scholarly journals The Use of Saliva as a Biosample in the Light of COVID-19

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Irena Duś-Ilnicka ◽  
Elżbieta Krala ◽  
Paulina Cholewińska ◽  
Małgorzata Radwan-Oczko
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Salivary Diagnostics ◽  
Source Of Information

Saliva is easy to collect and a biofluid that is readily available without the need for special equipment for its collection. The collection process, which is non-invasive and inexpensive, leads to obtaining a biomaterial that can serve as a source of information for molecular diagnostics of diseases in general medicine, genetics and dentistry. Unfortunately, many of the salivary methodologies are lacking important parameters to provide for not only the safety of the operator, but also the quality and reproducibility of the research. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, salivary diagnostics demonstrate a great potential for research of SARS-CoV 2. In this review, good practice for unstimulated saliva collection and patient preparation was provided, based on the latest literature and available guidelines. Schemes for saliva collection procedures were presented following an extended literature search. Descriptions of salivary probes/cups, techniques of saliva collection, and the use of specific buffering solutions for the stability of collected samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection were also evaluated.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Flexible Polymer Film Designed for a Textile Electrically-Conductive Path

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tabaczyńska ◽  
Anna Dąbrowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Anna Strąkowska
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
The Stability

Electro-conductive paths that are mechanically resistant and stable during simulated aging cycles are promising, in relation to the non-invasive application in e-textiles in our everyday surroundings. In the paper, an analysis of the influence of electro-conductive filler, as well as ionic liquid on surface resistance is provided. Authors proved that depending on the tested variant, obtained surface resistance may vary from 50 kΩ (when 50 phr of Ag and [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid applied) to 26 GΩ (when 25 phr of Ag and [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid applied). The samples were also evaluated after simulated aging cycles and the stability of electric properties was confirmed. Moreover, it was proved that the addition of ionic liquids reduced the resistance of vulcanizates, while no significant influence of the extrusion process on conductivity was observed.

scholarly journals A susceptibility locus on chromosome 13 profoundly impacts the stability of genomic imprinting in mouse pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Swanzey ◽  
Thomas F. McNamara ◽  
Effie Apostolou ◽  
Mamta Tahiliani ◽  
Matthias Stadtfeld
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genetic Determinant ◽  
Pluripotent Cells ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Epigenetic Instability ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
The Stability

SummaryCultured pluripotent cells accumulate detrimental epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation changes at imprinted genes known as loss-of-imprinting (LOI). Despite the substantial biomedical relevance of this phenomenon, the molecular cause of this epigenetic instability in pluripotent cells remains unknown. While the occurrence of LOI is generally considered a stochastic phenomenon, here we document a strong genetic determinant that segregates mouse pluripotent cells into epigenetically stable and unstable cell lines. Unstable lines exhibit hypermethylation at Dlk1-Dio3 and select other imprinted loci, which is associated with impaired developmental potential. Stimulation of demethylases by ascorbic acid prevents LOI and can preserve developmental potential. Susceptibility to LOI greatly differs between commonly used mouse strains, which we utilize to map a causal region on chromosome 13 with Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis. Our observations identify a strong genetic determinant of locus-specific epigenetic abnormalities in pluripotent cells and provide a non-invasive way to suppress them. This highlights the importance of considering genetics in conjunction with culture conditions for assuring the quality of pluripotent cells for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Biomimetic remineralization of acid etched enamel using agarose hydrogel model

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara El Moshy ◽  
Marwa M.S. Abbass ◽  
Amal M. El-Motayam
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Minimally Invasive Dentistry ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Agarose Hydrogel ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Acid Gel ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Minimally invasive dentistry aims to prevent progression of caries and treats non-cavitated lesions through non-invasive approaches to preserve the integrity of tooth structure. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible biomimetic effect of agarose hydrogel in remineralizing a human demineralized enamel model. Methods: Mandibular third molars were distributed into three groups (G1, G2 and G3) according to the follow up time (2, 4 and 6 days respectively). Caries like lesion was prepared by applying 37% phosphoric acid gel for 1 minute and then remineralization was performed through applying agarose hydrogel on the demineralized surfaces. The specimens were placed in phosphate solution at 37˚C for 2, 4 & 6 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface microhardness (SMH) and surface roughness analysis (SR) were performed to assess the regenerated tissue. Results: SEM revealed mineral depositions on the demineralized enamel surface that increased in density by time resulting in a relatively smooth surface in G3. SR and SMH analysis revealed significant differences between the remineralized enamel surfaces of different groups (p< 0.00001) with the highest SR in G1 and the highest SMH in G3. Conclusions: Agarose hydrogel application is a promising approach to treat early carious lesion. Further studies are needed to clarify the stability of agarose hydrogels in clinical application.

scholarly journals Wearable Intelligent System for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Diseases Working in Real Time and with Low Energy Cost

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Olga Valenzuela ◽  
Beatriz Prieto ◽  
Elvira Delgado-Marquez ◽  
Hector Pomares ◽  
Ignacio Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Advanced System ◽  
Source Of Information

Heart disease is currently one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. The electrocardiogram is an important source of information for identifying these conditions, therefore, becomes necessary to seek an advanced system of diagnosis based on these signals. In this paper we used samples of electrocardiograms of MIT-related database with ten types of pathologies and a rate corresponding to normal (healthy patient), which are processed and used for extraction from its two branches of a wide range of features. Next, various techniques have been applied to feature selection based on genetic algorithms, principal component analysis and mutual information. To carry out the task of intelligent classification, 3 different scenarios have been considered. These techniques allow us to achieve greater efficiency in the classification methods used, namely support vector machines (SVM) and decision trees (DT) to perform a comparative analysis between them. Finally, during the development of this contribution, the use of very non-invasive devices (2 channel ECG) was analyzed, we could practically classify them as wearable, which would not need interaction by the user, and whose energy consumption is very small to extend the average life of the user been on it.

scholarly journals COVID-19 salivary signature: diagnostic and research opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Sapkota ◽  
Tine Merete Søland ◽  
Hilde Kanli Galtung ◽  
Lars Peter Sand ◽  
Simone Giannecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Personnel Safety ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

The COVID-19 (caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) epidemic started in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) in mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. As a key to tracing the disease and to implement strategies aimed at breaking the chain of disease transmission, extensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested. Although nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs are the most commonly used biological samples for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, they have a number of limitations related to sample collection and healthcare personnel safety. In this context, saliva is emerging as a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring. Saliva collection, being a non-invasive approach with possibility for self-collection, circumvents to a great extent the limitations associated with the use of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs. In addition, various salivary biomarkers including the salivary metabolomics offer a high promise to be useful for better understanding of COVID-19 and possibly in the identification of patients with various degrees of severity, including asymptomatic carriers. This review summarises the clinical and scientific basis for the potential use of saliva for COVID-19 diagnosis and disease monitoring. Additionally, we discuss saliva-based biomarkers and their potential clinical and research applications related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Salivary proteomics in monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256167
Author(s):  
Sekkarin Ploypetch ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Janthima Jaresitthikunchai ◽  
Narumon Phaonakrop ◽  
Patharakrit Teewasutrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oral Melanoma ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Short Term Survival

Saliva biomarkers are suitable for monitoring the therapeutic response of canine oral melanoma (COM), because saliva directly contacts the tumor, and saliva collection is non-invasive, convenient and cost effective. The present study aimed to investigate novel biomarkers from the salivary proteome of COM treated with surgery and a chemotherapy drug, carboplatin, 1–6 times, using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach. The expression of a potential salivary biomarker, ubiquitin D (UBD), was observed and verified by western blot analysis. A significantly increased ratio of free UBD (fUBD) to conjugated UBD (cUBD) was shown in the pre-surgery stage (PreS) in OM dogs with short-term survival (STS) (less than 12 months after surgery) compared with that with long-term survival (more than 12 months after surgery). In dogs with STS, the ratio was also shown to be augmented in PreS compared with that after surgery, followed by treatment with carboplatin twice, 4 and 5 times [After treatment (AT)2, AT4 and AT5]. In addition, the expression of fUBD was enhanced in PreS compared with that of AT2 in the STS group. In conclusion, this study revealed that a ratio of fUBD to cUBD in PreS was plausibly shown to be a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in dogs with OM.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Dispersion of Viscoelastic Clusters in the Industrial Rotor-Stator Equipment

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolomiets ◽  
Tomas Jirout
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Complex Shear Modulus ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Complex Shear ◽  
Complex Rheology ◽  
Process Line ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
The Stability

Materials with complex rheology and viscoelasticity may require special equipment for processing, such as for dispergation. Rheological and mechanical data of the material can help with finding the required equipment or designing equipment. For highly viscous and complex material, a rotor-stator mixer can be a good choice for dispergation. Due to the laminar or creeping mechanism of flow inside the equipment, the dispergation mechanism is assumed to be a combination of the shear stress and slicing of the material by the rotor and stator blades. For the validation of the theory, the mechanical properties of the viscose identified in a previous work were used for comparison with the data from the CFD simulation of the rotor-stator mixer. The comparison showed that the rotor-stator device can overcome the complex shear modulus and ultimate strength of the material and homogenize the solution through a combination of the shear stress and slicing. The theory was also confirmed on the process line proposed for homogenization of the specific material. The stability of viscosity during the process of homogenization was measured and used as the main parameter for quality assessment.

scholarly journals Effect of Haemodialysis on QTc in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Gosavi ◽  
TV Pradeep ◽  
Amogh Ananda Rao ◽  
Sissmol Davis ◽  
Bharat Pulavarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease and mortality is twice as common in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) compared to the general population. The QT interval which depicts ventricular repolarisation, is a crude non-invasive marker of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. Effects of haemodialysis on corrected QT (QTc) interval in newly diagnosed CKD patients is undocumented till date. Aim: To assess the effect of haemodialysis on QTc in patients with newly diagnosed CKD. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 50 newly diagnosed CKD patients admitted for their first session of haemodialysis in the Departments of General Medicine and Nephrology, at Bapuji Hospital between October and November 2019. ECGs were recorded before the first and after the third session of haemodialysis. Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorous and calcium), blood sugar and haemoglobin levels before haemodialysis were recorded. QT interval was calculated and corrected using Bazett’s and Framingham’s methods. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple linear regression were used for analysis using Microsoft® Excel. Results: The mean predialysis QTc was 0.434 seconds and postdialysis QTc was 0.477 seconds. QTc prolongation was observed in 44 (88%) patients (mean=0.042 seconds). The QTc prolongation correlated positively with postdialysis QTc (p=0.00001, Framingham; p=0.0009, Bazett) (RBazett=0.61 and RFramingham=0.74). Conclusion: Substantial QTc prolongation after three sessions of haemodialysis screens a population that has a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular events. This warrants vigilant cardiac monitoring in patients on haemodialysis.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Rapid RT-LAMP Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Program in the Workplace

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W.M. Cook ◽  
Kaitlyn Kobasa ◽  
Marielou Tamayo ◽  
Natasha Theriault ◽  
Diane J.R. Gordon Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Second Wave

Rising SARS-CoV-2 cases, testing delays and the risk of pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission provided the impetus for an in-house rapid testing pro-gram. Employees and their household contacts were encouraged to self-collect saliva samples which were pooled for routine testing using an established colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay. In brief, individual or a maximum of four saliva samples were pooled, heat-inactivated to render microorganisms, especially SARS-CoV-2, non-infectious prior to being added to RT-LAMP assay tubes containing either human sample control gene, RNase P or a region of the SARS-CoV-2 gene, ORF1ab. During the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in November 2020, two samples from an employee and a member of their household tested positive via RT-LAMP within two days of each other. A delayed clinical qRT-PCR test confirmation of both individuals 5 days later underscores the power of routine rapid testing with within-the-hour turnaround times. Workplace rapid testing programs using RT-LAMP are flexible in their design, have a reduced cost compared to qRT-PCR, may involve non-invasive self-saliva collection for increased safety for the testing personnel, and can be performed with minimal training.

scholarly journals Candida in saliva of Brazilian hemophilic patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maranhão Pereira ◽  
Fábio Ramôa Pires ◽  
Maria Elvira Pizzigatti Corrêa ◽  
Osvaldo di Hipólito Júnior ◽  
Oslei Paes de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
And Control

Hemophilia is a common hereditary hemorrhagic disorder, however little is known about the oral microflora of hemophilic patients. The aim of this study was to quantify the Candida and identify its species in non-stimulated saliva of hemophilic patients, and consider its relationship with clinical factors influencing Candida carriage. This study comprised evaluation of 86 hemophilic patients of the Hematology Center/UNICAMP and 43 healthy subjects as controls. All patients were submitted to anamnesis, intraoral examination and unstimulated saliva collection. Candida counts and species identification were performed in salivary samples. Candida was present in 64% of the hemophilic patients and in 44% of the healthy controls. C. albicans represented 65% and 68% of the isolated species, in hemophiliacs and control group respectively, and C. tropicalis was the second most common species in both groups. These results indicate that hemophilic patients carry Candida more frequently and in higher counts than healthy controls, independently of oral clinical parameter considered, as viral infections, complete dentures, transfusions of hemoderivatives, and salivary flow.

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