality from candidemia remain unacceptably high. While infectious disease consultation (IDC) is known to lower the mortality from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, little is known about the impact of IDC in candidemia. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of candidemia patients at a large tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2019. The crude mortality rate was compared between those with IDC and without IDC. Then, we systematically searched 5 databases through February 2020 and performed a meta-analysis of the impact of IDC on the mortality of patients with candidemia. Results A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria, 129 (85%) of whom received IDC. Thirty-day and 90-day mortality rates were significantly lower in the IDC group (18% vs 50%; P = .002; 23% vs 50%; P = .0022, respectively). A systematic literature review returned 216 reports, of which 13 studies including the present report fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among the 13 studies with a total of 3582 patients, IDC was performed in 50% of patients. Overall mortality was 38.2% with a significant difference in favor of the IDC group (28.4% vs 47.6%), with a pooled relative risk of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.35–0.49). Ophthalmology referral, echocardiogram, and central line removal were performed more frequently among patients receiving IDC. Conclusions This study is the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between IDC and candidemia mortality. IDC was associated with significantly lower mortality and should be considered in all patients with candidemia.

Impact of Thrombophilia On Arterial Ischemic Stroke or Cerebral Venous Sinus Thromboses in Children: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3993-3993
Author(s):  
Lisa K Lütkhoff ◽  
Manuela Albisetti ◽  
Timothy J. Bernard ◽  
Mariana Bonduel ◽  
Leonardo R. Brandao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Off Label ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 3993 Poster Board III-929 Background The incidence of stroke in children is estimated at about 2.6 per 100,000 per year. Risk factors include congenital heart malformations, trauma, hemolytic anemias, collagen tissue diseases, inborn metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Apart from acquired thrombophilic risk factors, such as the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, inherited thrombophilias (IT) have been found to be associated with stroke in infants and children. However, results of single studies on the risk of stroke onset associated with IT have been contradictory or inconclusive, mainly due to lack of statistical power. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of thrombophilia (IT) on risk of childhood stroke via meta-analysis of published observational studies. Methods and Results A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2009 was conducted using key words in combination both as MeSH terms and text words. Citations were independently screened by two authors and those meeting the a priori defined inclusion criteria were retained. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of patients/controls, ethnicity, stroke type (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS]; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [CSVT]) were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Twenty-one of 185 references found met inclusion criteria. 1698 patients (AIS: 1291; CSVT: 407) and 2913 controls aged neonate to 18 years were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. A statistically significant association with stroke onset was demonstrated for each IT trait evaluated, with no difference found between AIS (table) and CSVT. Summary ORs/CIs (random-effects model) for AIS & CSVT cohorts were as follows: Protein C-deficiency (8.76/4.53-16.96), FV G1691A (3.34/2.66-4.26), FII G20210A (2.50/1.67-3.74), MTHFR T677T (1.61/1.21-2.14), antiphospholipid antibodies (5.84/3.06-11.18), elevated lipoprotein (a) (6.24/4.51-8.64), and combined ITs (8.85/3.32-23.57). Carrier rates reported for antithrombin- or protein S deficiency among patients were 1.5% and 1.6% as compared with 0.06% (p<0.001) and 0.4% (p=0.003) in healthy controls. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicates that IT serve as risk factors for incident stroke. However, the impact of IT upon outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated. Disclosures: Manco-Johnson: Baxter BioScience: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; NovoNordisk: Honoraria; Octapharma: Honoraria. Off Label Use: Enoxaparin (LMWH) is used off-label in children to prevent symptomatic thromboembolism.

scholarly journals The Use of the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Technique for the Health Science Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Shakerian ◽  
Zohreh Khoshgoftar ◽  
Elahe Rezayof ◽  
Maryam Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Jigsaw Method ◽  
The Impact

Context: Given the importance of learning from both cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of development in medical science education, the selection of appropriate educational strategies is a key structural issue. The jigsaw method is used in cooperative learning to improve cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the status of the jigsaw method as a cooperative learning technique. Methods: This was a review and meta-analysis, in which relevant studies were identified through electronic database searching using specific keywords. The inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were experimental and quasi-experimental studies. The intervention involved the comparison of the jigsaw method to other methods, and various cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes were assessed. The meta-analysis to determine the summary estimation using comprehensive meta-analysis software was performed using the fixed model method. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated based on the I2 index. Results: From the extracted studies (n = 682) with various stages of investigation in the target databases and exclusion of the repetitive cases, 10 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and seven articles with common outcomes were selected for the meta-analysis. The summary estimate of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.07 - 1.51) was calculated, and many outcomes were individually interpreted. Conclusions: The national literature review indicated that the jigsaw method is rarely used in medical education. Considering the impact of this approach on cognitive and non-cognitive skills, the necessary cooperative learning approaches should be developed in the medical education system.

Effect of rosiglitazone on circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight clinical trials

2020 ◽  
pp. jim-2020-001588
Author(s):  
Ziba Majidi ◽  
Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani ◽  
Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Sara Tutunchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact

Patients with type 2 diabetes have high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and clinical data suggest a reducing effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on the level of MDA in these patients. However, the results of available studies on the level of MDA in RSG-treated patients are not univocal. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of RSG on the level of MDA. We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for related controlled trials until July 2020. Eligible studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Extracted data from each study were combined using a random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. Eight trials with 456 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The results significantly showed the reducing effect of RSG on circulating MDA level (−0.47 μmol/mL; 95% CI −0.93 to −0.01; p=0.04; I2=82.1%; p heterogeneity=0.00) in individuals with T2D. No publication bias was observed with Begg’s rank correlation (p=0.71) and Egger’s linear regression (p=0.52) tests. Subgroup analyses showed that an intervention dose of 8 mg/day in serum samples was found to have a reducing effect on the level of MDA (−0.56 μmol/mL; 95% CI −0.98 to −0.14; p=0.008; I2=11.4%; p heterogeneity=0.32). Random-effects meta-regression did not show any significant association between the level of MDA and potential confounders including RSG dose, treatment duration, and sex. In conclusion, we found a significant reduction in MDA concentration in subjects with T2D who received a dose of 8 mg of RSG daily.

P1908Left common pulmonary vein in atrial fibrillation ablation with cryoballoon. A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Gionti ◽  
M C Negro ◽  
M Longobardi ◽  
C Storti
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cryoballoon Ablation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Af Ablation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Pulmonary Vein

Abstract Background Conflicting results regarding the impact of left common pulmonary (LCPV) vein on clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation with cryoballoon technology have been reported. In the present study, we sought to investigate the performance of the 28 mm cryoballoon advance (CB-A) on left common pulmonary vein (LCPV) in terms of post procedural outcome. Methods We systematically searched on PubMed and Cochrane library for the articles that compared the recurrence rate of AF after cryoballoon ablation between patients with four separate and distinct pulmonary vein ostia and with LCPV. Results A total of 5 studies with 1052 patients met our predefined inclusion criteria. Recurrence of AF after CB-A ablation was similar in both groups (Log OR 0.45; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.94; I=48%, p=0.08), Fig 1. Figure 1 Conclusion LCPV doesn't affect clinical outcome of AF ablation with cryoballoon technology.

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