scholarly journals Current Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Bordin ◽  
Irina N. Voynovan ◽  
Dmitrii N. Andreev ◽  
Igor V. Maev
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
H Pylori

The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and the variety of gastroduodenal diseases caused by this pathogen necessitate the use of only accurate methods both for the primary diagnosis and for monitoring the eradication effectiveness. There is a broad spectrum of diagnostic methods available for detecting H. pylori. All methods can be classified as invasive or non-invasive. The need for upper endoscopy, different clinical circumstances, sensitivity and specificity, and accessibility defines the method chosen. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the current options and novel developments in diagnostic tests for H. pylori detection. The progress in endoscopic modalities has made it possible not only to diagnose precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer but also to predict H. pylori infection in real time. The contribution of novel endoscopic evaluation technologies in the diagnosis of H. pylori such as visual endoscopy using blue laser imaging (BLI), linked color imaging (LCI), and magnifying endoscopy is discussed. Recent studies have demonstrated the capability of artificial intelligence to predict H. pylori status based on endoscopic images. Non-invasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breathing test and stool antigen test are recommended for primary diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serology can be used for initial screening and epidemiological studies. The histology showed its value in detecting H. pylori and provided more information about the degree of gastric mucosa inflammation and precancerous lesions. Molecular methods are mainly used in detecting antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. Cultures from gastric biopsies are the gold standard and recommended for antibiotic susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Current situation of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-6
Author(s):  
Ari F. Syam
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genotype Information ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Low Prevalence

Data epidemiologi infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) terus berubah dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Indonesia dilaporkan memiliki prevalensi infeksi H. pylori yang rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia. Beberapa penelitian di Indonesia melaporkan bahwa sanitasi yang buruk, usia, agama, etnis merupakan faktor risiko untuk infeksi H. pylori. Dibandingkan dengan tes diagnostik lainnya, tes urine merupakan tes yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendeteksi H. pylori di Indonesia karena tes tersebut bersifat non-invasif dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau dan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada beberapa etnis di Indonesia, peneliti masih memiliki beberapa pertanyaan yang belum terjawab mengenai infeksi H. pylori di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan untuk membangun pusat penelitian H. pylori yang menyediakan fasilitas untuk kultur, evaluasi resistensi antibiotik, dan memperoleh informasi genotipe yang dapat menjelaskan perbedaan dalam infeksi H. pylori di antara berbagai etnis di Indonesia The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been changing over the past decades. Indonesia was reported have a low prevalence of H. pylori infection compared to other countries in Asia. Some studies in Indonesia have evaluated that poor sanitation, age, religion, ethnicity are the risk factors for H. pylori infection. Compared to other diagnostic tests, the urine test will be reliable for the detection of H. pylori in Indonesia because it is non-invasive and low cost with high accuracy. Although we have already performed studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in several ethnics, we still have some questions that remain unclear regarding H. pylori infection in Indonesia. Therefore, we have a need to build a H. pylori center that provide facilities for culturing, evaluating antibiotic resistance, and obtaining the genotype information that may explain the differences in H. pylori infection among ethnic groups in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a stool antigen test using a mAb for native catalase for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Okuda ◽  
Takako Osaki ◽  
Shogo Kikuchi ◽  
Junko Ueda ◽  
Yingsong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori

Non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is important not only for screening of infection but also for epidemiological studies. Stool antigen tests are non-invasive and are convenient to identify H. pylori infection, particularly in children. We evaluated the stool antigen test, which uses a mAb for native catalase of H. pylori developed in Japan. A total of 151 stool samples were collected from participants (52 children and 99 adults) of the Sasayama Cohort Study and stored between −30 and −80 °C. The stool antigen test used was Testmate pylori antigen (TPAg), and was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Furthermore, we conducted a quantitative real-time PCR test and compared the PCR results with those of the TPAg test. When compared with the results in real-time PCR, the sensitivity of TPAg was 89.5 % overall, 82.7 % for children and 92.4 % for adults, and the specificity was 100 %. The accuracy was 93.4 % overall, 90.4 % for children and 94.9 % for adults, and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of TPAg between children and adults. Five of 28 children (18 %) and five of 38 adults (13 %) were PCR positive with negative TPAg results. Four of five children with positive PCR and negative TPAg results were given a 13C-urea breath test and all four children tested negative. No significant correlation was observed between the TPAg results and DNA numbers of H. pylori in faeces among children or adults. A stool antigen test (TPAg) using a mAb for native catalase is useful for diagnosis of H. pylori in children and adults. Additionally, this test has particularly high specificity.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori prevalence in healthy Mexican children: comparison between two non-invasive methods

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11546
Author(s):  
Verónica I. Martínez-Santos ◽  
Manuel Hernández Catalán ◽  
Luis Octavio Ojeda Salazar ◽  
Octavio Andrei Orozco Gómez ◽  
Sandra Ines Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
H Pylori

Background Helicobacter pylori detection in asymptomatic children with suspected infection or with symptoms that suggest gastric pathology is problematic, since most of the methods depend on the endoscopic study, an invasive and expensive method. Non-invasive methods can be a feasible alternative but must be validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concordance between H. pylori DNA detection in saliva and dental plaque by PCR, with antigen detection in stool by immunochromatography, among asymptomatic children in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Methods Dental plaque, saliva, and stool samples were obtained from 171 children between 6 and 12 years old. H. pylori detection in saliva and dental plaque was performed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene, while the detection in stool samples was performed by immunochromatography using the CerTest kit. Results We found an overall H. pylori prevalence of 59.6% (102/171). Of the H. pylori positive children 18% (20/111) were positive in saliva samples, 28.1% (34/121) in dental plaque samples, and 50.4% (71/141) in stool samples. A higher prevalence was found in girls (64.7%, p = 0.002). Although some of the children declared some dyspeptic symptoms, these were no related to H. pylori. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic children and the highest proportion was detected by stool antigen test, which was the most feasible method to detect H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION DISEASES, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND DIAGNOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Bolai Paul ◽  
Senthil Adimoolam ◽  
Mohd Javed Qureshi ◽  
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori

Objective: The aim of the study was designed to assess the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori, affecting disease by this infection and diagnostic methods which are used to detect H. pylori.Methods: A wide literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Educational Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, and review of appropriate epidemiologic studies conducted from 1995 to 2017 for studies fully published investigating a contribution between H. pylori infection, antibiotic resistance, and diagnosis of H. pylori infection.Results: H. pylori infection is extremely contributed to the main symptoms and death that is currently affecting 50–75% of the people in the world. It is more affected in developing countries compared to developed countries. These infections are regarded to be the most important reasons for gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinoma. About 90–100% of duodenal ulcers and 60–90% of gastric ulcers were associated with H. pylori infections. At present, antibiotic resistance is a growing problem for the eradication of H. pylori infection; it contains metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin resistance. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection is a crucial part for the better treatment of those diseases. Different types of testing method for H. pylori infection are used including invasive (endoscopic image, histology, rapid urease test, and culture) and non-invasive (urea breath test, stool antigen test, and serological).Conclusion: H. pylori antibiotic resistance is the major contributor to the failure of H. pylori treatment. Appropriate diagnostic method selected in detecting H. pylori antibiotic resistance may lead to reduced treatment failures and less antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rapid stool antigen test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Salma Khatun ◽  
Fahmida Rahman ◽  
Khandaker Shadia ◽  
Indrajit Kumar Dutta ◽  
Mohammad Nazmul Hoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
H Pylori

Background and objectives: Several diagnostic assays are used for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in suspected peptic ulcer cases. H. pylori stool antigen test is a non-invasive method for the detection of active infection. The present study has evaluated the efficacy of rapid stool antigen test to diagnose H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia.Materials and methods: Adult patients with complains of dyspepsia attending the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases (GHPD) of BIRDEM hospital for endoscopy were included. Gastric biopsy, blood and stool samples were obtained from each participant after informed written consent. Rapid urease test (RUT), serum H. pylori immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG and rapid H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) tests were performed. Only stool samples were obtained from 31 neonates aged 1 to 30 days as negative control for HpSAg test.Results: A total of 91 adult patients with complain of dyspepsia were included in the study. Out of 91 cases, 17 (18.7%) and 74 (81.3%) had peptic ulcer and erosion respectively. HpSAg was positive in 63.7% cases compared to 42.9% and 62.6% respectively by RUT and IgA. The rate of HpSAg positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ulcer compared to erosion cases. HpSAg test was positive in all (100%) RUT positive cases. Combination of HpSAg test and IgA yielded highest positive result in both ulcer (82.4%) and erosion (84%) cases. H. pylori IgG was positive in all cases.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that HpSAg test is an effective and non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect active H. pylori infection in suspected dyspeptic patients.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(2): 39-44

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Laboratory Tests to Diagnose Helicobacter pylori Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Shahin Ul Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Mst Naznin Sarker ◽  
ASM Salimullah ◽  
Mohammad Asadur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative bacteria which causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, primary B-cell gastric lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. There are a set of laboratory tests to diagnose H. pylori infection with a variable accuracy, they are divided into non-invasive tests and invasive tests. Non-invasive tests include serology, urea breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT). Invasive tests include rapid urease test (RUT), histology and culture. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and H. pylori laboratory of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) from July 2008 to September 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of RUT, SAT and Culture as a diagnostic tool for H. pylori. Dyspeptic patients were collected from outpatient department of BSMMU. Out of 224 dyspeptic patients 149 patients had ulcers or erosions in the stomach or duodenum. Stool sample could be collected from 139 patients. RUT has sensitivity of 100%, specificity 80.28%, positive predictive value 85% and negative predictive value 100%. Regarding culture, sensitivity is 100%, specificity 94.37%, positive predictive value 95% and negative predictive value 100%. Stool antigen test has sensitivity 95.94%, specificity 92.31%,positive predictive value 93% and negative predictive value 95%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i1.16890 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(1): 11-14

scholarly journals Non-invasive stool antigen test for screening of Helicobacter pylori infection and assessing efficacy of treatment in patients with peptic ulcer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Rezina Karim ◽  
SM Moslehuddin Ahmed ◽  
Fahmida Begum
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
World Population ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infections in humans, with an estimated 50% of the world population being infected.  The infection is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, adenocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of stomach. The prevalence of infection is high in developing countries, demanding a reliable diagnostic and treatment method. The present study was designed to investigate the monoclonal antibody-based H. Pylori stool antigen test to screen H. pylori infection and assess efficacy of treatment in patients with peptic ulcer. A total of 89 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from July 2007 to June 2008 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were included in the study. Endoscopic findings showed that out of 89 patients, 54 (60.7%) had duodenal ulcers, 24 (27%) had antral erosion and 5 (5.6%) had gastric ulcers. With RUT (rapid urease test) and histopathology of biopsy samples of 89 patients, 78 (87.6%) patients were found to be H. pylori positive. Stool antigen test was positive in 72 (92.3%) out of 78 H. pylori positive patients. The monoclonal stool antigen test (SAT) revealed 92.3% sensitivity and specificity of 100% before treatment. Among 52 follow-up patients (after treatment), 5 (9.6%) patients were detected positive by histology, RUT and stool antigen test, and 35 (67.3%) patients were negative by 3 tests. So the monoclonal SAT revealed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity after treatment. The monoclonal stool antigen test is highly sensitive and a specific tool for diagnosis of H. pylori infection before therapy and can assess the success of eradication after therapy. It also offers the advantage of specificity and reliability over the invasive test.  It is easy and quick to use, non-invasive and does not require any special technology.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 28-33 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15262

Diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Molostova ◽  
N. S. Gladyshev ◽  
A. V. Svarval ◽  
R. S. Ferman ◽  
A. B. Karasyova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Biochemical Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Positive Results

(HP) infection was performed using invasive and non-invasive methods. The study group consisted of 95 patients with dyspepsia. HP infection was detected in 47 patients (49.4 %). The expediency of using a set of diagnostic methods for detecting HP (PCR, immunochromatographic, bacteriological and method for determining urease activity) is proved. Most often (100 %) in patients HP infection was detected in biopsies using the PCR method. Somewhat less frequently it was detected when examining biopsies with an invasive biochemical method (AMA RUT Reader) (82 %) and fecal immunochromatographic method (83 %). Despite the fact that helicobacteriosis was detected bacteriologically in a small number of patients (24 %), this method is of particular value, since it allows you to assess the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs and probiotics, and does not give false positive results.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in Helicobacter pylori Associated Gastritis and Scope of Special Stain and Immunohistochemistry as Diagnostic Aids

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (50) ◽  
pp. 3027-3032
Author(s):  
Ruby Elizabeth Elias ◽  
Bindiya Gisuthan ◽  
Sreeganesh A.S
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Special Stain ◽  
Frequent Finding ◽  
H Pylori

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis plays a vital role in the development of majority of gastric adenocarcinomas and most gastric MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue) lymphomas. Many diagnostic methods are available for the identification of this organism. However, in gastroenterology practice, histopathological examination of biopsy samples provides visual identification of the pathogen and the associated mucosal changes with special stains like Giemsa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three stains H & E- (Haematoxylin and Eosin), Giemsa and IHC (Immunohistochemistry) in the identification of H. pylori. Associated histologic changes were noted and the relationship between the degree of colonisation and the activity and chronicity of gastritis were analysed. METHODS 585 gastric biopsies taken from dyspeptic patients were evaluated for gastritis, based on updated Sydney System. In 250 randomly selected cases, three staining methods were used. RESULTS Out of 585 cases, 413 (70.60 %) had features of chronic gastritis. Mild chronic gastritis was the commonest finding and is seen in most cases of mild H. pylori colonisation. When activity was monitored, mild activity was the most frequent finding [225 (38.46 %)]. Majority of the severe activity cases showed severe H. pylori colonisation. 13.16 %, 4.79 % and 7.35 % showed intestinal metaplasia, atrophy and dysplastic changes respectively. Out of 250 cases, H & E and Giemsa stains showed 45.6 % and 57.2 % positivity while IHC demonstrated maximum number of positivity (156 cases - 62.4 %). Sensitivity and specificity of H & E was found to be 77.90 % and 98.95 %, positive predictive value was 99.13 % and negative predictive value was 69.18 %. For Giemsa stain, sensitivity was 91.67 %, specificity was 100 %, positive predictive value was 100 % and negative predictive value was 87.85 %. DISCUSSION H. pylori gastritis was a frequent finding in dyspeptic patients in southern part of India. When chi-square test was done, a significant statistical relationship between the severity of H. pylori colonisation, activity and chronicity of gastritis was noted. P value was < 0.001. With the use of special stain, Giemsa and ancillary techniques like IHC, the detection rate of H. pylori was enhanced considerably. CONCLUSIONS With increasing number of H. pylori in the mucosa, there was increase in the chronicity and activity of gastritis. Although immunohistochemistry revealed more cases of H. pylori, Giemsa can be a cost-effective substitute, because of its high specificity and positive predictive value. KEYWORDS H. pylori Gastritis, Giemsa, Haematoxylin and Eosin Stain, Immunohistochemistry

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Diagnostic Methods in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Faten A. S. Alsulaimany ◽  
Zuhier A. Awan ◽  
Ahmad M. Almohamady ◽  
Mohammed I. Koumu ◽  
Bassam E. Yaghmoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
H Pylori

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common worldwide and may cause gastroduodenal complications, including cancer. In this review, we examine the prevalence and distribution of various H. pylori genotypes and the risk factors for H. pylori infection, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We also introduce different global screening methods and guidelines and compare them to those currently in use in the MENA region. Materials and Methods: We searched the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Saudi Digital Library (SDL) databases for clinical trials and articles published in English. The data collection was mainly focused on MENA countries. However, for H. pylori genotypes and diagnostic methods, studies conducted in other regions or reporting global practices and guidelines were also included to allow a comparison with those in the MENA region. We also included studies examining the prevalence of H. pylori infection in healthy participants. Results: H. pylori infection is highly prevalent in the MENA region, mainly because of the accumulation of risk factors in developing countries. Herein, we highlight a lack of good quality studies on the prevalence of various H. pylori genotypes in the MENA region as well as a need for standard diagnostic methods and screening guidelines. Due to the complications associated with H. pylori, we recommend routine screening for H. pylori infection in all gastroenterology patients admitted in the MENA region. Conclusion: Concerted effort will first be required to validate affordable, non-invasive, and accurate diagnostic methods and to establish local guidelines with adapted cut-off values for the interpretation of the test results.

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