scholarly journals Effect of Methods of Biosilicate Microparticle Application on Dentin Adhesion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Chinelatti ◽  
Egle Santos ◽  
Camila Tirapelli ◽  
Fernanda Pires-de-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Interface ◽  
Minimally Invasive Dentistry ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Microtensile Test ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Dentin Adhesive

Restorative procedures associated with bioglasses have shown to be a strategy to satisfy the contemporary concept of minimally invasive dentistry. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate bond strength to dentin treated by two different methods of biosilicate microparticle application. Dentin surfaces from 30 sound human molars were exposed and randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) according to the surface treatment: (1) blasting with biosilicate microparticles (distance = 1 cm/pressure = 5 bar/time = 1 min); (2) 10% biosilicate microparticles paste; and (3) control (no treatment). After, dentin surfaces were restored with self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy Bond) and nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350). Specimens were sectioned perpendicularly to the adhesive interface to obtain sticks (cross-section area = 1 mm2), which were submitted to microtensile test (0.5 mm/min; 50 kgf). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 5%). Dentin/adhesive interfaces were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data analysis showed that biosilicate-treated groups reached similar results (p > 0.05) and both of them demonstrated higher values (p < 0.05) than control group. SEM micrographs revealed hybridization with clear resin tags and no separation between resin-dentin adhesive interfaces. Within the limitations of this study, surface treatment with biosilicate positively influenced the adhesion to dentin and does not alter the morphology of the adhesive interface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of cooling strategies on recovery after surgical intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Engelhard ◽  
Pierre Hofer ◽  
Simon Annaheim
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cold Pack

IntroductionDifferent cooling strategies exist for emergency treatments immediately after sports trauma or after surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three cooling regimen during the immediate postoperative phase as well as in the rehabilitation phase.Methods36 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction received either no cooling (control-group, Con, N=12), were cooled with a menthol-containing cooling bandage (Mtl, N=12) or cooled with an ice containing cold pack (CP, N=12). During a 12-week physiotherapy treatment the cross section of the vastus medialis muscle was examined (day—1; 30; 60; 90) and painkiller consumption was documented.ResultsA significant reduction in the cross section area 30 days after surgery was observed in CP and Con (Mtl: −3.2±1.7%, p=0.14, CP: −8.8±4.3%, p<0.01, Con: −7.2±8.1%, p<0.05). After 90 days of therapy, a significant increase in muscle cross section area was observed in Mtl (Mtl: 4.6%±6.1%, p<0.05, CP: 1.9%± 8.1%, p=0.29, Con: 3.3%±9.4%, p=0.31). The absolute painkiller consumption was lower for Mtl (25.5±3.7 tablets) than for CP (39.5±6.9 tablets) or Con (34.8±4.2 tablets).ConclusionWe observed a beneficial effect of cooling by a menthol-containing bandage during the rehabilitation phase. Reduction of muscle cross section within 30 days after surgery was prevented which highly contributed to rehabilitation success after 90 days of therapy. Painkiller consumption was reduced with Mtl.

Multiple Submucosal Out-Fracture of the Inferior Turbinates: Evaluation of the Results by Acoustic Rhinometry

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Márquez ◽  
C. Cenjor ◽  
R. Gutierrez ◽  
J. Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Minimal Cross Section ◽  
Made In

A multiple submucosal out-fracture of the inferior turbinates was made in 21 patients with nasal obstruction due to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates. Before surgery, an endoscopic evaluation and an acoustic rhinometry was performed in all the cases. The operation was done under general anesthesia and bilaterally in all the patients. Three months after surgery, a postoperative acoustic rhinometry was done and an increase of the minimal cross-section area was achieved in all the cases. Acoustic rhinometry performed in 100 normal cases was used as a control group.

Thermoacoustic Shape Optimization of a Subsonic Nozzle

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Giauque ◽  
Maxime Huet ◽  
Franck Clero ◽  
Sébastien Ducruix ◽  
Franck Richecoeur
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Nozzle Flows ◽  
Subsonic Nozzle

Indirect combustion noise originates from the acceleration of nonuniform temperature or high vorticity regions when convected through a nozzle or a turbine. In a recent contribution (Giauque et al., 2012, “Analytical Analysis of Indirect Combustion Noise in Subcritical Nozzles,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbies Power, 134(11), p. 111202) the authors have presented an analytical thermoacoustic model providing the indirect combustion noise generated by a subcritical nozzle when forced with entropy waves. This model explicitly takes into account the effect of the local changes in the cross-section area along the configuration of interest. In this article, the authors introduce this model into an optimization procedure in order to minimize or maximize the thermoacoustic noise emitted by arbitrarily shaped nozzles operating under subsonic conditions. Each component of the complete algorithm is described in detail. The evolution of the cross-section changes are introduced using Bezier's splines, which provide the necessary freedom to actually achieve arbitrary shapes. Bezier's polar coordinates constitute the parameters defining the geometry of a given individual nozzle. Starting from a population of nozzles of random shapes, it is shown that a specifically designed genetic optimization algorithm coupled with the analytical model converges at will toward a quieter or noisier population. As already described by Bloy (Bloy, 1979, “The Pressure Waves Produced by the Convection of Temperature Disturbances in High Subsonic Nozzle Flows,” J. Fluid Mech., 94(3), pp. 465–475), the results therefore confirm the significant dependence of the indirect combustion noise with respect to the shape of the nozzle, even when the operating regime is kept constant. It appears that the quietest nozzle profile evolves almost linearly along its converging and diverging sections, leading to a square evolution of the cross-section area. Providing insight into the underlying physical reason leading to the difference in the noise emission between two extreme individuals, the integral value of the source term of the equation describing the behavior of the acoustic pressure of the nozzle is considered. It is shown that its evolution with the frequency can be related to the global acoustic emission. Strong evidence suggest that the noise emission increases as the source term in the converging and diverging parts less compensate each other. The main result of this article is the definition and proposition of an acoustic emission factor, which can be used as a surrogate to the complex determination of the exact acoustic levels in the nozzle for the thermoacoustic shape optimization of nozzle flows. This acoustic emission factor, which is much faster to compute, only involves the knowledge of the evolution of the cross-section area and the inlet thermodynamic and velocity characteristics to be computed.

An Analytical Method of Analyzing the Heat Conduction for the Unequal Cross-Section Straight Fin

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Peng Yun Song
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The cross-section area of straight fin is often considered to be equal in the thermal analyses of straight fin, but sometimes it is unequalin actual situation. Taking a straight fin with two unequal cross-sectional areas as an example,an analytical method of heat conduction for unequal section straight fin is presented. The analytical expressions of temperature field and heat dissipating capacity about the fin,which has a smaller cross-section area near the fin base and a larger one, is obtained respectively. The calculation results of the unequal cross-section are fully consistent with the equal area one, so the method is proved right. The results show that the larger the cross section areanear the base,the better is the heat transfer, and the temperature at the base with larger cross-section area is lower than that with smaller cross-section area when the amount of heat is fixed.

Rotational Temperature Measurement in Multicomponent Gases Using Raman Scattering Spectroscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hickman ◽  
A. E. Kassem ◽  
L. H. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rotational Temperature ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Scattering Experiment ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

The rotational temperature at pressures near 1 atm and at room temperature has been successfully measured using spectra obtained in an intracavity Raman scattering experiment. The accuracy of the method is sufficient to allow local temperature measurement of multicomponent gases with no disturbance in the temperature field. The advantage of the method lies in the fact that it does not require knowledge of the relative scattering cross-section area of the component gases.

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