scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of 3D Photogrammetric Models from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Drones ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barba ◽  
Maurizio Barbarella ◽  
Alessandro Di Benedetto ◽  
Margherita Fiani ◽  
Lucas Gujski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Definition Of

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric survey of an archaeological site has proved itself to be particularly efficient. In order to obtain highly accurate and reliable results, it is necessary to design carefully the flight plan and the geo-referencing, while also evaluating the indicators of the accuracy rate. Using as a test case a UAV photogrammetric survey conducted on the archaeological site of the Roman Amphitheatre of Avella (Italy), in this paper, we propose a pipeline to assess the accuracy of the results according to some quality indicators. The flight configuration and the georeferencing chosen is then be checked via the residuals on the ground control points (GCPs), evenly distributed on the edges and over the entire area. With the aim of appraising the accuracy of the final model, we will suggest a method for the outlier detection, taking into account the statistical distribution (both global and of portion of the study object) of the reprojection errors. A filter to reduce the noise within the model will then be implemented through the detection of the angle formed by homologous rays, in order to reach a compromise between the number of the usable points and the reduction of the noise linked to the definition of the 3D model.

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of a UAV Block by Different Software Packages, Processing Schemes and Validation Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Casella ◽  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Marica Franzini ◽  
Ambrogio Maria Manzino
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Bundle Block Adjustment ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Validation Strategy

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are heavily adopted nowadays to collect high-resolution imagery with the purpose of documenting and mapping environment and cultural heritage. Such data are currently processed by programs based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) concept, coming from the computer vision community, rather than from classical photogrammetry. It is interesting to check whether some widely accepted rules coming from old-fashioned photogrammetry still holds: the relation between accuracy and ground sampling distance (GSD), the ratio between the vertical and horizontal accuracy, accuracy estimated on ground control points (GCPs) vs. that estimated with check points (CPs) also in relation to their ratio and distribution. To face the envisaged aspects, the paper adopts a comparative approach, as several programs are used and numerous configurations considered. The paper illustrates the dataset adopted, the carefully tuned processing strategies and bundle block adjustment (BBA) results in terms of accuracy for both GCPs and CPs. Finally, a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation strategy is proposed to assess the accuracy for one of the proposed configurations. Some of the reported results were previously presented in the 5th GISTAM Conference.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF HERITAGE SITES USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Jo ◽  
J.Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Absolute Coordinate System

Three-dimensional digital documentation is an important technique for the maintenance and monitoring of cultural heritage sites. This study focuses on the three-dimensional digital documentation of the Magoksa Temple, Republic of Korea, using a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. Terrestrial laser scanning mostly acquired the vertical geometry of the buildings. In addition, the digital orthoimage produced by UAV photogrammetry had higher horizontal data acquisition rate than that produced by terrestrial laser scanning. Thus, the scanning and UAV photogrammetry were merged by matching 20 corresponding points and an absolute coordinate system was established using seven ground control points. The final, complete threedimensional shape had perfect horizontal and vertical geometries. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry for three-dimensional digital documentation. This new technique is expected to contribute to the three-dimensional digital documentation and spatial analysis of cultural heritage sites.

scholarly journals Accuracy assessment of plant height using an unmanned aerial vehicle for quantitative genomic analysis in bread wheat

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adeel Hassan ◽  
Mengjiao Yang ◽  
Luping Fu ◽  
Awais Rasheed ◽  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

scholarly journals Formation of unmanned aircraft trajectory when flying around prohibited areas

2022 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Lobaty ◽  
A. Y. Bumai ◽  
A. M. Avsievich
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aircraft Trajectory ◽  
Flight Route ◽  
Definition Of

Considered the problem of flying over restricted areas by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which have various shapes and restrictions, set on the basis of the international airspace classification system for aviation in accordance with the Chicago Convention and the recommended principles for the formation of forbidden zones, rules for creating a flight route along forbidden zones and actions in case of border violations of restricted areas. The problem of analytical synthesis of the control acceleration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is solved during its flight along a route passing along the boundaries of the forbidden zone of a given shape, along a given trajectory, which consists of subsequent segments located at the same height relative to the earth’s surface, in a given coordinate system. The optimal control synthesis problem is solved as an analytical definition of the optimal control of a linear non-stationary system based on the quadratic quality functional. A mathematical model of UAV motion in the horizontal plane is proposed, in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations in the Cauchy form. A law for measuring the control acceleration of the UAV’s center of mass is obtained on the basis of specifying the minimized quality functional and the corresponding constraints, which is a feature of the considered method of solving the problem. The proposed quality functional takes into account the parameters of coordinates and speed of the UAV, which correspond to the given points in the airspace, which characterize the necessary trajectory for flying around the restricted area. The derived mathematical dependences make it possible to implement them on board a UAV and minimize energy costs when guiding a UAV moving through specified points in space. Computer modeling of the derived analytical results, mathematical dependencies representing the optimal trajectory of the UAV flight along the boundaries of the forbidden zone, as well as the corresponding processes of changing the control acceleration and speed of the UAV movement was carried out, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the proposed method and the feasibility of its further use as a basis. for the initial stage of the synthesis of the UAV control system.

scholarly journals 3D MODEL GENERATION FROM UAV: HISTORICAL MOSQUE (MASJID LAMA NILAI)

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W6 ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
N. H. Mohd Nasir ◽  
K. N. Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
D Model ◽  
Accurate Record

Preserving cultural heritage and historic sites is an important issue. These sites are subjected to erosion and vandalism, and, as long-lived artifacts, they have gone through many phases of construction, damage and repair. It is important to keep an accurate record of these sites using the 3-D model building technology as they currently are, so that preservationists can track changes, foresee structural problems, and allow a wider audience to “virtually” see and tour these sites. Due to the complexity of these sites, building 3-D models is time consuming and difficult, usually involving much manual effort. This study discusses new methods that can reduce the time to build a model using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle method. This study aims to develop a 3D model of a historical mosque using UAV photogrammetry. In order to achieve this, the data acquisition set of Masjid Lama Nilai, Negeri Sembilan was captured by using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In addition, accuracy assessment between the actual and measured values is made. Besides that, a comparison between the rendering 3D model and texturing 3D model is also carried out through this study.

scholarly journals Photogrammetric 3D Model via Smartphone GNSS Sensor: Workflow, Error Estimate, and Best Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3616
Author(s):  
Stefano Tavani ◽  
Antonio Pignalosa ◽  
Amerigo Corradetti ◽  
Marco Mercuri ◽  
Luca Smeraglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Impact

Geotagged smartphone photos can be employed to build digital terrain models using structure from motion-multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry. Accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope sensors integrated within consumer-grade smartphones can be used to record the orientation of images, which can be combined with location information provided by inbuilt global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors to geo-register the SfM-MVS model. The accuracy of these sensors is, however, highly variable. In this work, we use a 200 m-wide natural rocky cliff as a test case to evaluate the impact of consumer-grade smartphone GNSS sensor accuracy on the registration of SfM-MVS models. We built a high-resolution 3D model of the cliff, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for image acquisition and ground control points (GCPs) located using a differential GNSS survey for georeferencing. This 3D model provides the benchmark against which terrestrial SfM-MVS photogrammetry models, built using smartphone images and registered using built-in accelerometer/gyroscope and GNSS sensors, are compared. Results show that satisfactory post-processing registrations of the smartphone models can be attained, requiring: (1) wide acquisition areas (scaling with GNSS error) and (2) the progressive removal of misaligned images, via an iterative process of model building and error estimation.

The Potential of Low Altitude Aerial Data for Large Scale Mapping

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhadija Darwin ◽  
Anuar Ahmad ◽  
Wan Abdul Aziz Wan Mohd Akib
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Photograph ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Erdas Imagine ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Low Altitude

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system offers many advantages in several applications such as topographic mapping, thematic mapping, slope mapping, geohazard studies, monitoring, etc. This study utilizes UAV system for large scale mapping by using a digital camera attached to a fixed wing UAV. The main objective of this study is to explore the potential of UAV for large scale mapping and to evaluate the accuracy of the photogrammetric output produced from the UAV system. The UAV was used to acquire low altitude aerial photograph based on photogrammetric technique and subsequently accuracy assessment is performed. The Ground Control Points (GCPs) and Check Points (CPs) were established using GPS rapid static technique for photogrammetric data processing. The GCPs were used in to produce 3D stereomodel and other photogrammetric output while the CP is used for accuracy assessment. For digital image processing of the aerial photograph and map production, Erdas Imagine 8.6 software is employed. For accuracy assessment, the coordinates of the selected points in the 3D stereomodel were compared to the conjugate points observed using GPS and the root mean square error (RMSE) is computed. From this study, the results showed that the achievable RMSE are ± 0.510 m, ± 0.564 m and ± 0.622 m for coordinates X, Y and Z respectively. For this study, the digital map was also produced using the photogrammetric technique and it is compared with an engineering plan produced from ground surveying technique (i.e. total station). From this study, it can be concluded that accuracy of sub-meter is achieved using the UAV system. Also, this study demonstrates that the UAV system has the potential for large scale mapping in the field of surveying and other diversified applications, especially for small area, minimum budget and less manpower. 

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