scholarly journals Measurement of Blood Pressure by Ultrasound—The Applicability of Devices, Algorithms and a View in Local Hemodynamics

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Moritz Meusel ◽  
Philipp Wegerich ◽  
Berit Bode ◽  
Elena Stawschenko ◽  
Kristina Kusche-Vihrog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasive Arterial Pressure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects

Objective: Due to ongoing technical progress, the ultrasonic measurement of blood pressure (BP) as an alternative to oscillometric measurement (NIBP) or the continuous non-invasive arterial pressure method (CNAP) moves further into focus. The US method offers several advantages over NIBP and CNAP, such as deep tissue penetration and the utilization of different arterial locations. Approach: Ten healthy subjects (six female, aged 30.9 ± 4.6 years) volunteered in our investigation. In the ultrasonic BP measurement, we differentiated between the directly measured (pulsatile diastolic and systolic vessel diameter) and indirectly calculated variables at three different artery locations on both arms, with two different ultrasound devices in the transversal and longitudinal directions of the transducer. Simultaneously, NIBP monitoring served as reference BP, while CNAP monitored the steady state condition of the arm under investigation. The Moens–Korteweg algorithm (MKE) and the algorithm of the working group of San Diego (SanD) were selected for the indirectly calculated ultrasonic BP data. Main results: With US, we were able to measure the BP at each selected arterial position. Due to the investigation setup, we found small but significant interactions of the main effects. Bland and Altman analysis revealed that US-BP measurement was similar to NIBP, with superior accuracy when compared to the established CNAP method. In addition, US-BP measurement showed that the measurement accuracy of both arms can be regarded as identical. In a detailed comparison of the selected arterial vascular sections, systematic discrepancies between the right and left arm could be observed. Conclusion: In our pilot study, we measured BP effectively and accurately by US using two different devices. Our findings suggest that ultrasonic BP measurement is an adequate alternative for live and continuous hemodynamic monitoring.

scholarly journals Detection of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for caesarean section with continuous non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring and intermittent oscillometric blood pressure monitoring in patients treated with ephedrine or phenylephrine

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vukotic ◽  
Jasna Jevdjic ◽  
David Green ◽  
Milovan Vukotic ◽  
Nina Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Invasive Arterial Pressure

Introduction/Objective. Despite frequent side effects such as hypotension, spinal anesthesia (SA) is still one of the best anesthetic methods for elective cesarean section (CS). Intermittent, oscillometric, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBP) frequently leads to the missed hypotensive episodes. Our goal was to compare continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) monitoring with NIBP in the terms of efficiency to detect hypotension. Methods. In this study, we compared CNAP and NIBP monitoring for hypotension detection in 76 patients divided into two groups of 38 patients treated with ephedrine (E) or phenylephrine (P), during 3 min intervals, starting from SA, by the end of the surgery. Results. In group E, significantly lower mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) values with CNAP compared with NIBP (p = 0.008) was detected. CNAP detected 31 (81.6%) hypotensive patients in E group and significantly lower number 20 (52.6%) with NIBP (p = 0.001), while in P group CNAP detected 34 patients (89.5%) and NIBP, only 18 (47.3%), p = 0.001. CNAP detected significantly higher number of hypotensive intervals in E and P groups (p < 0.001). Umbilical vein pH was lower within hypotensive compared with normotensive patients in E and P groups, with CNAP and NIBP, respectively (p < 0.001, p = 0.027 in E, and p = 0.009, p < 0.001, in P group). Conclusion. CNAP is much more efficient in hypotension detection for CS during SA, which allows faster treatment of hypotension, thus improving fetal and maternal outcome.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Models for Wearable Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Gonçalves Seabra ◽  
Alexandre Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Thomas Stieglitz ◽  
Ana Belen Amado Rey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Medical Instrumentation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
The Us

<div>As cardiovascular diseases are one of the most prominent illnesses, a continuous, non-invasive, and comfortable monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is indispensable. This paper investigates the best method for obtaining highly accurate BP values in non-invasive measurements when using an ultrasound (US) sensor projected for a wrist-worn device. State-of-the-art BP models were analyzed and qualitatively compared. Relevant arterial parameters such as luminal area, flow velocity and pulse wave velocity, of 729 subjects were extracted from a computer simulated database and served as input parameters for the wearable US. A linear in-silico model calibrated to each arterial-site revealed to be most accurate model. The linear model was used for the extraction of BP by using the US sensor and validated with a commercial pressure sensor in an ex-vivo experimental setup. The results showed an in-silico pulse pressure correlation of 0.978 and mean difference of (-2.134±2.477) mmHg at the radial artery and ex-vivo pressure correlation of 0.994 and mean difference of (0.554 ± 2.315) mmHg. Thus, with the linear model, the US measurement complies with the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard with deviations lower than 5 mmHg.</div>

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Arterial Pressure Estimating With the Cardiac Monitor CardioQvark

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Сенько ◽  
O.V. Senko
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiac Monitor ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Invasive Arterial Pressure

The outcome of the research on possibility to non-invasively estimate systolic blood pressure is presented. The estimating was performed by applying machine learning techniques to the data acquired with the cardiac monitor CardioQvark. The developed in Russia cardiac monitor represents a portable device capable of registering synchronous electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram. The presented results confirm the possibility of constructing algorithms capable of estimating systolic blood pressure of individual patients. Also the possibility to construct general purpose algorithms, i.e. algorithms capable of estimating blood pressure of any patient without additional setup, was confirmed.

Anatomical and Morphological study of the Heart's Chambers and valves in Iraqi ducks Anser platyrhuncha

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mohammed Senna Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
High Pulse ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Pulse Rate

   Twenty Iraqi ducks hearts ( 10 male and 10 female ) have been  used for   demonstration  and illustration of heart's valves  and chambers  as well as  anatomical   and morphological site of view to explain what modifications had been take place for ducks heart  to perform  his normal life at the  circumstances  of  high  blood  pressure  and  pulse  rate. The heart  which has distinctly pointed  apex  was  built   in simple  manner located  in a transparent  taught  heart  pericardial  sac. It   was pyramidal in shape  externally  and  has a longitudinal  salcus  passing  to the  right  side, the  anterior of  the   heart  is  divided  into two  unequal  anterior  chamber  similar  to  those of mammalian  hear  .The heart valves are modified  in  order to  minimize  the  fraction  that occur as a result of  high  blood  pressure  and  pulse  rate  of  the  duck  heart , also  the  muscular  trabeculae   replace  the  chordate  tendineae  , which  were  present in the  mammalian    heart  in order to  minimize  the  fraction  resulting  from high  pulse  rate..    

Anti-System Politics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

Recent elections in the advanced Western democracies have undermined the basic foundations of political systems that had previously beaten back all challenges—from both the Left and the Right. The election of Donald Trump to the US presidency, only months after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, signaled a dramatic shift in the politics of the rich democracies. This book traces the evolution of this shift and argues that it is a long-term result of abandoning the postwar model of egalitarian capitalism in the 1970s. That shift entailed weakening the democratic process in favor of an opaque, technocratic form of governance that allows voters little opportunity to influence policy. With the financial crisis of the late 2000s, these arrangements became unsustainable, as incumbent politicians were unable to provide solutions to economic hardship. Electorates demanded change, and it had to come from outside the system. Using a comparative approach, the text explains why different kinds of anti-system politics emerge in different countries and how political and economic factors impact the degree of electoral instability that emerges. Finally, it discusses the implications of these changes, arguing that the only way for mainstream political forces to survive is for them to embrace a more activist role for government in protecting societies from economic turbulence.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

scholarly journals Differential effects of the blood pressure state on pulse rate variability and heart rate variability in critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Mejía-Mejía ◽  
James M. May ◽  
Mohamed Elgendi ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) utilizes the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been widely studied as a non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic activity. Pulse rate variability (PRV) utilizes photoplethysmography (PPG) and recently has been used as a surrogate for HRV. Several studies have found that PRV is not entirely valid as an estimation of HRV and that several physiological factors, including the pulse transit time (PTT) and blood pressure (BP) changes, may affect PRV differently than HRV. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PRV and HRV under different BP states: hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Using the MIMIC III database, 5 min segments of PPG and ECG signals were used to extract PRV and HRV, respectively. Several time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices were obtained from these signals. Bland–Altman analysis, correlation analysis, and Friedman rank sum tests were used to compare HRV and PRV in each state, and PRV and HRV indices were compared among BP states using Kruskal–Wallis tests. The findings indicated that there were differences between PRV and HRV, especially in short-term and nonlinear indices, and although PRV and HRV were altered in a similar manner when there was a change in BP, PRV seemed to be more sensitive to these changes.

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