scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Hypertrophic, Arrhythmogenic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Enrica Chiti ◽  
Marco Paolo ◽  
Emanuela Turillazzi ◽  
Anna Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Molecular Biomarkers ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of about 20 nucleotides in length, involved in the regulation of many biochemical pathways in the human body. The level of miRNAs in tissues and circulation can be deregulated because of altered pathophysiological mechanisms; thus, they can be employed as biomarkers for different pathological conditions, such as cardiac diseases. This review summarizes published findings of these molecular biomarkers in the three most common structural cardiomyopathies: human dilated, arrhythmogenic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cardiac Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M.W. Colpaert ◽  
Martina Calore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Inherited Cardiomyopathies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Since their discovery 20 years ago, microRNAs have been related to posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in major cardiac physiological and pathological processes. We know now that cardiac muscle phenotypes are tightly regulated by multiple noncoding RNA species to maintain cardiac homeostasis. Upon stress or various pathological conditions, this class of non-coding RNAs has been found to modulate different cardiac pathological conditions, such as contractility, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and inherited cardiomyopathies. This review summarizes and updates microRNAs playing a role in the different processes underlying the pathogenic phenotypes of cardiac muscle and highlights their potential role as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Cardiomyopathies: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7722
Author(s):  
Tiziana Ciarambino ◽  
Giovanni Menna ◽  
Gennaro Sansone ◽  
Mauro Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Athletic Field ◽  
Fibrofatty Tissue

Background: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by structural and functional alterations of the heart. Aims: The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the most important cardiomyopathies and their epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Clinical trials were identified by Pubmed until 30 March 2021. The search keywords were “cardiomyopathies, sudden cardiac arrest, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV), takotsubo syndrome”. Results: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common primary cardiomyopathy, with a prevalence of 1:500 persons. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a prevalence of 1:2500 and is the leading indication for heart transplantation. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common of the major cardiomyopathies, representing 2% to 5% of cases. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV) is a pathology characterized by the substitution of the myocardium by fibrofatty tissue. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is defined as an abrupt onset of left ventricular dysfunction in response to severe emotional or physiologic stress. Conclusion: In particular, it has been reported that HCM is the most important cause of sudden death on the athletic field in the United States. It is needless to say how important it is to know which changes in the heart due to physical activity are normal, and when they are pathological.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Neelam Shah ◽  
Bruna Zanetti ◽  
Marco Maugeri ◽  
Renata Silvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in Invadopodia: New Insights Into Cancer Metastasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiya Li ◽  
Burton B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Therapeutic Context ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Invadopodia are actin-rich structures and their formation is implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Growing evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in pathological conditions, including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although this is still a new area of research, ncRNAs appear to be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis. However, understanding the roles of ncRNAs in invadopodia is still in the early stages and far from clinical application. In this mini-review, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in invadopodia functions and discuss them in a therapeutic context. The current challenges and gaps in this field are also raised, and we provide some open questions to facilitate new ideas in targeting invadopodia in anticancer therapy.

Malaria blood mass

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-953
Author(s):  
G. Y. Repin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Along with the progress of medical knowledge, the discovery of new methods of research, both clinical and laboratory, the concepts of some pathological conditions of the human body are changing.

Childhood cardiomyopathy

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1554-1560
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Kaski ◽  
Gabrielle Norrish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
True Prevalence

Cardiomyopathy in childhood is a rare and heterogeneous disease. The true prevalence is unknown; however, epidemiological studies from the United States, Australia, and Finland have reported an annual incidence of between 0.65 and 12.4 per 100,000. The most common type of cardiomyopathy in childhood is dilated cardiomyopathy followed by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while restrictive cardiomyopathy and other forms are much rarer (58.6% vs 25.5% vs 2.5% respectively). Although children may present at any age, the majority present under 1 year of age (63.4%).

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