scholarly journals Unfolding the Complexity of the Global Value Chain: Strength and Entropy in the Single-Layer, Multiplex, and Multi-Layer International Trade Networks

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Alves ◽  
Giuseppe Mangioni ◽  
Francisco Rodrigues ◽  
Pietro Panzarasa ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Topological Features

The worldwide trade network has been widely studied through different data sets and network representations with a view to better understanding interactions among countries and products. Here we investigate international trade through the lenses of the single-layer, multiplex, and multi-layer networks. We discuss differences among the three network frameworks in terms of their relative advantages in capturing salient topological features of trade. We draw on the World Input-Output Database to build the three networks. We then uncover sources of heterogeneity in the way strength is allocated among countries and transactions by computing the strength distribution and entropy in each network. Additionally, we trace how entropy evolved, and show how the observed peaks can be associated with the onset of the global economic downturn. Findings suggest how more complex representations of trade, such as the multi-layer network, enable us to disambiguate the distinct roles of intra- and cross-industry transactions in driving the evolution of entropy at a more aggregate level. We discuss our results and the implications of our comparative analysis of networks for research on international trade and other empirical domains across the natural and social sciences.

scholarly journals International Trade of Rattan Industry in Indonesia: Global Value Chain, Absolute and Comparative Advantage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Ferliana
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chain

International Trade of Rattan Industry in Indonesia: Global Value Chain, Absolute and Comparative Advantage

scholarly journals Global Value Chain and International Alliance strategy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Rosalinda Gosal
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
International Alliance ◽  
Wholly Owned Subsidiary

Paper ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep dan penerapan global value terutama dalam industri rotan, bagaimana konsep global value memberikan nilai tambah yang memungkinkan semua pelaku mendapatkan manfaat yang adil. Selain tu ada pula International alliance strategy dimana ada lima (5 ) alternative yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan partnership antara perusahaan lokal dan multinasional yaitu : (1) the wholly owned subsidiary with contractual collaboration, (2) the wholly owned subsidiary with the licence agreement, (3) the international trade with the licence agreement, (4) joint venture and (5) outsourcing. Dari kelima startegi tersebut, manakah strategi yang baik digunakan oleh perusahaan?

When Global Value Chains are Not Global: Case Studies from the Russian Fast-Food Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Berman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Firm Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

While the global value chain (GVC) literature tends to analyze trade networks and supply chains that are global in the literal sense, I argue that domestically-bound chains led by global firms provide important cases for study through this analytical lens. Importantly, insights regarding the relationship between chain governance and opportunities for upgrading have significant implications for many developing markets even when foreign lead buyers are not fostering export-oriented production. In-depth interviews with representatives from foreign fast-food corporations and their domestic suppliers in Russia provide empirical evidence to support modifications to current theories to better account for how domestic contexts impinge on chain governance and the balance of inter-firm power. I identify factors that provide leverage for domestic actors in these supply chains: regulatory uncertainty, emerging domestic product markets, and the competing interests of foreign firms.

scholarly journals A Topological Analysis of Trade Distance: Evidence from the Gravity Model and Complex Flow Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Zongning Wu ◽  
Hongbo Cai ◽  
Ruining Zhao ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Zengru Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
International Trade Network

As a classical trade model, the gravity model plays an important role in the trade policy-making process. However, the effect of physical distance fails to capture the effects of globalization and even ignores the multilateral resistance of trade. Here, we propose a general model describing the effective distance of trade according to multilateral trade paths information and the structure of the trade flow network. Quantifying effective trade distance aims to identify the hidden resistance information from trade networks data, and then describe trade barriers. The results show that flow distance, hybrid by multi-path constraint, and international trade network contribute to the forecasting of trade flows. Meanwhile, we also analyze the role of flow distance in international trade from two perspectives of network science and econometric model. At the econometric model level, flow distance can collapse to the predicting results of geographic distance in the proper time lagging variable, which can also reflect that flow distance contains geographical factors. At the international trade network level, community structure detection by flow distances and flow space embedding instructed that the formation of international trade networks is the tradeoff of international specialization in the trade value chain and geographical aggregation. The methodology and results can be generalized to the study of all kinds of product trade systems.

scholarly journals Emission Embodied in International Trade and Its Responsibility from the Perspective of Global Value Chain: Progress, Trends, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Boya Zhang ◽  
Shukuan Bai ◽  
Yadong Ning ◽  
Tao Ding ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Value Chain Accounting ◽  
Chain Theory ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibility

In the context of economic globalization and production fragmentation, the boom in intermediate and processing trade has made EEIT (emission embodied in international trade) accounting and the recognition of its responsibility more and more complicated, and the drawbacks of traditional gross value statistics more and more conspicuous. The rapid development of global value chain theory in recent years has given rise to a decomposition framework of the trade flow in a country’s export, based on the global value chain, which offers new methods to study EEIT and allocate its responsibility. The combination of global value chain accounting and EEIT research can offer new ways to research EEIT transfer and allocate its responsibility. Utilization of this technique can help understand each country’s “common but differentiated responsibility” in emission reduction. Finally, aiming at the knowledge gaps in current analysis, this paper attempts to discuss the trends, and possible challenges, in research on EEIT, and its responsibility based on the global value chain theory.

scholarly journals Artikel Review Global Value Chain dan International Alliance Strategy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedy Noviantoro
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
International Alliance

Paper ini bertjuan untuk memahami bagaimana Global Value Chain (GVC) memiliki kemampuan dan kemamuan untuk bagi setiap negaranya maupun berkembang dan maju dalam memberikan nilai tambah yang dapat dimanfaatkan secara adil, dan melihat bagaimana pengaruh dari GVC ini terhadap industri rotan, kemudian ada pula International Alliance Strategy dimana ada 5 alternatif partenrship yang dilakukan perusahaan lokal dengan multinasional, pada alternatif ini lebih di fokuskan untuk bagian international trade with the licence agreement, tujuannya jelas bagaimana setiap perusahaan yang bekerja sama memiliki linsensi dagang yang jelas dalam melakukan transaksi internasional karena pastinya ada beberapa syarat serta ketentuan yang berbeda beda disetiap negaranya.

scholarly journals Penerapan Global Value Chain pada industri rotan dan pentingnya International Alliance Strategy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
jordhie tanarubun
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
International Alliance ◽  
Wholly Owned Subsidiary

Paper ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana penerapan Global Value Chain dalam industri rotan di indonesia serta hambatan dan peluang yang dialami oleh petani, produsen, dan desainer dalam penerapan Global Value Chain, serta menjelaskan mengenai International Alliance Strategy dan alasan perusahaan multinasional memilih salah satu dari lima alternative strategy yang ada, yaitu: (1) The Wholly Owned Subsidiary With Contractual Collaboration, (2) The Wholly Owned Subsidiary With The Licence Agreement, (3) The International Trade With The Licence Agreement, (4) Joint Venture And (5) Outsourcing (Pratono & Ratih, 2019).

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