scholarly journals The “Hockey” Assist Makes the Difference—Validation of a Defensive Disruptiveness Model to Evaluate Passing Sequences in Elite Soccer

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Leander Forcher ◽  
Matthias Kempe ◽  
Stefan Altmann ◽  
Leon Forcher ◽  
Alexander Woll
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Position Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Performance

With the growing availability of position data in sports, spatiotemporal analysis in soccer is a topic of rising interest. The aim of this study is to validate a performance indicator, namely D-Def, measuring passing effectiveness. D-Def calculates the change of the teams’ centroid, centroids of formation lines (e.g., defensive line), teams’ surface area, and teams’ spread in the following three seconds after a pass and therefore results in a measure of disruption of the opponents’ defense following a pass. While this measure was introduced earlier, in this study we aim to prove the usefulness to evaluate attacking sequences. In this study, 258 games of Dutch Eredivisie season 2018/19 were included, resulting in 13,094 attacks. D-Def, pass length, pass velocity, and pass angle of the last four passes of each attack were calculated and compared between successful and unsuccessful attacks. D-Def showed higher values for passes of successful compared to unsuccessful attacks (0.001 < p ≤ 0.029, 0.06 ≤ d ≤ 0.23). This difference showed the highest effects sizes in the penultimate pass (d = 0.23) and the maximal D-Def value of an attack (d = 0.23). Passing length (0.001 < p ≤ 0.236, 0.08 ≤ d ≤ 0.17) and passing velocity (0.001 < p ≤ 0.690, −0.09 ≤ d ≤ 0.12) showed inconsistent results in discriminating between successful and unsuccessful attacks. The results indicate that D-Def is a useful indicator for the measurement of pass effectiveness in attacking sequences, highlighting that successful attacks are connected to disruptive passing. Within successful attacks, at least one high disruptive action (pass with D-Def > 28) needs to be present. In addition, the penultimate pass (“hockey assist”) of an attack seems crucial in characterizing successful attacks.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydraulic Gradient and Clay Type on Permeability of Clay Mineral Materials

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Masanori Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mineral Type

Considering the relevance of clay mineral-bearing geomaterials in landslide/mass movement hazard assessment, various engineering projects for resource development, and stability evaluation of underground space utilization, it is important to understand the permeability of these clay mineral-based geomaterials. However, only a few quantitative data have been reported to date regarding the effects of the clay mineral type and hydraulic gradient on the permeability of clay mineral materials. This study was conducted to investigate the permeability of clay mineral materials based on the clay mineral type, under different hydraulic gradient conditions, through a constant-pressure permeability test. Comparative tests have revealed that the difference in the types of clay mineral influences the swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity. In addition, it has been found that the difference in water pressure (hydraulic gradient) affects the hydraulic conductivity of clay mineral materials. The hydraulic conductivity has been found to be closely associated with the specific surface area of the clay mineral material. Furthermore, the hydraulic conductivity value measured is almost consistent with the value calculated theoretically using the Kozeny–Carman equation. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity is also found to be closely associated with the hydrogen energy, calculated from the consistency index of clay. This result suggests that the hydraulic conductivity of clay mineral materials can be estimated based on the specific surface area and void ratio, or consistency index of clay.

scholarly journals 520 Weight-based vs. BSA-based Fluid Resuscitation Predictions in Pediatric Burn Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S107
Author(s):  
Jan V Stevens ◽  
Nina Prieto ◽  
Elika Ridelman ◽  
Justin D Klein ◽  
Christina M Shanti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parkland Formula ◽  
Total Fluid

Abstract Introduction Current practice for major pediatric burns includes fluid resuscitation using formulas that estimate fluid requirements based on weight and/or body surface area (BSA) along with percent total burn surface area (TBSA). Adult studies have shown that these formulas can cause fluid overload in obese patients and increase risk of complications. These findings have not been validated in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate whether a weight-based resuscitation formula increases the risk of complications in obese children following burn injuries and compares fluid estimates to those that incorporate BSA. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 110 children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to an ABA-verified urban pediatric burn center from October 2008 to May 2020. Patients had ≥15% TBSA, were resuscitated with the weight-based Parkland formula, and had fluids titrated to urine output every two hours (1 ml/kg/hr if ≤ 30kg; 0.5 ml/kg/hr if &gt; 30kg). Demographics, burn type, and TBSA were collected on admission. BSA-based Galveston and BSA-incorporated Cincinnati formula resuscitation predictions were also calculated. Output and input volumes were collected at 8h and 24h post-injury. Complications were collected throughout the hospital stay. Patients were classified into CDC-defined weight groups based on percentile ranges. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 10.0. Results This study included 11 underweight, 60 normal weight, 18 overweight, and 21 obese children. Our patients had a mean age-based weight CDC percentile of 62.2%, and mean TBSA of 25.4%. Predicted resuscitation volumes increased as CDC percentile increased for all three formulas (p=0.033, 0.092, 0.038), however there were no significant differences between overweight and obese children. Total fluid administered was higher as CDC percentile increased (p=0.023). However, overweight children received more total fluid than obese children. The difference between total fluids given and Galveston predicted resuscitation volumes were significant across all groups (p=0.042); however, the difference using the Parkland and Cincinnati formulas were not statistically significant. There were more children in the normal weight group who developed complications compared to other groups, but these findings were not significant. Conclusions The Parkland formula tended to underpredict fluid needs in the underweight, normal weight, and overweight children, and it overpredicted fluid needs for the obese. Further research is needed to determine the value of weight-based vs BSA-based or incorporated formulas in terms of their risk of complications.

scholarly journals Correlation between clinical risk factors and tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with Pierre-Robin syndrome: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Jiashuo Wang ◽  
Shan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pierre Robin Syndrome ◽  
Intubation Difficulty ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pierre Robin

Abstract Background: Difficult tracheal intubation is a problem commonly encountered by anesthesiologists in the clinic. Methods: In this retrospective study, case-level clinical data and computed tomography images of 96 infants with Pierre-Robin syndrome were included in the analysis. First, computed tomography images were labeled by a clinically experienced physician. Then color space conversion, binarization, contour acquisition, and area calculation processing were performed on the annotated files. Finally, we calculated the correlation coefficient between the seven clinical factors and tracheal intubation difficulty, and the difference in each risk factor under tracheal intubation difficulty. Results: The absolute value of the correlation coefficient between throat area and tracheal intubation difficulty is 0.54, and the difference of throat area under tracheal intubation difficulty is significant. Body surface area, weight and gender also show significant difference under tracheal intubation difficulty. Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between throat area and tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with Pierre-Robin syndrome. Body surface area, weight and gender may have an impact on tracheal intubation difficulty in infants with Pierre-Robin syndrome.

Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Pemahaman Konsep Bangun Ruang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Arif Muchyidin ◽  
Lefi Nurlatif ◽  
Indah Nursuprianah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Understanding Pictures ◽  
Area And Volume

The purpose of this study is to describe 8th-grade students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems and their causal factors. This is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the research, students’ misconceptions in solving surface area and volume of beam and cube problems are misconceptions on the concept of a beam, misconceptions on the concept of the cube, misconceptions on the concept of prerequisite material, misconceptions on unit comprehension, misconceptions on the understanding of meaning, and misconceptions on sign and number operations. While the causal factors of misconception are students’ assumptions about the lack of importance of concepts so students only memorize formulas, students are not able to associate one concept with other concepts, lack of understanding concepts in prerequisite material, misunderstanding the meaning of words in a problem, students have difficulty understanding pictures., misunderstanding the difference in the size of area and length.

Building a performance indicator to investigate the robustness of water supply utilities in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yusuke Maeno ◽  
Tatsuo Oyama ◽  
M.L.U.K. Piyasena ◽  
Yuji Kawase
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
A Performance

Effects of Carbonation on the Specific Surface BET of Cement Mortar Measured by Two Different Methods: Nitrogen Adsorption and Water Adsorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Tung Pham ◽  
William Prince
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The objective of this work was to examine the microstructural changes caused by the carbonation of normal mortar. Samples were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation at 20°C, 65% relative humidity and 20% CO2concentration. The evolutions of the pore size distribution and the specific surface area during carbonation were calculated from the adsorption - desorption isotherms of water vapour and nitrogen. Conflicts observed in the results showed that the porous domains explored by these two methods are not the same due to the difference in molecular sizes of nitrogen and water. These two techniques therefore help to complementarily evaluate the effects of carbonation. The study also helped to explain why results in the literature diverge greatly on the influence of carbonation on specific surface area.

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