scholarly journals Toy Models of Top Down Causation

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kent
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Property Dualism ◽  
Material Physics

Models in which causation arises from higher level structures as well as from microdynamics may be relevant to unifying quantum theory with classical physics or general relativity. They also give a way of defining a form of panprotopsychist property dualism, in which consciousness and material physics causally affect one another. I describe probabilistic toy models based on cellular automata that illustrate possibilities and difficulties with these ideas.

Quantum theory and the General Theory of Relativity

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
A. J. Kox ◽  
H. F. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Radiation Theory ◽  
Einstein’S General Relativity

Chapter 8 describes, in terms that are accessible to a general audience, the development of quantum theory and general relativity in the first decades of the twentieth century and in particular Lorentz’s contributions to these theories. Among other topics, it discusses radiation theory, the work of Max Planck, the work of Einstein, and the work of Niels Bohr. These scientific developments eventually led to the end of classical physics. Special attention is paid to Lorentz’s acceptance of Einstein’s general relativity.

Meaning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Healey
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Quantum Fields ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Physical Context

Novel quantum concepts acquire content not by representing new beables but through material-inferential relations between claims about them and other claims. Acceptance of quantum theory modifies other concepts in accordance with a pragmatist inferentialist account of how claims acquire content. Quantum theory itself introduces no new beables, but accepting it affects the content of claims about classical magnitudes and other beables unknown to classical physics: the content of a magnitude claim about a physical object is a function of its physical context in a way that eludes standard pragmatics but may be modeled by decoherence. Leggett’s proposed test of macro-realism illustrates this mutation of conceptual content. Quantum fields are not beables but assumables of a quantum theory we use to make claims about particles and non-quantum fields whose denotational content may also be certified by models of decoherence.

Between general relativity and quantum theory

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1093
Author(s):  
Jerzy Rayski
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory

scholarly journals STEPHEN HAWKING: SPACE, TIME AND QUANTA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Carfora
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Stephen Hawking

A brief introduction to the scientic work of Stephen Hawking and to his contributions to our understanding of the interplay between general relativity and quantum theory.

“Prehistoric” Quantum Gravity

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-70
Author(s):  
Dean Rickles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Philosophical Nature

In this chapter we examine the very earliest work on the problem of quantum gravity (understood very liberally). We show that, even before the concept of the quantization of the gravitational field in 1929, there was a fairly lively investigation of the relationships between gravity and quantum stretching as far back as 1916, and certainly no suggestion that such a theory would not be forthcoming. Indeed, there are, rather, many suggestions explicitly advocating that an integration of quantum theory and general relativity (or gravitation, at least) is essential for future physics, in order to construct a satisfactory foundation. We also see how this belief was guided by a diverse family of underlying agendas and constraints, often of a highly philosophical nature.

Determinism and indeterminism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Determinism And Indeterminism

Over the centuries, the doctrine of determinism has been understood, and assessed, in different ways. Since the seventeenth century, it has been commonly understood as the doctrine that every event has a cause; or as the predictability, in principle, of the entire future. To assess the truth of determinism, so understood, philosophers have often looked to physical science; they have assumed that their current best physical theory is their best guide to the truth of determinism. It seems that most have believed that classical physics, especially Newton’s physics, is deterministic. And in this century, most have believed that quantum theory is indeterministic. Since quantum theory has superseded classical physics, philosophers have typically come to the tentative conclusion that determinism is false. In fact, these impressions are badly misleading. The above formulations of determinism are unsatisfactory. Once we use a better formulation, we see that there is a large gap between the determinism of a given physical theory, and the bolder, vague idea that motivated the traditional formulations: the idea that the world in itself is deterministic. Admittedly, one can make sense of this idea by adopting a sufficiently bold metaphysics; but it cannot be made sense of just by considering determinism for physical theories. As regards physical theories, the traditional impression is again misleading. Which theories are deterministic turns out to be a subtle and complicated matter, with many open questions. But broadly speaking, it turns out that much of classical physics, even much of Newton’s physics, is indeterministic. Furthermore, the alleged indeterminism of quantum theory is very controversial: it enters, if at all, only in quantum theory’s account of measurement processes, an account which remains the most controversial part of the theory.

scholarly journals Black Holes and Wormholes in Extended Gravity

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Alexeyev ◽  
Maxim Sendyuk
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Astrophysical Data ◽  
Effective Gravity ◽  
Extended Gravity ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Hawking Evaporation

We discuss black hole type solutions and wormhole type ones in the effective gravity models. Such models appear during the attempts to construct the quantum theory of gravity. The mentioned solutions, being, mostly, the perturbative generalisations of well-known ones in general relativity, carry out additional set of parameters and, therefore could help, for example, in the studying of the last stages of Hawking evaporation, in extracting the possibilities for the experimental or observational search and in helping to constrain by astrophysical data.

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