scholarly journals Correlation of s-IgA and IL-6 Salivary with Caries Disease and Oral Hygiene Parameters in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lo Giudice ◽  
Fabiana Nicita ◽  
Angela Militi ◽  
Rossella Bertino ◽  
Marco Matarese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Group ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Group B ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

This study evaluates salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in saliva of children and its correlation to tooth decay severity. Fifty-nine patients were divided into two groups: caries free (A group) and caries active (B group). B group was investigated according to Mount and Monse indices. Mean salivary IgA rate between two groups (A 16.7 ± 4.5 mg/dL vs. B 21.8 ± 12.9 mg/dL) was not significant, while IL-6 rate (A 19.02 ± 5.3 pg/mL vs. B 30.2 ± 11.8 pg/mL) was statistically different. This study revealed that salivary IL-6 levels were significantly higher in children with active caries when compared with the caries-free group, while the s-IgA rate showed no significant differences between the two groups.

scholarly journals Faster Short-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Cecum Following Polydextrose Ingestion Increases the Salivary Immunoglobulin A Flow Rate in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiya Morozumi ◽  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Masahiro To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a vital role in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In our previous study, we showed that the intake of carbohydrates increases the intestinal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn increase salivary IgA levels. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated in rats the effect of polydextrose (PDX) ingestion on salivary IgA level and SCFA concentration in cecal digesta and the portal vein. Five-week-old rats were fed with a fiber-free diet (control) or with 40 g/kg of PDX for 28 days. Compared to the control, ingestion of PDX led to a higher salivary IgA flow rate (p = 0.0013) and a higher concentration of SCFAs in the portal vein (p = 0.004). These two data were positively correlated (rs = 0.88, p = 0.0002, n = 12). In contrast, the concentration of SCFAs in cecal digesta and cecal digesta viscosity were significantly lower following PDX ingestion, compared to the control (p = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the ingestion of PDX increases the absorption rate of SCFAs in the intestine through PDX-induced fermentation, which is accompanied by an increase in SCFA levels in the blood, and ultimately leads to increased salivary IgA levels.

scholarly journals Salivary IgA as a Useful Biomarker for Dental Caries in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Hiba Hamid ◽  
Necdet Adanir ◽  
Faris Yahya Ibrahim Asiri ◽  
Khadijah Abid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to critically analyze and summarize studies reporting association of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels as a biomarker for dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients. Using the keywords salivary [All Fields] AND IgA [All Fields] AND (“down syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR (“down”[All Fields] AND “syndrome” [All Fields]) OR “down syndrome” [All Fields]), an electronic search was conducted via PubMed and Scopus databases by two authors, H. H. and Z. K. independently. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. To estimate the risk of bias, quality assessment of included studies was carried using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for observational studies. Primary search resulted in 10 articles from PubMed and 13 articles from Scopus. Ten studies fulfilled the defined selection criteria and evaluated the salivary IgA (sIgA) level in DS patients with dental caries. Five articles were further analyzed in a quantitative synthesis presented in the meta-analysis. Due to a modified lifestyle and compromised oral hygiene in DS patients, understandably, it is still postulated in the literature that the presence of sIgA can have a protective effect on the occurrence of dental caries as compared with healthy counterparts. As indicated by the present meta-analysis, no conclusions can be drawn as to definitively label sIgA as a biomarker for dental caries. Further, well-designed longitudinal clinical studies and translational research are therefore required before the benchmarking of sIgA as a useful biomarker for dental caries in DS patients with preferable molecular insights.

Self-Regulation of Salivary Immunoglobulin A by Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Karen Olness ◽  
Timothy Culbert ◽  
Donald Uden
Keyword(s):  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

In a prospective randomized controlled study, the possibility that children could regulate their own salivary immunoglobulins was investigated using cyberphysiologic techniques. Fifty-seven children were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group A subjects learned self-hypnosis with permission to increase immune substances in saliva as they chose; group B subjects learned self-hypnosis with specific suggestions for control of saliva immunoglobulins; group C subjects were given no instructions but received equal attention time. At the first visit, saliva samples (baseline) were collected, and each child looked at a videotape concerning the immune system and was tested with the Stanford Children's Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. At the second visit, an initial saliva sample was collected prior to 30 minutes of self-hypnosis practice or conversation. At the conclusion of the experiment, a third saliva sample was obtained. Salivary IgA and IgG levels for all groups were stable from the first to the second sampling. Children in group B demonstrated a significant increase in IgA (P < .01) during the experimental period. There were no significant changes in IgG. Stanford Children's Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale scores were stable across groups and did not relate to immunoglobulin changes.

Dynamics of salivary immunoglobulin A and serum interleukin 6 levels in newborn calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephani Fischer ◽  
Sophie Diers ◽  
Rolf Bauerfeind ◽  
Claus-Peter Czerny ◽  
Stephan Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

scholarly journals Characterization of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses in Children Heavily Exposed to the Oral Bacterium Streptococcus mutans: Influence of Specific Antigen Recognition in Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 5675-5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchele D. Nogueira ◽  
Alessandra C. Alves ◽  
Marcelo H. Napimoga ◽  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Renata O. Mattos-Graner
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Specificities ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

ABSTRACT The initial infection of children by Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, depends on the ability of S. mutans to adhere and accumulate on tooth surfaces. These processes involve the adhesin antigen I/II (AgI/II), glucosyltransferases (GTF) and glucan-binding protein B (GbpB), each a target for anticaries vaccines. The salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses to S. mutans antigens (Ags) were characterized in 21 pairs of 5- to 13-month-old children. Pairs were constructed with one early S. mutans-infected and one noninfected child matched by age, racial background, number of teeth, and salivary levels of IgA. Specific salivary IgA antibody response and S. mutans infection levels were then measured during a 1-year follow-up. Robust responses to S. mutans were detected from 6 months of age. Salivary IgA antibody to AgI/II and GTF was commonly detected in salivas of all 42 children. However, GbpB-specific IgA antibody was seldom detected in the subset of infected children (38.1% at baseline). In contrast, most of the subset of noninfected children (76.2%) showed GbpB-reactive IgA antibody during the same period. Frequencies of GbpB responses increased with age, but differences in intensities of GbpB-IgA antibody reactions were sustained between the subsets. At baseline, GbpB-reactive IgA antibody accounted for at least half of the total salivary IgA S. mutans-reactive antibody in 33.3 and 9.5% of noninfected and infected children, respectively. This study provides evidence that a robust natural response to S. mutans Ags can be achieved by 1 year of age and that IgA antibody specificities may be critical in modulating initial S. mutans infection.

Salivary IgA and pre-training wellness status across an international soccer qualifying and finals campaign (Euro 2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L Owen ◽  
Ryland Morgans ◽  
Ronan Kavanagh ◽  
Leo Djaoui
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Immunity Response ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

The aim of this investigation was to examine the salivary IgA (salivary immunoglobulin-A), RPE and pre-training wellness status across an international qualification and finals campaign. Data were collected for 37 elite male international soccer players (mean ± standard deviation, age: 24.9 ± 3.3 years; height: 182.5 ± 6 cm; mass: 73.1 ± 6.2 kg; positions: Goalkeeper, Center Defender, Wide Defender, Center Midfield, Wide Forward, and Center Forward) across two consecutive seasons. Training RPE, wellness questionnaire, and saliva samples were taken throughout the Euro 2016 qualifying and finals campaign. Results revealed how Readiness and Total Wellness (r = −0.28, p < 0.05) correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A, in the day preceding games (MD−1). No correlation between wellness and salivary immunoglobulin-A was observed in MD−4; however, Energy correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A between MD−3 and MD (from r = −0.18 to −0.22, p < 0.05), with significance observed between RPE and Total Wellness r = −0.22 (Total Wellness), r = −0.21 (Energy), r = −0.17 (Readiness), and r = −0.24 (Lower Body Soreness) (p < 0.05). It can be concluded from the data that all wellness markers except Sleep correlated to salivary immunoglobulin-A. Furthermore, it was revealed that Energy appeared to be the greatest wellness assessment marker related to salivary immunoglobulin-A. As a result of this specific investigation, it can be confirmed that the use of a pre-training subjective Wellness questionnaires may be a useful tool to monitor individual mucosal immunity response to training.

scholarly journals Influence of Periodizing Dietary Carbohydrate on Iron Regulation and Immune Function in Elite Triathletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah K. A. McKay ◽  
Ida A. Heikura ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Peter Peeling ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Iron Regulation ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Intensity Training

Sleeping with low carbohydrate (CHO) availability is a dietary strategy that may enhance training adaptation. However, the impact on an athlete’s health is unclear. This study quantified the effect of a short-term “sleep-low” dietary intervention on markers of iron regulation and immune function in athletes. In a randomized, repeated-measures design, 11 elite triathletes completed two 4-day mixed cycle run training blocks. Key training sessions were structured such that a high-intensity training session was performed in the field on the afternoon of Days 1 and 3, and a low-intensity training (LIT) session was performed on the following morning in the laboratory (Days 2 and 4). The ingestion of CHO was either divided evenly across the day (HIGH) or restricted between the high-intensity training and LIT sessions, so that the LIT session was performed with low CHO availability (LOW). Venous blood and saliva samples were collected prior to and following each LIT session and analyzed for interleukin-6, hepcidin 25, and salivary immunoglobulin-A. Concentrations of interleukin-6 increased acutely after exercise (p < .001), but did not differ between dietary conditions or days. Hepcidin 25 increased 3-hr postexercise (p < .001), with the greatest increase evident after the LOW trial on Day 2 (2.5 ± 0.9 fold increase ±90% confidence limit). The salivary immunoglobulin-A secretion rate did not change in response to exercise; however, it was highest during the LOW condition on Day 4 (p = .046). There appears to be minimal impact to markers of immune function and iron regulation when acute exposure to low CHO availability is undertaken with expert nutrition and coaching input.

scholarly journals The Alteration of Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyi Gong ◽  
Yanan Qiao ◽  
Bosheng Li ◽  
Xiaoguo Zheng ◽  
Ruihuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with changes in the gut and oral microbiota. Based on the intimate relationship between the oral microbiota and oral mucosal immunity, this study aimed to investigate changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level in ASD and the underlying mechanism for any such changes.Methods: We recruited 36 children diagnosed with ASD and 35 normally developing children and measured their salivary IgA content using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The valproate (VPA) -treated ASD mouse model was established by prenatal exposure to valproate and mouse salivary IgA content was also quantified by ELISA. The submandibular glands of VPA and control mice were isolated and analyzed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. ASD-related Streptococci were co-incubated with the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line, and western blotting was used to detect the levels of relevant proteins.Results: We found that salivary IgA content was significantly decreased in patients with ASD and had a significant ASD diagnostic value. The salivary IgA content also decreased in VPA mice and was significantly correlated with autistic-like behaviors among them. The mRNA and protein levels of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (Pigr) were downregulated in the submandibular glands of VPA mice and the Pigr mRNA level was positively correlated with mouse salivary IgA content. HSG cells treated with ASD-related Streptococci had reduced PIGR protein level.Conclusion: Therefore, protective IgA levels were reduced in the saliva of individuals with ASD, which correlated with the bacteria-induced downregulation of Pigr in salivary glands. This study suggests a new direction for ASD diagnosis and prevention of oral diseases in ASD cohorts and provides evidence for the ASD mucosal immunophenotype in the oral cavity.

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