scholarly journals Complexity Analysis of Surface Electromyography for Assessing the Myoelectric Manifestation of Muscle Fatigue: A Review

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Rampichini ◽  
Taian Martins Vieira ◽  
Paolo Castiglioni ◽  
Giampiero Merati
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Recurrence Plots ◽  
Semg Signal ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Relationship

The surface electromyography (sEMG) records the electrical activity of muscle fibers during contraction: one of its uses is to assess changes taking place within muscles in the course of a fatiguing contraction to provide insights into our understanding of muscle fatigue in training protocols and rehabilitation medicine. Until recently, these myoelectric manifestations of muscle fatigue (MMF) have been assessed essentially by linear sEMG analyses. However, sEMG shows a complex behavior, due to many concurrent factors. Therefore, in the last years, complexity-based methods have been tentatively applied to the sEMG signal to better individuate the MMF onset during sustained contractions. In this review, after describing concisely the traditional linear methods employed to assess MMF we present the complexity methods used for sEMG analysis based on an extensive literature search. We show that some of these indices, like those derived from recurrence plots, from entropy or fractal analysis, can detect MMF efficiently. However, we also show that more work remains to be done to compare the complexity indices in terms of reliability and sensibility; to optimize the choice of embedding dimension, time delay and threshold distance in reconstructing the phase space; and to elucidate the relationship between complexity estimators and the physiologic phenomena underlying the onset of MMF in exercising muscles.

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking in COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Relationship

COPD is a chronic disease that progressively worsens the patient's respiratory function. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with COPD with initially low respiratory rates should theoretically lead to a more severe course and a high probability of lethal outcome. However, at present, no direct connection has been found between the presence of COPD, smoking and a high risk of being infected or severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of great importance in the study of these paradoxical facts is the interaction between the reninangiotensin and nicotinic cholinergic systems. In this review, we perform an extensive literature search for studies of the relationship between COPD, smoking, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Magnetic Suspension with Motorization to Measure the Speed of Gravity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1760020
Author(s):  
Henrique Linares ◽  
Carlos Frajuca ◽  
Fabio S. Bortoli ◽  
Givanildo A. Santos ◽  
Francisco Y. Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sliding Bearing ◽  
Speed Of Gravity ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

This work aims to design a magnetic suspension for an experiment to measure gravitys velocity. Such device must rotate two objects symmetrically with the greatest mass and largest radius as possible, at the speed of [Formula: see text], which means this device falls into the high-speed machines category. The guidelines and solutions proposed in this paper constitute a contribution to this class of engineering problems and were based on an extensive literature search, contacts with experts, the tutors and author’s experience, as well as on experimental results. The main solution proposed is a hybrid bearing that combines a radial passive magnetic bearing with an axial sliding bearing, here called MPS (Magnetic Passive and Sliding) bearing.

The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Armenia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
JACOB KOOPMAN ◽  
TARON ALEKSANYAN ◽  
ALLA ALEKSANYAN ◽  
GEORGE FAYVUSH ◽  
MARINA OGANESIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

In this paper we present an updated checklist, key and maps for all the currently known Carex taxa present in Armenia. The present work is based on the revision of the vouchers in herbaria ERE, W and MW, extensive literature search, and field research carried out in 2015–2019. As a result, 71 species of Carex are known from Armenia. Besides, the first Carex hybrid in Armenia has been found and provided here with a binomial name.

scholarly journals Effects of Muscle Fatigue and Recovery on Complexity of Surface Electromyography of Biceps Brachii

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Fuyuan Liao ◽  
Xueyan Zhang ◽  
Chunmei Cao ◽  
Isabella Yu-Ju Hung ◽  
Yanni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Nonlinear Method ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Semg Signal ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Semg Signals

This study aimed to investigate the degree of regularity of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals during muscle fatigue during dynamic contractions and muscle recovery after cupping therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing both muscle fatigue and muscle recovery using a nonlinear method. Twelve healthy participants were recruited to perform biceps curls at 75% of the 10 repetitions maximum under four conditions: immediately and 24 h after cupping therapy (−300 mmHg pressure), as well as after sham control (no negative pressure). Cupping therapy or sham control was assigned to each participant according to a pre-determined counter-balanced order and applied to the participant’s biceps brachii for 5 min. The degree of regularity of the sEMG signal during the first, second, and last 10 repetitions (Reps) of biceps curls was quantified using a modified sample entropy (Ems) algorithm. When exercise was performed immediately or 24 h after sham control, Ems of the sEMG signal showed a significant decrease from the first to second 10 Reps; when exercise was performed immediately after cupping therapy, Ems also showed a significant decrease from the first to second 10 Reps but its relative change was significantly smaller compared to the condition of exercise immediately after sham control. When exercise was performed 24 h after cupping therapy, Ems did not show a significant decrease, while its relative change was significantly smaller compared to the condition of exercise 24 h after sham control. These results indicated that the degree of regularity of sEMG signals quantified by Ems is capable of assessing muscle fatigue and the effect of cupping therapy. Moreover, this measure seems to be more sensitive to muscle fatigue and could yield more consistent results compared to the traditional linear measures.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Advanced Urethral Diverticular Adenocarcinoma and a Review of Treatment Modalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232470961982840
Author(s):  
Fatai Oluyadi ◽  
Preethi Ramachandran ◽  
Vladmir Gotlieb
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Urethral Diverticulum ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Tract Infections

Female urethral diverticular cancer is a very rare entity with only around 100 cases reported so far in literature and accounts for <1% of all malignancies. In this article, we present a 47-year-old African American female with repeated hospital visits for urinary retention, hematuria, and urinary tract infections. Initial computed tomography imaging and cystoscopy was unremarkable except for a distended urinary bladder. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding cystoscopy eventually indicated the presence of a urethral diverticulum. She underwent urethral diverticulectomy and was found to have a mass arising from urethral diverticulum extending to vaginal walls. Her biopsy was suggestive of invasive adenocarcinoma in advanced stages, for which she subsequently underwent a total pelvic exenteration. Next-generation sequencing of the tumor showed CDKN2A/B loss, MSI-stable, and low TMB, thereby ruling out the options for targeted therapies. Extensive literature search and expert opinions were sought for her case since no consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this tumor. A final decision was made to treat her with platinum-based chemotherapy. Different treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery followed by chemoradiation have been tried. Platinum-based chemotherapy has generally been preferred based on an extensive literature search. Multimodality treatment approach seems to be the current approach to management for advanced stages for better overall survival. This case illustrates the challenges faced in making diagnosis and treatment decisions due to the rarity of this type of tumor and lack of consensus in the treatment approach.

On the value of taxonomic standardization in evolutionary studies

Paleobiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Culver ◽  
Martin A. Buzas ◽  
Laurel S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Duration Data ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Species duration data for living benthic foraminifera derived from an extensive literature search have been compiled and analyzed to investigate rates and patterns of species origination. The same data subjected to taxonomic standardization through examination of many specimens lodged in museum collections indicate strikingly different, and more realistic, rates and patterns.Evolutionary generalizations based on data generated from the literature only are often unreliable and may be directly in opposition to reality. Extensive attempts at taxonomic standardization should be the norm in paleobiological investigations.

scholarly journals Macrolide Allergic Reactions

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy M. Shaeer ◽  
Elias B. Chahine ◽  
Sheeba Varghese Gupta ◽  
Jonathan C. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cutaneous Reactions ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Macrolides are antimicrobial agents that can be used to treat a variety of infections. Allergic reactions to macrolides occur infrequently but can include minor to severe cutaneous reactions as well as systemic life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. Most reports of allergic reactions occurred in patients without prior exposure to a macrolide. Cross-reactivity among macrolides may occur due to the similarities in their chemical structures; however, some published literature indicates that some patients can tolerate a different macrolide. Most published reports detailed an allergic reaction to erythromycin. Desensitization protocols to clarithromycin and azithromycin have been described in the literature. The purpose of this article is to summarize macrolide-associated allergic reactions reported in published literature. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify publications linking macrolides to hypersensitivity reactions.

Cardiopulmonary bypass on a patient with malaria

Perfusion ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Coley ◽  
James C Hart
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Primaquine Phosphate

There are special considerations when performing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on a patient with malaria. A 70-year-old female with a recent history of severe aortic stenosis was scheduled to undergo elective aortic valve replacement. One week prior to surgery, the patient developed shaking chills and fever, with a positive malaria smear. An extensive literature search was undertaken to determine the effect of CPB on a patient with active malaria, but no prior reference was found. One major concern was the lysis of red blood cells while on bypass. The surgery was performed uneventfully, following 2 weeks of treatment with primaquine phosphate.

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