scholarly journals Myocardial Postsystolic Shortening and Early Systolic Lengthening: Current Status and Future Directions

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Philip Brainin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Myocardial Deformation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Clinical Potential

The concept of paradoxical myocardial deformation, commonly referred to as postsystolic shortening and early systolic lengthening, was originally described in the 1970s when assessed by invasive cardiac methods, such as ventriculograms, in patients with ischemia and animal experimental models. Today, novel tissue-based imaging technology has revealed that these phenomena occur far more frequently than first described. This article defines these deformational patterns, summarizes current knowledge about their existence and highlights the clinical potential associated with their understanding.

scholarly journals Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation in Large Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Weican Wan ◽  
Xianyu Zhang ◽  
Zhenfang Wu ◽  
Huaqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cell ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Male Treatment

Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT) can restore male fertility through transfer of germline between donor and recipient males. From an agricultural perspective, SSCT could be an important next-generation reproductive and breeding tool in livestock production. Current SSCT approaches in large animals remain inefficient and many technical details need further investigation. This paper reviews the current knowledge on SSCT in large animals, addressing (1) donor spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) preparation, (2) recipient male treatment, and (3) SSC injection, homing, and detection. The major studies showing unequivocal evidence of donor SSC-derived spermatogenesis in large animals (mainly in livestock for breeding purpose) are summarized to discuss the current status of the field and future directions.

scholarly journals Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne F. L. van den Broek ◽  
Ilke De Boeck ◽  
Filip Kiekens ◽  
An Boudewyns ◽  
Olivier M. Vanderveken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Clinical Potential

SUMMARYThe microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) protects the host from bacterial pathogenic colonization by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by immune response regulation that includes the activation of antimicrobial and (anti-)inflammatory components. However, environmental or host factors can modify the microbiota to an unstable community that predisposes the host to infection or inflammation. One of the URT diseases most often encountered in children is otitis media (OM). The role of pathogenic bacteria likeStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalisin the pathogenesis of OM is well documented. Results from next-generation-sequencing (NGS) studies reveal other bacterial taxa involved in OM, such asTuricellaandAlloiococcus. Such studies can also identify bacterial taxa that are potentially protective against URT infections, whose beneficial action needs to be substantiated in relevant experimental models and clinical trials. Of note, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are members of the URT microbiota and associated with a URT ecosystem that is deemed healthy, based on NGS and some experimental and clinical studies. These observations have formed the basis of this review, in which we describe the current knowledge of the molecular and clinical potential of LAB in the URT, which is currently underexplored in microbiome and probiotic research.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in Acral and Mucosal Melanoma: Current Status and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Mao ◽  
Zhonghui Qi ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Lu Si
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Melanoma Subtypes ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Pathological Subtypes

Acral and mucosal melanomas are extremely rare in Caucasians; however, they are the predominant melanoma subtypes in Asians and other non-Caucasian populations. Acral and mucosal melanomas share many clinicopathological features, including aggressive phenotypes, similar genetic landscapes, and grim prognoses. In spite of advances in melanoma management, patients with acral and mucosal melanomas show limited benefit from current therapies. The rarity of these subtypes of melanoma is a significant factor contributing to the poor understanding of these pathological subtypes and the lack of effective interventions. Furthermore, the mechanisms contributing to disparities between different types of melanoma remain largely unclear. Herein, we comprehensively review current knowledge on the clinicopathological characteristics and mutational landscapes of acral and mucosal melanomas, as well as providing an overview of current therapies for patients with these aggressive melanoma subtypes, focusing on available immunotherapeutic interventions. We also discuss pathological differences between different melanoma subtypes and summarize current knowledge on melanoma disparities between Asians and Caucasians. Finally, we discuss emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of acral and mucosal melanomas, focusing on combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unraveling the unique features of acral and mucosal melanomas is key for their early diagnosis and for the development of effective therapies.

Current Status and Future Directions of Nanoparticulate Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Renhe Liu ◽  
Shuo Qin ◽  
Ruilian Yu ◽  
Yao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404
Author(s):  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
Aleksandra Tarasiuk ◽  
Agata Binienda ◽  
Adam Fabisiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected. Recently, members of the family of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) have become attractive pharmacological targets in many diseases, including asthma; studies also point to their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and future directions in FFAR research related to CRC. Contradictory results of FFARs modulation may derive from the pleiotropic effects of FFAR ligands, receptor distribution and different signal transduction. Hence, we indicate directions of further studies to fully use the potential of FFARs in CRC.

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