scholarly journals Multiscale Approximate Entropy for Gait Analysis in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
An-Bang Liu ◽  
Che-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Gait Abnormalities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s diseases (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are not rare neurological diseases. They affect different neurological systems and present various characteristic gait abnormalities. We retrieved gait signals of the right and left feet from a public domain on the Physionet. There were 13 patients with ALS, 15 patients with PD, 20 patients with HD and 16 healthy controls (HC). We used multiscale approximate entropy (MAE) to analyze ground reaction force on both feet. Our study shows that MAE increases with scales in all tested subjects. The group HD has the highest MAE and group ALS has the lowest MAE. We can differentiate ALS from HC by MAE, while scale factors >10 in the left foot. There are few significant differences of MAE between the HC and HD. We found a good correlation of MAE between both feet in group ALS. In conclusion, our results indicate that MAE analysis of gait signals can be used for diagnosis and long-term assessment for ALS and probably HD. Similarity of MAE between both feet can also be a diagnostic marker for ALS.

scholarly journals Antisense Drugs Make Sense for Neurological Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 831-852
Author(s):  
C. Frank Bennett ◽  
Holly B. Kordasiewicz ◽  
Don W. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
New Class ◽  
Therapeutic Platform ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The genetic basis for most inherited neurodegenerative diseases has been identified, yet there are limited disease-modifying therapies for these patients. A new class of drugs—antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)—show promise as a therapeutic platform for treating neurological diseases. ASOs are designed to bind to the RNAs either by promoting degradation of the targeted RNA or by elevating expression by RNA splicing. Intrathecal injection into the cerebral spinal fluid results in broad distribution of antisense drugs and long-term effects. Approval of nusinersen in 2016 demonstrated that effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases can be identified and that treatments not only slow disease progression but also improve some symptoms. Antisense drugs are currently in development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Angelman syndrome, and several drugs are in late-stage research for additional neurological diseases. This review highlights the advances in antisense technology as potential treatments for neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Frank Bennett ◽  
Adrian R. Krainer ◽  
Don W. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Platform ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a novel therapeutic platform for the discovery of medicines that have the potential to treat most neurodegenerative diseases. Antisense drugs are currently in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, and multiple research programs are underway for additional neurodegenerative diseases. One antisense drug, nusinersen, has been approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Importantly, nusinersen improves disease symptoms when administered to symptomatic patients rather than just slowing the progression of the disease. In addition to the benefit to spinal muscular atrophy patients, there are discoveries from nusinersen that can be applied to other neurological diseases, including method of delivery, doses, tolerability of intrathecally delivered antisense drugs, and the biodistribution of intrathecal dosed antisense drugs. Based in part on the early success of nusinersen, antisense drugs hold great promise as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Traumatic brain injury: a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaneesh Gupta ◽  
Nilkantha Sen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a major global health and socioeconomic problem, is now established as a chronic disease process with a broad spectrum of pathophysiological symptoms followed by long-term disabilities. It triggers multiple and multidirectional biochemical events that lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Recent studies have presented strong evidence that patients with TBI history have a tendency to develop proteinopathy, which is the pathophysiological feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review mainly focuses on mechanisms related to AD, CTE, and ALS that are induced after TBI and their relevance to the advancement of these neurodegenerative diseases. This review encompasses acute effects and chronic neurodegenerative consequences after TBI for a better understanding of TBI-induced neuronal death and to design therapies that will effectively treat patients in the primary or secondary progressive stages.

The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2475-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morello ◽  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Rossella Zenobi ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Delphine Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neuroactive Steroid ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this “neuroactive” steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Counteracting Oxidative Stress—Related Neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Cristina Angeloni ◽  
Martina Gatti ◽  
Cecilia Prata ◽  
Silvana Hrelia ◽  
Tullia Maraldi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases include a variety of pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and so forth, which share many common characteristics such as oxidative stress, glycation, abnormal protein deposition, inflammation, and progressive neuronal loss. The last century has witnessed significant research to identify mechanisms and risk factors contributing to the complex etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as genetic, vascular/metabolic, and lifestyle-related factors, which often co-occur and interact with each other. Apart from several environmental or genetic factors, in recent years, much evidence hints that impairment in redox homeostasis is a common mechanism in different neurological diseases. However, from a pharmacological perspective, oxidative stress is a difficult target, and antioxidants, the only strategy used so far, have been ineffective or even provoked side effects. In this review, we report an analysis of the recent literature on the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinal ganglion cells, and ataxia. Moreover, the contribution of stem cells has been widely explored, looking at their potential in neuronal differentiation and reporting findings on their application in fighting oxidative stress in different neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the exposure to mesenchymal stem cells or their secretome can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antioxidant capacity and neurotrophin expression while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which are common aspects of neurodegenerative pathologies. Further studies are needed to identify a tailored approach for each neurodegenerative disease in order to design more effective stem cell therapeutic strategies to prevent a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers: Future Approaches for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Oriana Trubiani ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Biological Liquids ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Many neurological diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Early diagnosis and new markers are necessary for prompt therapeutic intervention. Several studies have aimed to identify biomarkers in different biological liquids. Furthermore, it is being considered whether saliva could be a potential biological sample for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. This work aims to provide an overview of the literature concerning biomarkers identified in saliva for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Specifically, the studies have revealed that is possible to quantify beta-amyloid1–42 and TAU protein from the saliva of AD patients. Instead, alpha-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) have been identified as new potential salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD. Nevertheless, future studies will be needed to validate these salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Ernesto Damiani ◽  
Gerardo Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Complex I Activity ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

An increasing number of data demonstrate the utility of ketogenic diets in a variety of metabolic diseases as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In regard to neurological disorders, ketogenic diet is recognized as an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy but emerging data suggests that ketogenic diet could be also useful in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disease, and some mitochondriopathies. Although these diseases have different pathogenesis and features, there are some common mechanisms that could explain the effects of ketogenic diets. These mechanisms are to provide an efficient source of energy for the treatment of certain types of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by focal brain hypometabolism; to decrease the oxidative damage associated with various kinds of metabolic stress; to increase the mitochondrial biogenesis pathways; and to take advantage of the capacity of ketones to bypass the defect in complex I activity implicated in some neurological diseases. These mechanisms will be discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with parkinsonism: an atypical manifestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Marquardt ◽  
Antônio Serpa do Amaral Neto ◽  
Eduardo Martins Leal ◽  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
André Dias de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Left Lower Limb ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atypical Manifestation ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Context: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. The diagnosis is not always easy, and may have atypical initial manifestations. Case report: O.S.M, female, 62 years old, started in 2016 with bradykinesia and left lower limb tremor, associated with frequent falls. Iniciated research for parkinsonism in 2017, SPECT demonstrated decreased dopamine transporter binding potential density in both striatum. Levodopa was started, with partial improvement of symptoms. In 2018, she developed dysphagia, associated with slight alterations in phonation. In 2019, in addition to the left lower limb tremor and bradykinesia, the patient developed limb paresis, also affecting the right upper limb, with proximal atrophy and fasciculations. Added to the therapeutic regimen pramipexole, without improvement in symptoms. Over the months the case progressed with axial weakness, the need for a wheelchair for walking. Patient hospitalized in April 2020, electroneuromyography performed which showed signs of active disinvervation in the bulbar, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral segments and signs of chronic disinervation in the cervical and lumbosacral segments, with no signs of sensory or motor polyneuropathy. Such findings suggest impairment of the Lower motor neuron, and can be found in the Diseases of the Motor Neuron. With the diagnosis of ALS, Riluzole was started, with a reduction in the speed of disease progression. Conclusions: the reported case draws attention to the importance of always thinking about differential diagnoses in neurological diseases. We should always look for new symptoms, so that more rare diseases do not go unnoticed.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Hu ◽  
Cao Chen ◽  
Xiao-Ping Dong
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

COVID-19 pandemic has already produced great impacts on global health security and social-economy. Elderly, particularly those with underlying diseases, are suffering from higher fatality rate. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of incurable neurological disorders of loss of neuron and/or myelin sheath, which affect hundreds of millions of elderly populations and usually need long-term care. Older population is one of the most vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic. In this report, we reviewed the current status of COVID-19 on the patients with several neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Meanwhile, the potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases were also summarized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document