scholarly journals Integrating 5S Methodology into Oral Hygiene Practice for Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Shiqian Gao ◽  
Chun Hung Chu ◽  
Fanny Yuk Fun Young
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Oral Hygiene Practice

Dementia is a clinical syndrome of loss of intellectual capability. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the dominant subtype of dementia and is common among the elderly. Because of impaired memory and disturbed executive functioning, the elderly with AD often have difficulty to perform oral hygiene practice and are at high risk of dental caries and periodontal diseases. These dental problems are ambulatory care-sensitive conditions where effective community dental care can help prevent the need for hospital admission. Community dental care practitioners can formulate effective strategies for the elderly with AD to reduce their risk of dental diseases. One of these strategies is to integrate 5S into oral hygiene practice. 5S was originally developed for organising spaces for people to work efficiently, effectively, and safely. It consists of five steps which are (i) sorting to remove unnecessary items, (ii) setting-in-order to place the items in order of flow, (iii) shining to clean and maintain the environment, (iv) standardising to establish discipline for good oral hygiene habits, and (v) sustaining to keep 5S going by auditing and improving the environment and oral hygiene practice. This system helps the elderly with AD to put things where they belong and keep the workplace clean. Moreover, it facilitates the elderly with AD to perform oral hygiene practice without wasting time and risking injury. This paper discusses the use of 5S to help the elderly with AD build and sustain an effective oral hygiene practice habit to improve their oral health.

scholarly journals Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practice among the Elderly People Attending at the Outpatient Department of BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S Debnath ◽  
MSA Farzan ◽  
I Zerin ◽  
MA Kabir ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Dental Research ◽  
Oral Hygiene Practice

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15573 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 17-21

scholarly journals Dysautonomia in Alzheimer's Disease

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Delia Tulbă ◽  
Liviu Cozma ◽  
Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu ◽  
Eugenia Irene Davidescu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Alzheimer’S Pathology

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its prevalence increases with age. Although there is a large amount of scientific literature focusing on Alzheimer's disease cardinal cognitive features, autonomic nervous system dysfunction remains understudied despite being common in the elderly. In this article, we reviewed the evidence for autonomic nervous system involvement in Alzheimer's disease. We identified four major potential causes for dysautonomia in Alzheimer's disease, out of which two are well-studied (comorbidities and medication) and two are rather hypothetical (Alzheimer's pathology and brain co-pathology). Although there appears to be some evidence linking Alzheimer's disease pathology to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, there is an important gap between two types of studies; histopathologic studies do not address dysautonomia manifestations, whereas clinical studies do not employ histopathologic diagnostic confirmation. Moreover, brain co-pathology is emerging as an important confounding factor. Therefore, we consider the correlation between dysautonomia and Alzheimer's disease to be an open question that needs further study. Nevertheless, given its impact on morbidity and mortality, we emphasize the importance of assessing autonomic dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer clinical syndrome.

Effect Of Nhexane Extract Of Caryota No Seed On Markers Of Neurodegeneration And Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chinonye A Maduagwuna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation

Study background: Chronic neuroinflammation is a common emerging hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions.

Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Sharifa Hasana ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md. Siddiqul Islam ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Ε4 Allele

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and this complex disorder is associated with environmental as well as genetic components. Early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD, more common) are major identified types of AD. The genetics of EOAD is extensively understood with three genes variants such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 leading to disease. On the other hand, some common alleles including APOE are effectively associated with LOAD identified but the genetics of LOAD is not clear to date. It has been accounted that about 5% to 10% of EOAD patients can be explained through mutations in the three familiar genes of EOAD. The APOE ε4 allele augmented the severity of EOAD risk in carriers, and APOE ε4 allele was considered as a hallmark of EOAD. A great number of EOAD patients, who are not genetically explained, indicate that it is not possible to identify disease- triggering genes yet. Although several genes have been identified through using the technology of next-generation sequencing in EOAD families including SORL1, TYROBP, and NOTCH3. A number of TYROBP variants were identified through exome sequencing in EOAD patients and these TYROBP variants may increase the pathogenesis of EOAD. The existence of ε4 allele is responsible for increasing the severity of EOAD. However, several ε4 allele carriers live into their 90s that propose the presence of other LOAD genetic as well as environmental risk factors that are not identified yet. It is urgent to find out missing genetics of EOAD and LOAD etiology to discover new potential genetics facets which will assist to understand the pathological mechanism of AD. These investigations should contribute to developing a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating, reversing and preventing AD. This article based on current knowledge represents the overview of the susceptible genes of EOAD, and LOAD. Next, we represent the probable molecular mechanism which might elucidate the genetic etiology of AD and highlight the role of massively parallel sequencing technologies for novel gene discoveries.

Easy Screening for Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Elderly Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Kato ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Takuto Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Objective: This study presents a novel approach for early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. The approach incorporates the use of speech sound analysis, multivariate statistics, and data-mining techniques. We have developed a speech prosody-based cognitive impairment rating (SPCIR) that can distinguish between cognitively normal controls and elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using prosodic signals extracted from elderly speech while administering a questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy-three Japanese subjects (73 males and 200 females between the ages of 65 and 96) participated in this study. The authors collected speech sounds from segments of dialogue during a revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R) examination and talking about topics related to hometown, childhood, and school. The segments correspond to speech sounds from answers to questions regarding birthdate (T1), the name of the subject's elementary school (T2), time orientation (Q2), and repetition of three-digit numbers backward (Q6). As many prosodic features as possible were extracted from each of the speech sounds, including fundamental frequency, formant, and intensity features and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. They were refined using principal component analysis and/or feature selection. The authors calculated an SPCIR using multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: In addition, this study proposes a binary discrimination model of SPCIR using multivariate logistic regression and model selection with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reports on the sensitivity and specificity of SPCIR for diagnosis (control vs. MCI/mAD). The study also reports discriminative performances well, thereby suggesting that the proposed approach might be an effective tool for screening the elderly for mAD and MCI.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias on Dental Care Utilization and Costs in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Sam Li ◽  
Isaac Donkor ◽  
Liang Hong ◽  
Kevin Lu ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dental Care Utilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract There is limited information on the impact of cognition function on dental care utilization and costs. This study used the Medicare current beneficiaries survey in 2016 and included 4,268 participants 65+. Dental care utilization and costs were measured by self-report and included preventive and treatment events. Negative binomial regression and generalized linear regression were used to examine the impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia (RD) on dental care utilization and costs. We found that AD was not associated with dental care utilization, but RD was associated with a lower number of total treatment dental care visits (IRR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37~0.98). RD was not associated with dental care costs, but AD was associated with higher total dental care costs (estimate: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.14~2.01) and higher out-of-pocket costs (estimate: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.17~2.32). AD and RD had different impacts on different types of dental care utilization and costs. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.

scholarly journals Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow to Changes in Arterial Pressure in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson R Zazulia ◽  
Tom O Videen ◽  
John C Morris ◽  
William J Powers
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Local Defect ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After

Studies in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) demonstrate impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to changes in arterial pressure and suggest that cerebrovascular dysfunction may be critically important in the development of pathological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the relevance of such a finding for guiding hypertension treatment in the elderly, we assessed autoregulation in individuals with AD. Twenty persons aged 75±6 years with very mild or mild symptomatic AD (Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5 or 1.0) underwent 15O-positron emission tomography (PET) CBF measurements before and after mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered from 107±13 to 92±9 mm Hg with intravenous nicardipine; 11C-PIB-PET imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also obtained. There were no significant differences in mean CBF before and after MAP reduction in the bilateral hemispheres (−0.9±5.2 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−3.4 to 1.5), cortical borderzones (−1.9±5.0 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.10, 95% CI=−4.3 to 0.4), regions of T2W-MRI-defined leukoaraiosis (−0.3±4.4 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.85, 95% CI=−3.3 to 3.9), or regions of peak 11C-PIB uptake (−2.5±7.7 mL per 100 g per minute, P=0.30, 95% CI=−7.7 to 2.7). The absence of significant change in CBF with a 10 to 15 mm Hg reduction in MAP within the normal autoregulatory range demonstrates that there is neither a generalized nor local defect of autoregulation in AD.

scholarly journals Isovitexin modulates autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease via miR-107 signalling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Jiang Cheng ◽  
Guowei Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Lina Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Ad Mouse Model ◽  
Mtor Signalling

AbstractBackground:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ultimately fatal, degenerative brain disease in the elderly people. In the current work, we assessed the defensive capability of isovitexin (IVX) through an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD mouse model.Methods:Mice were separated into four cohorts: sham-operated control mice; STZ-intoxicated Alzheimer’s mice; IVX cohort, IVX + STZ; and Ant-107 cohort, antagomiR-107 + IVX/STZ as in the IVX cohort.Results:The outcomes indicated that IVX administration ameliorated spatial memory loss and blunted a cascade of neuro-noxious episodes – including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and degraded myelin basic protein burden, neuroinflammation (represented by elevated caspase-1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels) and autophagic dysfunction (represented by altered LC3-II, Atg7 and beclin-1 expressions) – via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling axis. We considered the question of whether the epigenetic role of microRNA-107 (miR-107) has any impact on these events, by using antagomiR-107.Conclusion:This probing underscored that miR-107 could be a pivotal regulatory button in the activation of molecular signals linked with the beneficial autophagic process and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to IVX treatment. Hence, this report exemplifies that IVX could guard against Aβ toxicity and serve as an effectual treatment for patients afflicted with AD.

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