scholarly journals A Review on the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Imaging Sensors for Monitoring and Assessing Plant Stresses

Drones ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Imaging Sensors ◽  
Privacy Risks ◽  
Critical Overview

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a valuable tool to collect data in a variety of contexts. Their use in agriculture is particularly suitable, as those areas are often vast, making ground scouting difficult, and sparsely populated, which means that injury and privacy risks are not as important as in urban settings. Indeed, the use of UAVs for monitoring and assessing crops, orchards, and forests has been growing steadily during the last decade, especially for the management of stresses such as water, diseases, nutrition deficiencies, and pests. This article presents a critical overview of the main advancements on the subject, focusing on the strategies that have been used to extract the information contained in the images captured during the flights. Based on the information found in more than 100 published articles and on our own research, a discussion is provided regarding the challenges that have already been overcome and the main research gaps that still remain, together with some suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles enabled IoT Platform for Disaster Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Ejaz ◽  
Muhammad Awais Azam ◽  
Salman Saadat ◽  
Farkhund Iqbal ◽  
Abdul Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Iot Platform

Efficient and reliable systems are required to detect and monitor disasters such as wildfires as well as to notify the people in the disaster-affected areas. Internet of Things (IoT) is the key paradigm that can address the multitude problems related to disaster management. In addition, an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-enabled IoT platform connected via cellular network can further enhance the robustness of the disaster management system. The UAV-enabled IoT platform is based on three main research areas: (i) ground IoT network; (ii) communication technologies for ground and aerial connectivity; and (iii) data analytics. In this paper, we provide a holistic view of a UAVs-enabled IoT platform which can provide ubiquitous connectivity to both aerial and ground users in challenging environments such as wildfire management. We then highlight key challenges for the design of an efficient and reliable IoT platform. We detail a case study targeting the design of an efficient ground IoT network that can detect and monitor fire and send notifications to people using named data networking (NDN) architecture. The use of NDN architecture in a sensor network for IoT integrates pull-based communication to enable reliable and efficient message dissemination in the network and to notify the users as soon as possible in case of disastrous situations. The results of the case study show the enormous impact on the performance of IoT platform for wildfire management. Lastly, we draw the conclusion and outline future research directions in this field.

Blockchain Towards Secure UAV-Based Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-174
Author(s):  
lamia Chaari Fourati ◽  
Mohamed Fourati ◽  
Bilel Najeh ◽  
Aicha Idriss
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Challenges

During this last decade, the blockchain (BC) paradigm has been required in several use cases and scenarios in particular for security, privacy, and trust provisioning. Accordingly, several studies proposed the use of BC technology to secure and to assure the trustworthiness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this context, this chapter highlights several applications and scenarios for the deployment of UAVs within diverse smart systems. In addition, it illustrates the advantages of the integration of the BC within UAVs-based smart systems. This integration reveals new challenges and future research directions that are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Distributed Control of Networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Valley Area Coverage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mengji Shi ◽  
Kaiyu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Crash Avoidance ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Valley Area

The paper provides a novel cooperative motion scheme for networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to fully sweep-cover a priori unknown elongated areas with curved borders, which are termed “valley areas.” The UAVs’ motion is confined between the borders. Different from former research on straight-corridor-sweep-coverage, in each valley area, the width of different portions varies dramatically: the UAVs need to line up across the valley area to achieve full coverage of the widest portions while they can only pass through the narrowest parts one by one in a queue. The UAVs are provided with barrier detection and inter-UAV communication. According to the scheme, a distributed control law has been offered for discrete-time multi-UAV systems, guaranteeing crash avoidance and full coverage while considering the constrained mobility of the UAVs. Regular and extreme simulations are carried out to verify the efficacy and stability of the proposed algorithm. Solutions to U-shaped valley coverage and the case of insufficient UAVs available are discussed with validation simulations. Comparison simulations are conducted with respect to a line-sweep-coverage algorithm developed by a closely related work, and differences in performance are revealed subsequently. Conclusions are drawn with possible directions of future research.

scholarly journals The Trends in Research on the Effects of Biochar on Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7810
Author(s):  
Taotao Yan ◽  
Jianhui Xue ◽  
Zhidong Zhou ◽  
Yongbo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Subject Categories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Publications

The present study used bibliometric methods to analyze the literature regarding the biochar effects on soil that are included in the Web of Science Core Collection database and quantified the annual number of publications in the field and distribution of publications. Using CiteSpace as a visual analytic software for the literature, the distribution of the subject categories, author collaborations, institution collaborations, international (regional) collaborations, and cocitation and keyword clustering were analyzed. The results showed the basic characteristics of the literature related to the effects of biochar on soil. Furthermore, the main research powers in this field were identified. Then, we recognized the main intellectual base in the domain of biochar effects on soil. Meanwhile, this paper revealed the research hotspots and trends of this field. Furthermore, focuses of future research in this field are discussed. The present study quantitatively and objectively describes the research status and trends of biochar effects on soil from the bibliometric perspective to promote in-depth research in this field and provide reference information for scholars in the relevant fields to refine their research directions, address specific scientific issues, and help scholars to seek/establish relevant collaborations in their fields of interests.

PATENTS ON WARHEADS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Maciej Miszczak
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Foreign Patent ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents results of scrutinising through foreign patent publications on warheads integrated in wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) concerning especially the types and designs of warheads and their location against the onboard systems of recognition and target guidance and also against the systems controlling the status and operation of warheads. The review and analysis of patent publications was completed by a selection of patent descriptions [2-11] of 10 inventions on the subject matter committed in Israel, Germany, USA and UK between 1979 and 2011.

Knowledge Transfer Research in Virtual Contexts

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1002-1006
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Jun Ge ◽  
Wen Xia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Group Decision And Negotiation ◽  
Popular Subject

This study is a productivity review on the literature gleaned from SSCI, SCIE databases concerning knowledge transfer research in virtual contexts. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on this topic is still growing in recent years. The main research development country is the United States. And from the analysis of the subject area, communication is the most popular subject, then engineering, multidisciplinary, and management. Concerning source title, group decision and negotiation is in the priority. Moreover the research focuses are mainly theory model and empirical research; these typical references are analyzed in detail, including limitations and future research in this field.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for Autonomous Cargo Transportation Multirotor UAVs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Kotarski ◽  
Petar Piljek ◽  
Josip Kasać
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Advanced Tool

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proven to be an advanced tool for a variety of applications in the civilian and military sectors. Different categories of UAVs are used in various missions and are also the subject of numerous researches. Due to their characteristics and potential in specific conditions, multirotor UAVs imposes itself as a solution for many tasks, including transport. This chapter presents a conceptual solution of autonomous cargo transportation where the primary research objective is the design of a heavy lift multirotor UAV system. The process of designing a multirotor UAV that can carry heavy lift cargo is quite challenging due to many parameters and constraints. Five selected series of electric propulsion systems are analyzed, with different multirotor configurations, and results are graphically displayed for payloads from 10 kg up to 100 kg.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Energy Performance Contracting Research from 2008 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Hongping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Performance Contracting ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Energy Performance Contracting

Increasing research interests in energy performance contracting (EPC) has resulted in a large number of publications over the past decade. However, very limited attempts have been made to map the global research in this area. To identify the state of the field and trends in EPC research, the VOSviewer software package was used to conduct a series of content analyses and examine global patterns among publications, including the distribution of core authors and institutions, high-frequency categories and keywords, journal and author contributions, highly cited papers, etc. Based on a systematical and deeply qualitative analysis on the 127 identified papers, five mainstream research topics in EPC were summarized, covering implementations of EPC, mechanisms for effective EPC projects, stakeholder behaviors and decisions in EPC projects, energy service company (ESCO) in EPC projects, and risk management in EPC. In addition, six main research gaps in EPC were identified, including lack of effective measurement and verification of energy savings, limited studies on EPC projects in the residential sector, ineffective mechanisms to ensure post-EPC energy-saving, limited research on the dual relationships among EPC project stakeholders, how to improve the energy users’ (EU) attitudes/cognitions toward ESCO/EPC, and lack of effective mechanisms to prevent risks in EPC projects. Furthermore, based on the current EPC research topics and research gaps in EPC, six potential research directions in EPC in future were also explored, which are how to develop effective methods for measuring and verifying energy efficiency?, EPC diffusion issues in the residential sector, effective mechanisms to ensure post-EPC energy-saving, effects of cooperative and competitive relationships between EU and ESCO on the performance of EPC projects, how to improve the EU’s attitudes/cognitions toward ESCO/EPC, and how to deal with risks in EPC projects. The outcomes would be useful for understanding the latest development of global EPC research and guiding future research in the subject.

scholarly journals Overview of the Development of the Maritime Search and Rescue System in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Dario Medić ◽  
Anita Gudelj ◽  
Natalija Kavran
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search System ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Maritime Search And Rescue

According to the Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, saving human lives at sea is the duty of all signatory states. This paper analyzes and gives an overview of previous research activities in search and rescue system at sea and how the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can improve search and rescue actions at sea. Research activities include development of the search system and placement of resources that are used in search and rescue actions (ships, planes etc.). Previous research is mainly related to minimizing response time when accidents at sea are detected in relation to search and rescue missions. Implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles into the search and rescue system enables improvement of these actions due to earlier detection and verification of accidents at sea and prevents unnecessary search and rescue units engagement in cases when an accident did not occur. The results of previous research point to the fact that future research should aim to explore the synthesis of unmanned aerial vehicles with the existing search and rescue system at sea in Croatia.

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