scholarly journals Optimization of the Casualties’ Treatment Process: Blended Military Experiment

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Jan Hodický ◽  
Dalibor Procházka ◽  
Roman Jersák ◽  
Petr Stodola ◽  
Jan Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Simulation Paradigm ◽  
Decision Making Processes

At the battalion level, NATO ROLE1 medical treatment command focuses on the provision of primary health care being the very first physician and higher medical equipment intervention for casualty treatments. ROLE1 has paramount importance in casualty reductions, representing a complex system in current operations. This study deals with an experiment on the optimization of ROLE1 according to the key parameters of the numbers of physicians, the number of ambulances and the distance between ROLE1 and the current battlefield. The very first step in this study is to design and implement a model of current battlefield casualties. The model uses friction data generated from an already executed computer assisted exercise (CAX) while employing a constructive simulation to produce offense and defense scenarios on the flow of casualties. The next step in the study is to design and implement a model representing the transportation to ROLE1, its structure and behavior. The deterministic model of ROLE1, employing a system dynamics simulation paradigm, uses the previously generated casualty flows as the inputs representing human decision-making processes through the recorder CAX events. A factorial experimental design for the ROLE1 model revealed the recommended variants of the ROLE1 structure for both offensive and defensive operations. The overall recommendation is for the internal structure of ROLE1 to have three ambulances and three physicians for any kind of current operation and any distance between ROLE1 and the current battlefield within the limit of 20 min. This study provides novelty in the methodology of casualty estimations involving human decision-making factors as well as the optimization of medical treatment processes through experimentation with the process model.

Rxpert: A Prototype Expert System for Formulary Decision Making

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne L. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making

OBJECTIVE: RXPERT, a prototype, computer-based, expert system that models the decision-making processes for an ambulatory (non-hospital) formulary, is described as an example of how expert systems may be used to support pharmacy decision making. Basic information about expert-system technology is provided through this example. BACKGROUND: Computer-assisted decision making is becoming an important and accepted aspect of complex, health-related decisions. Because expert-system support may become an integral component of future, complex, pharmacy decision making, it is important for pharmacists to become familiar with this technology and its possibilities for supporting pharmacy decisions. METHOD: Expert systems offer the potential advantages of making the human decision-making process explicit, more consistent, easily duplicated in many locations simultaneously, and easy to update and document. Although an expert system is seldom intended to replace human decision makers, it can provide valuable support for complex, multivariable decisions. Typical knowledge-acquisition and knowledge-engineering techniques, as well as the characteristics and structure of expert systems, are described, relative to the development of the RXPERT prototype. CONCLUSIONS: Although RXPERT is not yet in use, the process for using an expert system to support an individual committee member's personal assessment of a drug product is described. Decision-support expert systems are potentially useful to pharmacists in complex decision-making tasks.

Certified Patient Decision Aids: Solving Persistent Problems with Informed Consent Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Mason Pope
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Patient Decision Aids ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The legal doctrine of informed consent has overwhelmingly failed to assure that the medical treatment patients get is the treatment patients want. This Article describes and defends an ongoing shift toward shared decision making processes incorporating the use of certified patient decision aids.

scholarly journals An analysis of systemic thinking in decision-making processes in the municipalities within the province of KwaZulu-Natal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-547
Author(s):  
Mbuyiseni Goodlife Ntuli ◽  
Lawrence Mpela Lekhanya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Decision Making Model

This paper advocates the adoption of systemic thinking in decision-making processes in municipalities. Most importantly, in this epoch of managing in complex and thought-provoking business environment, decision making is one of the most important skills required by any manager to remain effective. The success of a municipality or any business hinges on how well decisions are taken and implemented. In this paper, I intend to scrutinize decision making processes at strategic management levels in the municipalities within the province of KwaZulu-Natal. In doing that, a mixed method approach of qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted in gathering data from sixty-one municipalities within the province of KwaZulu-Natal. This was done in order to substantiate theoretical perspectives from different erudite scholars on the discourse of systemic thinking in decision making processes. This notion of systemic thinking is coined upon the universally used rational decision making process model. Thus, the conceptualization of rational decision-making model was also considered in this paper, the possibility of decision failure, the complexity of the municipality, and systemic thinking as the recommended option of dealing with complexity was explored. The results indicates that the theory that underpins the adoption of systemic thinking in dealing with complexity today’s business environment is relevant.

scholarly journals Using a coupled agent-based modeling approach to analyze the role of risk perception in water management decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 2261-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Hyun ◽  
Shih-Yu Huang ◽  
Yi-Chen Ethan Yang ◽  
Vincent Tidwell ◽  
Jordan Macknick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
San Juan River ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Engineered Systems

Abstract. Managing water resources in a complex adaptive natural–human system is a challenge due to the difficulty of modeling human behavior under uncertain risk perception. The interaction between human-engineered systems and natural processes needs to be modeled explicitly with an approach that can quantify the influence of incomplete/ambiguous information on decision-making processes. In this study, we two-way coupled an agent-based model (ABM) with a river-routing and reservoir management model (RiverWare) to address this challenge. The human decision-making processes is described in the ABM using Bayesian inference (BI) mapping joined with a cost–loss (CL) model (BC-ABM). Incorporating BI mapping into an ABM allows an agent's psychological thinking process to be specified by a cognitive map between decisions and relevant preceding factors that could affect decision-making. A risk perception parameter is used in the BI mapping to represent an agent's belief on the preceding factors. Integration of the CL model addresses an agent's behavior caused by changing socioeconomic conditions. We use the San Juan River basin in New Mexico, USA, to demonstrate the utility of this method. The calibrated BC-ABM–RiverWare model is shown to capture the dynamics of historical irrigated area and streamflow changes. The results suggest that the proposed BC-ABM framework provides an improved representation of human decision-making processes compared to conventional rule-based ABMs that do not take risk perception into account. Future studies will focus on modifying the BI mapping to consider direct agents' interactions, up-front cost of agent's decision, and upscaling the watershed ABM to the regional scale.

Cognitive Model of Team Collaboration: Macro-Cognitive Focus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Warner ◽  
Michael Letsky ◽  
Michael Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The purpose of this paper is to describe a cognitive model of team collaboration emphasizing the human decision-making processes used during team collaboration. The descriptive model includes the domain characteristics, collaboration stages, meta- and macro cognitive processes and the mechanisms for achieving the stages and cognitive processes. Two experiments were designed to provide empirical data on the validity of the collaboration stages and cognitive processes of the model. Both face-to-face and asynchronous, distributed teams demonstrated behavior that supports the existence of the collaboration stages along with seven cognitive processes.

scholarly journals A Review: Artificial Intelligent Approach for Enhancing Adaptability in an Adaptive E-Learning Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
M.P.L. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Intelligent Approach ◽  
Learning Frameworks

Adaptive e-learning the aim is to fill the gap between the pupil and the educator by discussing the needs and skills of individual learners. Artificial intelligence strategies that have the potential to simulate human decision-making processes are important around adaptive e-Learning. This paper explores the Artificial techniques; Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Bayesian Networks and Genetic Algorithms, highlighting their contributions to the notion of the adaptability in the sense of Adaptive E-learning. The implementation of Artificial Neural Networks to resolve problems in the current Adaptive e-learning frameworks have been established.

Place development for international retirement migrants: a decision-making process model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-468
Author(s):  
Ann Suwaree Ashton ◽  
Noel Scott ◽  
Therdchai Choibamroong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Analyse Data

Purpose This study aims to investigate the decision-making processes of international retirement migrants. The development of a place in response to the high demand for international retirement migration has become an important strategy for stakeholders within host destinations; of particular interest is international retirement migrant behaviour and intention to stay and retire in a foreign country. Design/methodology/approach This research presents the results of a qualitative study using face-to-face interview techniques. Content analysis technique was used to analyse data from interviews with 33 international retirees in Thailand. Findings Destination stakeholders must consider creating awareness of the destination through WOM, trustworthy websites and government channels, which migrants evaluate a destination based on pre-retirement visits that create attachment and emotional feelings for the place, and finally, the decision-making processes of short stay, semi-permanent and permanent migrants. Research limitations/implications This qualitative study investigated migrants from Europe, Australia and the USA. An understanding of IR migrants from Asia needs further research. Practical implications The results can be used as guidelines for government, hospitality and tourism stakeholders. IR migrants want different destination attributes to mainstream tourists, especially a peaceful environment, mild weather (not too cold or hot), and to live among locals. Originality/value This study examines migrant decision-making processes. The results provide a theoretical foundation for how IR migrants decide to retire overseas. This comprises three components: destination awareness, secondly, evaluation of the destination’s resources, and finally, the decision and implementation of their plans.

scholarly journals A Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope Based Expert System in Human Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Panjkaj Srivastava ◽  
Rajkrishna Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Naturally, individual decision style is qualitative rather than quantitative settings. In nature, the human way of thinking is uncertain and fuzziness that demands the use of the linguistic approach of problems related to the decision. The group decision making process is highly affected by hesitant situations among the members for clarity-based decisions. In order to remove the hesitant situations, the proposed Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope expert system provides the group decision making processes with more realistic output in envelope form rather than CRISP one. In this study, we shall discuss a linguistic based expert system that will help to make more realistic decisions in a hesitant situation by using Hesitant Fuzzy Envelope technique.

Implementation of an Intelligent Model for Decision Making Based on CBR for Supply Chain Solution in Retail for a Cluster of Supermarkets

2019 ◽  
pp. 381-397
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Loera-Castro ◽  
Jaime Sanchez ◽  
Jorge Restrepo ◽  
Angel Fabián Campoya Morales ◽  
Julian I. Aguilar-Duque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Times ◽  
Intelligent Model

The latter includes customizing the user interface, as well as the way the system retrieves and processes cases afterward. The resulting cases may be shown to the user in different ways, and/or the retrieved cases may be adapted. This chapter is about an intelligent model for decision making based on case-based reasoning to solve the existing problem in the planning of distribution in the supply chain between a distribution center and a chain of supermarkets. First, the authors mentioned the need for intelligent systems in the decision-making processes, where they are necessary due to the limitations associated with conventional human decision-making processes. Among them, human experience is very scarce, and humans get tired of the burden of physical or mental work. In addition, human beings forget the crucial details of a problem, and many of the times are inconsistent in their daily decisions.

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