scholarly journals Blood Ketone Bodies and Breath Acetone Analysis and Their Correlations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Saasa ◽  
Mervyn Beukes ◽  
Yolandy Lemmer ◽  
Bonex Mwakikunga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breath Acetone ◽  
Blood Ketone Bodies

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in the breath for disease detection and monitoring has gained momentum and clinical significance due to its rapid test results and non-invasiveness, especially for diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have suggested that breath gases, including acetone, may be related to simultaneous blood glucose (BG) and blood ketone levels in adults with types 2 and 1 diabetes. Detecting altered concentrations of ketones in the breath, blood and urine may be crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. This study assesses the efficacy of a simple breath test as a non-invasive means of diabetes monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human breath samples were collected in Tedlar™ bags and analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The measurements were compared with capillary BG and blood ketone levels (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) taken at the same time on a single visit to a routine hospital clinic in 30 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 28 control volunteers. Ketone bodies of diabetic subjects showed a significant increase when compared to the control subjects; however, the ketone levels were was controlled in both diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. Worthy of note, a statistically significant relationship was found between breath acetone and blood acetoacetate (R = 0.89) and between breath acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (R = 0.82).

Breath Acetone in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Naoko Tanda ◽  
Yoshinori Hinokio ◽  
Jumpei Washio ◽  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Takeyoshi Koseki
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Breath Acetone

scholarly journals The Value of Ketone Bodies in the Evaluation of Kidney Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yimei Li ◽  
Yongze Zhang ◽  
Ximei Shen ◽  
Fengying Zhao ◽  
Sunjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Circulating Levels

Objectives. Recent studies have shown that the slightly elevated circulating levels of ketone bodies (KBs) played a significant role in the treatment of various diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the association between different levels of KBs and kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A retrospective study of 955 patients with T2DM (426 women and 529 men) admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to September 2019 was conducted. Patients were divided into different groups in line with the levels of KBs (low-normal group: 0.02-0.04 mmol/L, middle-normal group: 0.05-0.08 mmol/L, high-normal group: 0.09-0.27 mmol/L, and slightly elevated group: >0.27 and <3.0 mmol/L). Results. In the present study, individuals with high-normal levels of KBs had the lowest risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and increased peak systolic velocity (PSV); those with middle-normal levels of KBs had the lowest risk of increased renal arterial resistive index (RI), with a positive correlation between increased α1-microglobulin and KB concentration. In addition, the indicators of glomerulus, renal tubules, and renal arteries were all poor with slightly elevated circulating levels of KBs, and KB concentration lower than 0.09 mmol/L can be applied as the threshold for low risk of renal function damage. Conclusions. In summary, slightly elevated circulating levels of ketone bodies are not of benefit for renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Gluconeogenesis in moderately and severely hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. E23-E30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Boden ◽  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
T. Peter Stein
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Insulin Deficiency

We tested the generally accepted concept that increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) are the main reasons for postabsorptive hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GNG was measured with the 2H2O method by use of both the C5-to-C2 ratio (C5/C2, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and the C5-to-2H2O ratio (C5/2H2O, with isotope ratio mass spectrometry), and EGP was measured with 3-[3H]glucose in 27 patients with T2DM [13 with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >10 mM and 14 with FPG <10 mM] and in 7 weight- and age-matched nondiabetic controls. The results showed 1) that GNG could be determined accurately with 2H2O by using either C5/C2 or C5/2H2O; 2) that whereas after an overnight fast of 16 h, GNG was higher in the entire group of patients with T2DM than in controls (6.4 vs. 5.0 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 or 60.4 vs. 51.4% of EGP, P < 0.02), GNG was within normal limits (less than the mean ± 2 SD of controls or <65.3%) in 11/14 (79%) patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia (FPG <10 mM) and in 5/13 (38%) of patients with severe hyperglycemia (FPG 10–20 mM); 3) that elevated GNG in T2DM was associated with a 43% decrease in prehepatic insulin secretion, i.e., with hepatic insulin deficiency; and 4) that FPG correlated significantly with glucose clearance (insulin resistance) ( r = 0.70) and with GNG ( r = 0.50) or EGP ( r = 0.45). We conclude 1) that peripheral insulin resistance is at least as important as GNG (and EGP) as a cause of postabsorptive hyperglycemia in T2DM and 2) that GNG and EGP in T2DM are increased under conditions of significant hepatic insulin deficiency and thus probably represent a late event in the course of T2DM.

scholarly journals Ketone Bodies Are Mildly Elevated in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Are Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance as Measured by the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Garcia ◽  
Irina Shalaurova ◽  
Steven P. Matyus ◽  
David N. Oskardmay ◽  
James D. Otvos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Background: Quantifying mildly elevated ketone bodies is clinically and pathophysiologically relevant, especially in the context of disease states as well as for monitoring of various diets and exercise regimens. As an alternative assay for measuring ketone bodies in the clinical laboratory, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based test was developed for quantification of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), acetoacetate (AcAc) and acetone. Methods: The ketone body assay was evaluated for precision, linearity and stability and method comparisons were performed. In addition, plasma ketone bodies were measured in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS, n = 1198; 373 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects). Results: β-HB and AcAc quantified using NMR and mass spectrometry and acetone quantified using NMR and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were highly correlated (R2 = 0.996, 0.994, and 0.994 for β-HB, AcAc, acetone, respectively). Coefficients of variation (%CVs) for intra- and inter-assay precision ranged from 1.3% to 9.3%, 3.1% to 7.7%, and 3.8% to 9.1%, for β-HB, AcAc and acetone, respectively. In the IRAS, ketone bodies were elevated in subjects with T2DM versus non-diabetic individuals (p = 0.011 to ≤0.001). Age- and sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that total ketone bodies and β-HB were associated directly with free fatty acids (FFAs) and T2DM and inversely with triglycerides and insulin resistance as measured by the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index. Conclusions: Concentrations of the three main ketone bodies can be determined by NMR with good clinical performance, are elevated in T2DM and are inversely associated with triglycerides and insulin resistance.

Abstract #1214: Decreasing Hypoglycemia Without Compromising Efficacy in an Aging Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2Dm) Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
Medha Munshi ◽  
Jasvinder Gill ◽  
Jason Chao ◽  
Elena Nikonova ◽  
Andreas Stuhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract #517: Predicting Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture by Bone Ultrasonography in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Franco Grimaldi ◽  
Laura Tonutti ◽  
Claudia Cipri ◽  
Cecilia Motta ◽  
Maria Antonietta Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Bone Ultrasonography
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document