scholarly journals Examination of Entire Gastrointestinal Tract: A Perspective of Mouth to Anus (M2A) Capsule Endoscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyung Nam ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yun-Jeong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the only non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables the direct visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Even though CE was initially developed for small-bowel investigation, its clinical application is expanding, and technological advances continue. The final iteration of CE will be a mouth to anus (M2A) capsule that investigates the entire GI tract by the ingestion of a single capsule. This narrative review describes the current developmental status of CE and discusses the possibility of realizing an M2A capsule and what needs to be overcome in the future.

scholarly journals Capsule Endoscopy: Pitfalls and Approaches to Overcome

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Seung Han Kim ◽  
Hoon Jai Chun
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Conventional Endoscopy ◽  
Fundamental Limitations ◽  
Wireless Capsule ◽  
Space Restriction ◽  
Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

Capsule endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract is an innovative technology that serves to replace conventional endoscopy. Wireless capsule endoscopy, which is mainly used for small bowel examination, has recently been used to examine the entire gastrointestinal tract. This method is promising for its usefulness and development potential and enhances convenience by reducing the side effects and discomfort that may occur during conventional endoscopy. However, capsule endoscopy has fundamental limitations, including passive movement via bowel peristalsis and space restriction. This article reviews the current scientific aspects of capsule endoscopy and discusses the pitfalls and approaches to overcome its limitations. This review includes the latest research results on the role and potential of capsule endoscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic device.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Predict the Presence of Intestinal Angioectasias?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cúrdia Gonçalves ◽  
Joana Magalhães ◽  
Pedro Boal Carvalho ◽  
Maria João Moreira ◽  
Bruno Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aim. Angioectasias are the most common vascular anomalies found in the gastrointestinal tract. In small bowel (SB), they can cause obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) and in this setting, small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is an important diagnostic tool. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for the presence of SB angioectasias, detected by SBCE. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of 284 consecutive SBCE procedures between April 2006 and December 2012, whose indication was OGIB, of which 47 cases with SB angioectasias and 53 controls without vascular lesions were selected to enter the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Results. The mean age of subjects with angioectasias (70.9±14.7) was significantly higher than in controls (53.1±18.6; P<0.001). The presence of SB angioectasias was significantly higher when the indication for the exam was overt OGIB versus occult OGIB (13/19 versus 34/81, P=0.044). Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with the presence of SB angioectasias (38/62 versus 9/38, P<0.001 and 28/47 versus 19/53, P=0.027, resp.). Other studied factors were not associated with small bowel angioectasias. Conclusions. In patients with OGIB, overt bleeding, older age, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension are predictive of the presence of SB angioectasias detected by SBCE, which may be used to increase the diagnostic yield of the SBCE procedure and to reduce the proportion of nondiagnostic examinations.

scholarly journals Direct visualization of drug behaviors in the upper GI tract via magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy

VideoGIE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chen Wang ◽  
Jun Pan ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Yang-Yang Qian ◽  
Xiao-Ou Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Upper Gi Tract

Diagnostic yield of magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy versus gastroscopy in recurrent and refractory iron deficiency anemia

Endoscopy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hey-Long Ching ◽  
Melissa F. Hale ◽  
Matthew Kurien ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
Stefania Chetcuti Zammit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Upper Gi Tract ◽  
Magnetically Assisted

Abstract Background Small-bowel capsule endoscopy is advocated and repeat upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy should be considered for evaluation of recurrent or refractory iron deficiency anemia (IDA). A new device that allows magnetic steering of the capsule around the stomach (magnetically assisted capsule endoscopy [MACE]), followed by passive small-bowel examination might satisfy both requirements in a single procedure. Methods In this prospective cohort study, MACE and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were performed in patients with recurrent or refractory IDA. Comparisons of total (upper GI and small bowel) and upper GI diagnostic yields, gastric mucosal visibility, and patient comfort scores were the primary end points. Results 49 patients were recruited (median age 64 years; 39 % male). Combined upper and small-bowel examination using the new capsule yielded more pathology than EGD alone (113 vs. 52; P < 0.001). In upper GI examination (proximal to the second part of the duodenum, D2), MACE identified more total lesions than EGD (88 vs. 52; P < 0.001). There was also a difference if only IDA-associated lesions (esophagitis, altered/fresh blood, angioectasia, ulcers, and villous atrophy) were included (20 vs. 10; P = 0.04). Pathology distal to D2 was identified in 17 patients (34.7 %). Median scores (0 – 10 for none – extreme) for pain (0 vs. 2), discomfort (0 vs. 3), and distress (0 vs. 4) were lower for MACE than for EGD (P < 0.001). Conclusion Combined examination of the upper GI tract and small bowel using the MACE capsule detected more pathology than EGD alone in patients with recurrent or refractory IDA. MACE also had a higher diagnostic yield than EGD in the upper GI tract and was better tolerated by patients.

Enhancing Video Capsule Endoscopy: Location and Bleeding Detection

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Yeung ◽  
Amir Sabet Sarvestani ◽  
Jonathan Yap ◽  
Yuri Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Video Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Bleeding Detection ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Intuitive User Interface

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a non-invasive method of visually examining the internal lumen of small intestine for inflammation and bleeding through a wireless camera contained in a small capsule. Currently, VCE technology is limited because it cannot map images to their specific locations in the small bowel. Furthermore, approximately 40% of identified problem areas are false positives, making bleeding difficult to find. Therefore, physicians can only estimate the location of inflammation and bleeding areas based on the elapsed time before performing a wired endoscopy. Our pill camera offers an innovative wireless imaging GPS-like location system, in an easy to swallow pill that accurately identifies and displays bleeding areas within the small intestine through an intuitive user interface, which results in a 50% reduction in clinical times, as well as improved diagnosis for potential investors and providers, thus resulting in a $500 cost reduction in physician fees per patient.

Capsule endoscopy in small bowel Crohn’s disease and Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Singh Rana ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Ravi Sharma ◽  
Ritambhra Nada ◽  
Rajesh Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Large N ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers

Differentiation of small bowel tuberculosis (SBTB) from Crohn’s disease (CD) is a diagnostic challenge. We studied 52 patients with suspected SBTB or CD with terminal ileal involvement, who were prospectively enrolled. After confirming patency of the gastrointestinal tract, 26 patients underwent capsule endoscopy (CE). A final diagnosis of CD was found in 18 patients and SBTB in eight patients. All SBTB patients had involvment of the ileocecal valve (ICV) with large (n = 6) and aphthous (n = 2) ulcers in the ileal segment. In CD, ICV involvement was seen in five (33%) patients. Large and aphthous ulcers were observed in seven (47%) and 15 (100%) patients, respectively. On comparison with CD, patients with SBTB had increased frequency of ICV involvement ( P = 0.002) and lesser frequency of aphthous ulcers ( P = 0.007). CE can help in differentiating CD from SBTB by the position of its involvement and the type of ulcers present.

scholarly journals P251 Small bowel capsule endoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in isolated terminal ileitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S275-S275
Author(s):  
M FREITAS ◽  
T Cúrdia Gonçalves ◽  
P Boal Carvalho ◽  
F Dias de Castro ◽  
B Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Terminal Ileitis ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Valuable Diagnostic Tool

Abstract Background Terminal ileitis (TI), is a common condition in clinical practice and may be associated with a wide variety of diseases. Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is a valuable diagnostic tool for small bowel diseases; however, data regarding its diagnostic impact on isolated TI are sparse. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of SBCE for isolated TI detected during ileocolonoscopy. Methods Retrospective study including consecutive patients undergoing SBCE after diagnosis of TI without colonic mucosal abnormalities on ileocolonoscopy between January 2016 and September 2019. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and imaging data were collected. Results One hundred and two patients with isolated ileitis on ileocolonoscopy were included. Positive findings on SBCE were found in 84 (82.4%) patients, being ulcers the most common finding (76.5%). Endoscopic abnormalities proximal to terminal ileum were found in 36.3% of patients. After SBCE, 63.7% of patients had a final diagnosis, Crohn’s disease (CD) was the most common (34.3%), followed by NSAIDs enteropathy (12.7%). Elevated faecal calprotectin (p = 0.001) was independently associated with positive SBCE findings. There was a tendency for high levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate be associated with positive findings (p = 0.07). However, the presence of symptoms, imaging abnormalities and other laboratory findings such as leukocytosis, anaemia, and elevated C-reactive protein were not predictors of positive SBCE findings. At multivariate analysis, only elevated faecal calprotectin (OR 6.0, IC 95% 1.9–18.7; p = 0.002) was a significant predictive factor for positive SBCE findings. Conclusion SBCE revealed a high diagnostic yield in patients with isolated ileitis on ileocolonoscopy enabling a definite diagnosis in almost two-thirds of patients. Approximately one-third of patients had findings proximal to terminal ileum and a similar percentage was diagnosed with CD. In patients with isolated ileitis on ileocolonoscopy, SBCE should be considered to evaluate small bowel lesions, particularly when there is an elevated faecal calprotectin, even when other clinical, imagiological or laboratorial abnormalities are absent.

Olmesartan Associated Enteropathy: Usefulness of Video Capsule Endoscopy in a Case With Doubtful Upper Endoscopic/Histological Picture

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Abbruzzi ◽  
Ilaria Loconte ◽  
Sonia Carparelli ◽  
Enzo Ierardi ◽  
Alfredo Di Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Video Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnostic Work

Background: Olmesartan, an antihypertensive drug, may be associated with a severe “sprue-like enteropathy”. Objectives: To report a case of Olmesartan enteropathy demonstrated by video capsule endoscopy distally from the second duodenum along with the whole small bowel before and after drug withdrawal. Case Presentation: A 81-years-old man was referred for asthenia, chronic watery diarrhea and anasarca (ascites, pleural effusion and edemas of superior and inferior limb). The only comorbidity was hypertension treated with Olmesartan. All causes of infective and inflammatory chronic diarrhea were investigated and excluded. Upper endoscopy was normal; histological examination of the second portion of the duodenum showed moderate and patchy infiltration of lymphocytes at mucosal and intra-epithelial level with intermittent partial villous atrophy. The possibility of adverse drug reaction, estimated by Naranjo scale, showed a score of 7, indicating a strong probability. Olmesartan was then withdrawn. However, because of severe clinical general condition, we preferred to corroborate our diagnostic work-up by a non-invasive investigation, i.e. video capsule endoscopy, which showed jejunal and ileal mucosal alterations (mosaic pattern, diffuse hyperemia, severe edema, consequent apparent reduced lumen, diffuse thickening of intestinal folds, multiple erosions, patchy lymphangectasia). After 14 days, the resolution of anasarcatic state and hydroelectrolytic imbalances was observed. Nine months later, small-bowel video-capsule demonstrated mild mucosal hyperaemia and mosaic pattern. Conclusions: Our case could give new insights in the field of Olmesartan associated enteropathy by highlighting the possibility of distally main lesion location and, therefore, the usefulness of video capsule endoscopy in the presence of doubtful diagnostic features.

Role of wireless capsule endoscopy in non invasive diagnosis of small bowel diseases: A paediatric experience

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. A111-A112
Author(s):  
F. Torroni ◽  
A. Pane ◽  
P. De Angelis ◽  
T. Caldaro ◽  
G. Federici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Wireless Capsule ◽  
Small Bowel Diseases
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