scholarly journals Quantum Thermodynamics in the Refined Weak Coupling Limit

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Rivas
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Weak Coupling Limit ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Thermodynamic Framework ◽  
Definition Of

We present a thermodynamic framework for the refined weak coupling limit. In this limit, the interaction between system and environment is weak, but not negligible. As a result, the system dynamics becomes non-Markovian breaking divisibility conditions. Nevertheless, we propose a derivation of the first and second law just in terms of the reduced system dynamics. To this end, we extend the refined weak coupling limit for allowing slowly-varying external drivings and reconsider the definition of internal energy due to the non-negligible interaction.

Thermodynamics of Quantum Information Systems — Hamiltonian Description

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Alicki ◽  
Michał Horodecki ◽  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Ryszard Horodecki
Keyword(s):  
Quantum System ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Heat Bath ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Weak Coupling Limit ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Hamiltonian Description ◽  
Landauer’S Principle ◽  
Thermodynamical Laws ◽  
The Cost

It is often claimed, that from a quantum system of d levels, and entropy S and heat bath of temperature T one can draw kT lnd–TS amount of work. However, the usual arguments basing on Szilard engine, are not fully rigorous. Here we prove the formula within Hamiltonian description of drawing work from a quantum system and a heat bath, at the cost of entropy of the system. We base on the derivation of thermodynamical laws and quantities in [10] within weak coupling limit. Our result provides fully physical scenario for extracting thermodynamical work form quantum correlations [4]. We also derive Landauer's principle as a consequence of the second law within the considered model.

scholarly journals The second law of thermodynamics as variation on a theme of Carathéodory

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2253) ◽  
pp. 20210425
Author(s):  
Joe D. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
State Space ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Axiomatic Foundation ◽  
Convexity Properties ◽  
Definition Of

This paper revisits the second law of thermodynamics via certain modifications of the axiomatic foundation provided by the celebrated 1909 work of Carathéodory. It is shown that his postulate of adiabatic inaccessibility represents one of several constraints on the energy balance that serve to establish the existence of thermostatic entropy as a foliation of state space, with temperature representing a force of constraint. To achieve the thermostatic version of the second law, as embodied in the postulates of Clausius and Gibbs, work principles are proposed to define thermostatic equilibrium and stability in terms of the convexity properties of internal energy, entropy and related thermostatic potentials. Comparisons are made with the classic work of Coleman and Noll on thermostatic equilibrium in simple continua, resulting in a few unresolved differences. Perhaps the most novel aspect of the current work is an extension to irreversible processes by means of a non-equilibrium entropy derived from recoverable work, which generalizes similar ideas in continuum viscoelasticity. This definition of entropy calls for certain revisions of modern theories of continuum thermomechanics by Coleman, Noll and others that are based on a generally inaccessible entropy and undefined temperature.

First and second laws of thermodynamics: relationship, “inconsistency”, hidden effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Savchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Laushkin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Of Mixing ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the first and second laws of thermodynamics based on their energy nature is considered. It is noted that the processes described by the second law of thermodynamics often take place hidden within the system, which makes it difficult to detect them. Nevertheless, even with ideal mixing, an increase in the internal energy of the system occurs, numerically equal to an increase in free energy. The largest contribution to the change in the value of free energy is made by the entropy of mixing, which has energy significance. The entropy of mixing can do the job, which is confirmed in particular by osmotic processes.

Reactions in solution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sherwood ◽  
Paul Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Equilibrium Mixture ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Coupled Reactions ◽  
Definition Of

Another key chapter, examining reactions in solution. Starting with the definition of an ideal solution, and then introducing Raoult’s law and Henry’s law, this chapter then draws on the results of Chapter 14 (gas phase equilibria) to derive the corresponding results for equilibria in an ideal solution. A unique feature of this chapter is the analysis of coupled reactions, once again using first principles to show how the coupling of an endergonic reaction to a suitable exergonic reaction results in an equilibrium mixture in which the products of the endergonic reaction are present in much higher quantity. This demonstrates how coupled reactions can cause entropy-reducing events to take place without breaking the Second Law, so setting the scene for the future chapters on applications of thermodynamics to the life sciences, especially chapter 24 on bioenergetics.

scholarly journals An obstacle to sub-AdS holography for SYK-like models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yingfei Gu ◽  
Alexei Kitaev
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Kinetic Coefficient ◽  
Weak Coupling Limit ◽  
Branching Time ◽  
Quasiparticle Lifetime

Abstract We argue that “stringy” effects in a putative gravity-dual picture for SYK-like models are related to the branching time, a kinetic coefficient defined in terms of the retarded kernel. A bound on the branching time is established assuming that the leading diagrams are ladders with thin rungs. Thus, such models are unlikely candidates for sub-AdS holography. In the weak coupling limit, we derive a relation between the branching time, the Lyapunov exponent, and the quasiparticle lifetime using two different approximations.

ENERGY BAND OVERLAPPING IN HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MORENO ◽  
R. M. MÉNDEZ-MORENO ◽  
M. A. ORTIZ ◽  
S. OROZCO
Keyword(s):  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Cuprate Superconductors ◽  
Weak Coupling Limit ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Effective Coupling ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Two Band Model

Multi-band superconductors are analyzed and the relevance of overlapping energy bands to the high-T c of these materials is studied. Within the BCS framework, a two band model with generalized Fermi surface topologies is developed. Values of the overlapped occupancy parameters for typical cuprate superconductors are obtained as a function of the ratio R and the effective coupling constant, λ, in the weak-coupling limit. The overlap scale is of the order or lower than the cutoff (Debye) energy. The typical behavior of the isotope effect is obtained. As these superconductors have transition temperatures above the phonon barrier, the results of this approach are important to the generic understanding of the high-T c superconducting mechanism.

scholarly journals As Espiritualidades em Psicoterapeutas Junguianos e Transpessoais: Um Breve Estudo Fenomenológico

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Aurino Lima FERREIRA ◽  
Laila Anine Candida da SILVA ◽  
Sidney Carlos Rocha da SILVA ◽  
Marlos Alves BEZERRA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Unconditional Love ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Spirituality as a human phenomenon presents itself as a significant aspect in the understanding and promotion of health, yet its study was neglected by psychological theories, with the exception of Jung's pioneering studies and the transpersonal approach. In this sense, we aim to present the vision of spirituality among psychologists from the city of Recife (in Brazil) who are guided by these theoretical lines, indicating how this phenomenon is experienced in their professional practices. We performed a phenomenological qualitative research that had as instrument the semi-structured interview with eight psychologists. The data were analyzed according to Bicudo's phenomenological approach and are in agreement with the scientific literature in this field, which indicates that there is no hegemonic definition of spirituality. There are visions of spiritualities, sometimes singular, sometimes common. Spirituality sometimes appears as synonymous with unconditional love, sometimes as access to the transcendent, without denying immanence. It also arises as internal energy and access to the Higher Self or just the Self. In the clinic it is considered as health promoter and approached from the demand in the Jungian perspective and seen as contextual in the transpersonal. We raised reflections on the importance of spirituality to the understanding of human being in its complexity.

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