scholarly journals Secure Degrees of Freedom in Networks with User Misbehavior

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Karim Banawan ◽  
Sennur Ulukus
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Broadcast Channel ◽  
Interference Channel ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Wiretap Channel ◽  
Form Game ◽  
Cooperative Jamming ◽  
Extensive Form Game

We investigate the secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) of three new channel models: broadcast channel with combating helpers, interference channel with selfish users, and multiple access wiretap channel with deviating users. The goal of introducing these channel models is to investigate various malicious interactions that arise in networks, including active adversaries. That is in contrast with the common assumption in the literature that the users follow a certain protocol altruistically and transmit both message-carrying and cooperative jamming signals in an optimum manner. In the first model, over a classical broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCCM), there are two helpers, each associated with one of the receivers. In the second model, over a classical interference channel with confidential messages (ICCM), there is a helper and users are selfish. By casting each problem as an extensive-form game and applying recursive real interference alignment, we show that, for the first model, the combating intentions of the helpers are neutralized and the full s.d.o.f. is retained; for the second model, selfishness precludes secure communication and no s.d.o.f. is achieved. In the third model, we consider the multiple access wiretap channel (MAC-WTC), where multiple legitimate users wish to have secure communication with a legitimate receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. We consider the case when a subset of users deviate from the optimum protocol that attains the exact s.d.o.f. of this channel. We consider two kinds of deviation: when some of the users stop transmitting cooperative jamming signals, and when a user starts sending intentional jamming signals. For the first scenario, we investigate possible responses of the remaining users to counteract such deviation. For the second scenario, we use an extensive-form game formulation for the interactions of the deviating and well-behaving users. We prove that a deviating user can drive the s.d.o.f. to zero; however, the remaining users can exploit its intentional jamming signals as cooperative jamming signals against the eavesdropper and achieve an optimum s.d.o.f.

scholarly journals Monty Hall three door ’anomaly’ revisited: a note on deferment in an extensive form game

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp E. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Form Game ◽  
Information Updating ◽  
Extensive Form Game ◽  
Monty Hall ◽  
Initial Choice

AbstractThe Monty Hall game is one of the most discussed decision problems, but where a convincing behavioral explanation of the systematic deviations from probability theory is still lacking. Most people not changing their initial choice, when this is beneficial under information updating, demands further explanation. Not only trust and the incentive of interestingly prolonging the game for the audience can explain this kind of behavior, but the strategic setting can be modeled more sophisticatedly. When aiming to increase the odds of winning, while Monty’s incentives are unknown, then not to switch doors can be considered as the most secure strategy and avoids a sure loss when Monty’s guiding aim is not to give away the prize. Understanding and modeling the Monty Hall game can be regarded as an ideal teaching example for fundamental statistic understandings.

scholarly journals A Cooperative Jamming Technique to Protect a Two-User Broadcast Channel with Confidential Messages and an External Eavesdropper

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Gustavo Anjos ◽  
Daniel Castanheira ◽  
Adão Silva ◽  
Atílio Gameiro
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Interference Alignment ◽  
Broadcast Channel ◽  
Cooperative Jamming

This work addresses the security of a two-user broadcast channel. The challenge of protecting a broadcast channel is associated with the necessity of securing the system, not only against eavesdropping attacks originating from external nodes, but also to ensure that the inside users do not eavesdrop on each other’s information. To address this issue, the present work proposes a cooperative jamming scheme that provides protection against eavesdropping attacks carried out simultaneously by inside users and external eavesdroppers. To achieve this goal, the developed scheme combines real interference alignment with a blind cooperative jamming technique defined in the literature. An information theoretical analysis shows that positive secure degrees of freedom are achievable using the proposed solution.

Do supermajority rules really deter extremism? the role of electoral competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 095162982110611
Author(s):  
Daiki Kishishita ◽  
Atsushi Yamagishi
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Symmetric Equilibrium ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Legislative Voting ◽  
Form Game ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
Extensive Form Game

This study investigates how supermajority rules in a legislature affect electoral competition. We construct an extensive-form game wherein parties choose policy platforms in an election. Post election, the policy is determined based on a legislative voting rule. At symmetric equilibrium, supermajority rules induce divergence of policy platforms if and only if the parties are sufficiently attached to their preferred platform. Thus, supermajority rules may not always lead to moderate policies once electoral competition is considered.

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