scholarly journals Measuring and Controlling Bias for Some Bayesian Inferences and the Relation to Frequentist Criteria

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Michael Evans ◽  
Yang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Bayesian Inferences ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Estimation Problems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measuring Bias ◽  
Apparent Conflict

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in favor. Based upon the principle of evidence, it is shown how to measure and control these biases for both hypothesis assessment and estimation problems. Optimality results are established for the principle of evidence as the basis of the approach to these problems. A close relationship is established between measuring bias in Bayesian inferences and frequentist properties that hold for any proper prior. This leads to a possible resolution to an apparent conflict between these approaches to statistical reasoning. Frequentism is seen as establishing figures of merit for a statistical study, while Bayes determines the inferences based upon statistical evidence.

Operational Space Inertia for Closed-Chain Robotic Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Jain
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Operational Space ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Space Modeling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Rich ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
And Control

Operational space modeling and control are important techniques for robot manipulation. A key element of operational space control is the operational space inertia matrix (OSIM). The OSIM matrix represents a mapping between end-effector spatial forces and spatial accelerations and is configuration-dependent. In the case of multiple end-effectors, the OSIM also encapsulates the dynamics cross coupling between the end-effectors. The rich structure of the OSIM for tree systems has been exploited by researchers for analysis and the development of low-order computational algorithms. Extending such techniques to the OSIM for closed-chain robotic systems is the focus of this short paper. We derive explicit analytical expressions for the closed-chain OSIM that reveals its close relationship to an extended tree-system OSIM.

Statistical Study and Cause Analysis on Car Fires

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 1449-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Liang Yi ◽  
Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
And Control

Based on statistical data of domestic and foreign fire accidents of passenger cars, positions of fire sources and igniting causes of car fires were studied. Fires causes were classified to five types in which electrical failures and mechanical failures were considered as the most common issues leading to fire. According to the cause analysis, relevant countermeasures were proposed to prevent and control fire of cars, which can be referenced for safe design by vehicle factories.

scholarly journals Beberapa Permasalahan dalam Pelaksanaan Reformasi Agraria di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Erizal Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rural Elders

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The fact that a close relationship exist between farmlands and agricultural activities bring about a consequence that efforts for improving farmers welfare cannot be based only on technological and institutional improvement. The improvement in farmers' access to farmlands will mostly determine the success of increasing the living standard of the rural society as a whole. The problem to be faced at present a however, that farmlands tend to be increasingly limited, due to competition with other uses of lands, whereas people working in the sector of agriculture is steadily, and absolutely increasing, resulting in an increasingly limited average proprietorship and control of land. This unfavourable condition could be attributed to the accumulated improper implementation of the development strategy which was not fully inclined to agriculture, by issuing various acts and regulations that enhance investors in having access to lands, including farmlands and lands under control of rural elders by tradition. Agrarian reform with the target to improve farmers' access to farmlands should be commenced by reforming the aforementioned acts and regulations. This in turn should be accompanied by improving the data base related to the status of lands which is presently in a chaostic condition, due to the multiplicity of institution handling the problems related to land status, which has created the main obstacle in implementing the agrarian reform in Indonesia. A political commitment of the government and legislative institutions is urgently needed for this purpose.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Eratnya keterkaitan lahan dengan kegiatan pertanian menyebabkan upaya perbaikan kesejahteraan petani tidak cukup hanya melalui perbaikan teknologi dan kelembagaan yang terkait dengan proses produksi, perbaikan akses petani terhadap lahan akan banyak menentukan keberhasilan upaya perbaikan kehidupan masyarakat pedesaan secara keseluruhan. Misalnya sekarang, lahan pertanian cenderung makin terbatas karena harus berkompetisi untuk berbagai penggunaan, sementara orang yang bekerja di pertanian secara absolut terus bertambah sehingga menyebabkan rata-rata pemilik dan penguasaan lahan semakin sempit. kondisi ini merupakan akibat dari akumulasi kesalahan di dalam penerapan kebijaksanaan pembangunan yang kurang berpihak pada pertanian, dengan dikeluarkannya sebagai undang-undang dan peraturan yang memudahkan investor untuk mendapatkan lahan, termasuk lahan pertanian dan hak ulayak masyarakat adat. Upaya reformasi agraria, dengan sasaran memperbaiki akses petani terhadap lahan, perlu di awali dengan mereformasi berbagai peraturan/perundangan yang ada. Upaya ini seharusnya dilakukan bersamaan dengan perbaikan terhadap basis data yang berkaitan dengan lahan, karena masih simpang-siurnya data dan banyaknya instansi yang menangani persoalan lahan, dan ini merupakan hambatan utama dalam pelaksanaan reformasi agraria di Indonesia. Agar upaya ini dapat terlaksanakan dibutuhkan political comitment dari pemerintah dan pihak legislatif tentang pentingnya reformasi agraria ini.</p>

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates collected from sheep, goats and cattle in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Kibet Kipyegen ◽  
Charles I. Muleke ◽  
Elick O. Otachi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
And Control

Abstract Fasciolosis is a neglected trematode infection of public health and veterinary importance caused by Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacers’ ITS-1 and ITS-2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA is useful in distinguishing Fasciola species. This study aimed to characterize liver flukes from sheep, goats and cattle using these genetic markers. Fifty nine adult Fasciola specimens were collected from livers of naturally infected sheep, goats and cattle at selected abattoirs in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties. Sequence comparison of ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences of Fasciola isolates from this study and sequences in Genbank was carried out. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed for phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA sequences revealed that F. hepatica and F. gigantica caused infection in both cattle and sheep and in goats only F. gigantica caused infection. The sequenced PCR amplicons showed a close relationship between Fasciola species in this study with Fasciola isolates from other regions in the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences of F. hepatica are similar to the sequence from Spain, China and Tunisia obtained from GenBank. The sequences of F. gigantica in this study have similarity to the sequence from Iran and Burkina Faso. Data from this study provides information that serves as basis for further studies on the distribution of F. gigantica and F. hepatica in other localities in Kenya, and is also important in designing epidemiological and control programmes for zoonotic fascioliasis.

SOLUTION OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL EVILS PREVENTION AND FIGHTING SKILLS FOR STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN BAO LOC CITY, LAM DONG PROVINCE IN THE CURRENT 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Thùy Phương
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Class Time ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Integrated Classroom ◽  
And Control

Education of social evils prevention skills for students at high schools in Bao Loc city, Lam Dong province in recent years has been implemented and implemented with the best results. High schools organized through integrated classroom subjects; through out-of-class-time educational activities…Students were initially equipped with basic knowledge and skills on social evils prevention and control. However, the effectiveness of educational activities has not been as expected, the applicability is still low, the participation of the coordinating forces is lack of consistency and coherence, somewhere in the educational environment is not the safety and health real for students. Based on the principles of proposing solutions, the author has proposed 6 educational management solutions for social evils prevention skills for students in high schools in Bao Loc city, Lam Dong province. in the current industrial revolution 4.0. These solutions all have a close relationship, mutual impact are suitable with the actual conditions of the schools and are appreciated through the testing process.

scholarly journals Movement Remote Command and Control in the Military Technical Systems through the Inferential Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Dumitru Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
Alternative Current ◽  
Adequate Design

Abstract The research described in the paper at had approaches the interaction between the bio-signal and the remote movement control, by introducing an original mathematical model, regarding the psychophysiological inference from the EDA response bio-signals. The experiments were performed using an adequate design, consisting of two different techniques regarding bio-signals, in order to obtain, in variables corresponding to each of them, the same type of electrical behaviour. In order to establish the projective functions, a direct measurement method was used on the levels of potential in the epidermis’s alternative current, of base-(SPL) and response-type (SPR), the acquisition being executed with an integrated technical system, patented by the author in year 2013. The statistical study targets the correlation analysis of the action of multiple stimuli on the EDA functions, respectively the analysis of the multiple correlations between the EEG and EDA patterns. Necessary in sending the remote command and control of a movement, this correlation in the electrical signal can be implemented in the BCI-type systems, offering superior possibilities of using the bio-feedback systems.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of porcine parvovirus in Hunan province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (08) ◽  
pp. 6420-2020
Author(s):  
DUN ZHAO ◽  
MEIJUN YAN ◽  
XINGLONG YU
Keyword(s):  
Hunan Province ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered one of the most important infectious agents of reproductive failure in sows. Little information, however, is available on its prevalence in healthy fattening pigs. Therefore, in the present study, 197 fecal swabs, 197 nasal swabs, 389 serum samples, and 310 lung samples were collected from pigs aged 10-25 weeks across Hunan, China, and tested for the presence of PPV. PPV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating an overall positivity rate of 7.69%, with a particularly high infection rate of 22.90% in the lungs. A total of five PPV strains (PPV-HuN1-5) were isolated on the basis of cytopathic effects in swine testicular cells, and the near-complete genomes were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis with reference to reported PPV sequences in GenBank. The five Hunan isolates showed a close relationship with each other and predominantly with reported European PPV strains. Moreover, seven amino acid substitutions were detected within the coding region of the VP2 of PPV-HuNs when compared with that of the Chinese vaccine strain PPV-NJ. The relatively high prevalence of PPV discovered in healthy fattening pigs despite a long-term vaccination program in China, highlights the need for improved prevention, monitoring, and control of related diseases in herds.

scholarly journals Re-Evaluating The Underlying Premises Of Free Market Privatization In Current Dispensation

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlington C. Richards ◽  
Gladson I. Nwanna
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Alternative Assumption ◽  
Apparent Conflict

The contextual framework or policy orthodoxy persuading the implementation of privatization was the prevalent thinking that economic systems functioned best in a “free market”, with little or no government intervention. In the same vein was the belief that a more productive allocation and rationalization of factors of production will dictate a wholesale transfer from public to private sector of the ownership and control of productive assets, their allocation and pricing, including the residual profits flowing from them. The most effective vehicle for such implementation of free market privatization was adjudged to be unfettered deregulation. To the extent that it enabled the untangling of bureaucratic impediments to the inflow and retention of capital to the countries by way of foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment (PI), including the repatriation of resultant profits, it was a welcome outcome. Unfettered deregulation, as clearly manifested in recent years, particularly in well-known developed economies, appears to have produced an outcome substantially inconsistent with the traditional suppositions, begging the obvious question in the minds of academicians and policymakers alike. Where to, from here? The answer to the apparent conflict and/or contradiction is more urgent in the developing and emerging economies where privatization, and in a broader sense, the ideas and practices based on free market principles and on free market prescriptions have been promoted and sold as sacrosanct, if not necessary for their economic growth and survival. Given the current state of the global financial market which, at best, can be said to be in a state of flux, and the myriads of supposedly economic development initiatives invoking the likes of privatization  and deregulation, we are tempted to ask the following questions:  Are there any fixes? Could there be better, more accommodating alternative assumption(s), doctrine(s) or paradigm(s)?

Variance of the sum of independent quantum computing errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15&16) ◽  
pp. 1294-1312
Author(s):  
Jesus Lacalle ◽  
Luis Miguel Pozo Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
General Quantum ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

The sum of quantum computing errors is the key element both for the estimation and control of errors in quantum computing and for its statistical study. In this article we analyze the sum of two independent quantum computing errors, X_1 and X_2, and we obtain the formula of the variance of the sum of these errors: V(X_1+X_2)=V(X_1)+V(X_2)-\frac{V(X_1)V(X_2)}{2}. We conjecture that this result holds true for general quantum computing errors and we prove the formula for independent isotropic quantum computing errors.

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