scholarly journals Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Koparan ◽  
A. Bulent Koc ◽  
Charles V. Privette ◽  
Calvin B. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Sampling Locations

Water quality monitoring and predicting the changes in water characteristics require the collection of water samples in a timely manner. Water sample collection based on in situ measurable water quality indicators can increase the efficiency and precision of data collection while reducing the cost of laboratory analyses. The objective of this research was to develop an adaptive water sampling device for an aerial robot and demonstrate the accuracy of its functions in laboratory and field conditions. The prototype device consisted of a sensor node with dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity, and depth sensors, a microcontroller, and a sampler with three cartridges. Activation of water capturing cartridges was based on in situ measurements from the sensor node. The activation mechanism of the prototype device was tested with standard solutions in the laboratory and with autonomous water sampling flights over the 11-ha section of a lake. A total of seven sampling locations were selected based on a grid system. Each cartridge collected 130 mL of water samples at a 3.5 m depth. Mean water quality parameters were measured as 8.47 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, pH of 5.34, 7 µS/cm of electrical conductivity, temperature of 18 °C, and 37 Formazin Nephelometric Unit (FNU) of turbidity. The dissolved oxygen was within allowable limits that were pre-set in the self-activation computer program while the pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature were outside of allowable limits that were specified by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Therefore, the activation mechanism of the device was triggered and water samples were collected from all the sampling locations successfully. The adaptive water sampling with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-assisted water sampling device was proved to be a successful method for water quality evaluation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations of Zooplankton in Pulau Tinggi, Marine Park, Johor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Nasir Shuaib ◽  
Maryati Mohammad ◽  
Hazel Monica Matias- Peralta ◽  
Mohd Saifullah Rusiman ◽  
Shuaibu Babaji Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Zooplankton was studied in Pulau Tinggi, Marine Park, Johor, Malaysia for their abundance and species diversity. Water samples were collected within three months, April, June and October 2015.Ten sampling stations were established during the study period. A total of 54 species of copepods from 29 genera and 22 families were identified. An average of 86.70 % copepods and 15.84% non-copepods were recorded among the zooplankton groups. The water quality parameters such as depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, and salinity were measured in situ.  The present study was taken to observe the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in Pulau Tinggi, Johor. This research will be helpful for fisheries authorities and marine controlling departments. The effect of different physico-chemical parameters on the biomass and density of zooplankton will be discussed in the coming paper.

scholarly journals Autonomous In Situ Measurements of Noncontaminant Water Quality Indicators and Sample Collection with a UAV

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Koparan ◽  
Ali Koc ◽  
Charles Privette ◽  
Calvin Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Sampling System

The objective of this research was to conduct in situ measurements of electrical conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature, and collect water samples simultaneously at different depths using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV system consists of a hexacopter, water sampling cartridges (WSC), and a sensor node. Payload capacity and endurance of the UAV were determined using an indoor test station. The UAV was able to produce 106 N of thrust for 10 min with 6.3 kg of total takeoff weight. The thrust-to-weight ratio of the UAV was 2.5 at 50% throttle. The decision for activating the water sampling cartridges and sensor node was made autonomously from an onboard microcontroller. System functions were verified at 0.5 m and 3.0 m depths in 6 locations over a 1.1 ha agricultural pond. Average measurements of EC, pH, DO, and temperature at 0.5 m depth were 42 µS/cm, 5.6, 8.2 mg/L, and 31 °C, while the measurements at 3 m depth were 80 µS/cm, 5.3, 5.34 mg/L, and 24 °C, respectively. The UAV-assisted autonomous water sampling system (UASS) successfully activated the WSC at each sampling location. The UASS would reduce the duration of water quality assessment and help practitioners and researchers to conduct observations with lower operational costs. The developed system would be useful for sampling and monitoring of water reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and ponds periodically or after natural disasters.

Sensory aspects of drinking water in contact with epoxy lined copper pipe

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Heim ◽  
A.M. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Copper Pipe

Pipe relining via in situ epoxy lining is used to remediate corroded plumbing or distribution systems. This investigation examined the effects on odour, TOC, THM formation and disinfectant demand in water exposed to epoxy-lined copper pipes used for home plumbing. The study was conducted in accordance with the Utility Quick Test, a migration/leaching method for utilities to conduct sensory analysis of materials in contact with drinking water. The test was performed using water with no disinfectant and levels of chlorine and monochloramines representative of those found in the distribution system. Panelists repeatedly and consistently described a “plastic/adhesive/putty” odour in the water from the pipes. The odour intensity remained relatively constant for each of two subsequent flushes. Water samples stored in the epoxy-lined pipes showed a significant increase in the leaching of organic compounds (as TOC), and this TOC was demonstrated to react with free chlorine to form trichloromethane. Water stored in the pipes also showed a marked increase in disinfectant demand relative to the water stored in glass control flasks. A study conducted at a full scale installation at an apartment demonstrated that after installation and regular use, the epoxy lining did not yield detectable differences in water quality.

scholarly journals Oxygen uptake during mineralization of photosynthesized carbon from phytoplankton of the Barra Bonita Reservoir: a mesocosm study

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB. Cunha-Santino ◽  
SP. Gouvêa ◽  
I. Bianchini Jr ◽  
AAH. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Aulacoseira Granulata

This study aimed to discuss and describe the oxygen consumption during aerobic mineralization of organic products (cells and excretion products) from five unialgal cultures: Cryptomonas sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena spiroides, Thalassiosira sp. and Aulacoseira granulata. These species were isolated from Barra Bonita reservoir (22º 29’ S and 48º 34’ W) and cultivated in the laboratory. From each culture, two decomposition chambers were prepared; each chamber contained about 130 mg.L-1 of carbon from water samples of the reservoir. The chambers were aerated and incubated in the dark at 20.0 ºC. The concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH values and electrical conductivity of the solutions were determined during a period of 10 days. The results indicated increases in oxygen consumption for all the solutions studied and also for electrical conductivity. The pH values presented a decreasing tendency throughout the experiment. Oxygen consumption varied from 43 (Aulacoseira granulata chamber) to 345 mg O2 g-1 C (Anabaena spiroides chamber). Decrease in pH values was probably due to increase in CO2 concentration from microbial respiration. Increase in electrical conductivity might be due to the liberation of ions during decomposition. The results demonstrate the potentiality of the studied genera in influencing oxygen availability followed by a die-off event. It also indicates the possibility of changing of the electrical conductivity and pH values in the water column due the aerobic algae mineralization.

scholarly journals Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

Some effects of the 1982-83 drought on water quality and macroinvertebrate fauna in the lower La Trobe River, Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Chessman ◽  
DP Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

Following severe and prolonged drought, flows in parts of the lower LaTrobe River reached record lows in February 1983. Consequent lack of dilution for wastewater discharges resulted in marked deterioration of water quality, with dissolved oxygen concentration dropping to 2 g m-3 and electrical conductivity rising to 115 mS m-1. Despite these changes there was little alteration in the taxonomic richness or composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna. Faunal richness in the river downstream from Yallourn was low both before and after the drought, but the causative factors remain obscure.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Phytoplankton of Chiffa River (Blida, Algeria)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fella Hamaidi-Chergui ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽  
Fatouma Benouaklil ◽  
Mohand Said Hamaidi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
North West ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Monthly Variations

The present study was carried out to determine the monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters in water samples from Chiffa river at Blida, North West of Algeria from April to August 2006. Water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and the results showed their monthly variations as follows: pH 7.5-7.6, electrical conductivity 0.87–1.06 mS·cm−1, nitrate 0–7.00 mg·L−1, nitrite 0–0.28 mg·L−1, ammonia 0–0.03 mg·L−1, phosphate 0–0.94 mg·L−1, sodium 19.3–47.0 mg·L−1, chloride 35.7–52.0 mg·L−1, calcium 90.3–104.7 mg·L−1, magnesium 27.3–37.7 mg·L−1, organic matter 0.4–3.9 mg·L−1, chlorophyll a 0.7–132.3 mg·L−1, and bicarbonate 219.3–248.7 mg·L−1. The analyzed physico-chemical parameters were almost not exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO and Algerian Water Quality Guidelines. A total of 53 taxa belonging to 4 divisions have been identified, including Chlorophyta (52.83% of taxa), Bacillariophyta (28.30%), Cyanophyceae (16.98%), and Charophyta (1.89%).

scholarly journals Comparison of high frequency, in-situ water quality analysers and sensors with conventional water sample collection and laboratory analyses: phosphorus and nitrogen species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Granger ◽  
Juan A. Qunicke ◽  
Paul Harris ◽  
Adrian L. Collins ◽  
Martin S. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. The long-term collection of water samples for water quality analysis with high precision laboratory instrumentation is routine in monitoring programmes however, such sampling is labour intensive, expensive, and therefore undertaken at a low temporal frequency. Advances in environmental monitoring technology however, mean that it is now possible to collect high temporal frequency measurements for a wide range of water quality parameters without the need for the physical collection of a sample. The downside to this approach is that the data can be subject to more noise, due to environmental and instrument variables. This raises the question of whether high frequency, lower precision data are better than low frequency, higher precision data. This study reports the findings of an investigation of agricultural land drainage comparing measurements of total phosphorus (TP), total reactive phosphorus (TRP), ammonium (NH4-N) and total oxidised inorganic nitrogen (NOx-N) collected using both equipment in situ and concurrent water samples analysed in the laboratory. Results show that both in situ PHOSPHAX TP and NITRATAX NOx-N instruments can provide comparable data to that measured using samples analysed in the laboratory; however, at high discharge and low NOx-N concentrations, the NITRATAX can under report the concentration. In contrast, PHOSPHAX TRP and YSI sonde NH4-N data were both found to be incomparable to the laboratory data. This was because concentrations of both parameters were well below the instruments accurately determinable level, and because the laboratory data at low concentrations were noisy.

scholarly journals Determination of Surface Water Quality for Irrigation in Dinajpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1782-1791
Author(s):  
Md. Motaharul Islam ◽  
Mst. Taslema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Mofizul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Almost All

A research was carried out to assess the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. For this reason, 56 samples of surface water were collected from each union of Dinajpur sadar upazilla, Dinajpur. The analysis was included pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. Almost all the water samples were within the recommended pH value for irrigation and a great impact on crop production. With respect to electrical conductivity (EC) samples were low to medium salinity. For total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were considered as freshwater for irrigation. On the basis of Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- all samples could safely be used for irrigation and would not affect the soils.

Influence of Seasonal Temperature Variation on pH, Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand in Tamdil Lake, Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Lalzahawmi Chenkual ◽  
◽  
B.P Mishra ◽  
Laltan puia ◽  
Mary Lalthansangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Seasonal Temperature

Temperature is one of the most important ecological factors which play a significant role on the earth, and all the living organisms have evolved various methods to meet extremes of temperature. Seasonal temperature variations are quite significant in freshwater lakes and ponds. The present study deals with the effect of seasonal variations of water temperature on different water quality parameters of Tamdil lake, Mizoram, India, for a period of two years, i.e., from March, 2014 to February, 2016. The water samples were collected from five sampling sites, and the average reading was calculated for each of the water quality attributes namely, temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The water samples were analyzed monthly, and the results are computed on seasonal basis, i.e., pre-monsoon, monsoon, post- monsoon and winter seasons. Statistically, there was a positive and significant relationship between water temperature and pH, and negative significant relationship between temperature and DO. A negative correlation was observed between temperature and BOD. The result shows that there is a significant seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters. The lake has not reached the polluted stage yet.

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