scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Methods and Emerging Fluid Biomarkers in the Diagnostics of Dementia—A Short Review and Diagnostic Algorithm

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Eino Solje ◽  
Alberto Benussi ◽  
Emanuele Buratti ◽  
Anne M. Remes ◽  
Annakaisa Haapasalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of

The most common neurodegenerative dementias include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The correct etiology-based diagnosis is pivotal for clinical management of these diseases as well as for the suitable timing and choosing the accurate disease-modifying therapies when these become available. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods, detecting altered levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Tau, phosphorylated Tau, and Aβ-42 in AD, allowed the wide use of this set of biomarkers in clinical practice. These analyses demonstrate a high diagnostic accuracy in AD but suffer from a relatively restricted usefulness due to invasiveness and lack of prognostic value. In recent years, the development of novel advanced techniques has offered new state-of-the-art opportunities in biomarker discovery. These include single molecule array technology (SIMOA), a tool for non-invasive analysis of ultra-low levels of central nervous system-derived molecules from biofluids, such as CSF or blood, and real-time quaking (RT-QuIC), developed to analyze misfolded proteins. In the present review, we describe the history of methods used in the fluid biomarker analyses of dementia, discuss specific emerging biomarkers with translational potential for clinical use, and suggest an algorithm for the use of new non-invasive blood biomarkers in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for Lysosomal Storage Disorders with an Emphasis on Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Mashima ◽  
Torayuki Okuyama ◽  
Mari Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Lysosomal Storage Disorders ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Niemann Pick Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Niemann Pick ◽  
Storage Disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by an accumulation of various substances, such as sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. The LSD enzymes responsible for the catabolism are active at acidic pH in the lysosomal compartment. In addition to the classically established lysosomal degradation biochemistry, recent data have suggested that lysosome plays a key role in the autophagy where the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome facilitates the degradation of amino acids. A failure in the lysosomal function leads to a variety of manifestations, including neurovisceral disorders. While affected individuals appear to be normal at birth, they gradually become symptomatic in childhood. Biomarkers for each condition have been well-documented and their proper selection helps to perform accurate clinical diagnoses. Based on the natural history of disorders, it is now evident that the existing treatment becomes most effective when initiated during presymptomatic period. Neonatal screening provides such a platform for inborn error of metabolism in general and is now expanding to LSDs as well. These are implemented in some areas and countries, including Taiwan and the U.S. In this short review, we will discuss several issues on some selected biomarkers for LSDs involving Fabry, Niemann–Pick disease type C, mucopolysaccharidosis, and oligosaccharidosis, with a focus on mass spectrometry application to biomarker discovery and detection.

scholarly journals A Snapshot of Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery Research in Canada

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Roohnikan ◽  
Elise Laszlo ◽  
Samuel Babity ◽  
Davide Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
Critical Overview

The minimally- or non-invasive delivery of therapeutic agents through the skin has several advantages compared to other delivery routes and plays an important role in medical care routines. The development and refinement of new technologies is leading to a drastic expansion of the arsenal of drugs that can benefit from this delivery strategy and is further intensifying its impact in medicine. Within Canada, as well, a few research groups have worked on the development of state-of-the-art transdermal delivery technologies. Within this short review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the development of these technologies in the Canadian environment.

Elastography in the diagnosis of fibrosis in chronic diffuse liver diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
I. I. Zhirkov ◽  
A. V. Gordienko ◽  
I. M. Pavlovich ◽  
V. V. Yakovlev ◽  
D. Yu. Serdyukov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physical Classification ◽  
History Of

The presents modern information about a non-invasive instrumental technique for assessing fibrotic changes in the liver elastography. The data on the history of the origin of the term elastography are presented, several of its definitions are given, and attention is also paid to the main principle of the technique percussion, which is traditionally used in an objective study of a patient. The facts about the dual terminology of the technique in the literature are presented, in which some authors use the term elastography, and the other part elastometry. When analyzing the literature, it turned out that in foreign sources the term elastography is much more often used, and both names of the method are used in Russian. Given the greater prevalence of the elastography option, it is more logical to use it, but each of these names has its own right to exist. Definitions are given for the basic physical concepts associated with the elastography method elasticity, rigidity and Youngs modulus of elasticity. From the point of view of application in clinical practice, elastography techniques can be divided into four groups: compression elastography, which is more often used in oncodiagnostics, transient, point and two-dimensional shear wave elastography, used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Physical classification involves dividing elastography into two types: static, which includes compression elastography, and dynamic, which includes transient, point and two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Transient elastography is implemented in devices of the FibroScan family, point elastography in ultrasound scanners from Hitachi Aloka, Siemens and Philips, two-dimensional shear wave elastography in devices from Supersonic Imagine, Toshiba, Siemens, Mindray, General Electric. The widest range of possibilities for assessing liver fibrosis is provided by two-dimensional shear wave elastography. The combined use of several techniques is expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy in determining fibrosis. Magnetic resonance elastography has the greatest accuracy among elastographic techniques, but its application is limited due to the complexity and high cost of equipment, therefore, this technique has not yet found wide application in clinical practice.

ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПОСТРОЕНИЯХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ В ПСИХОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Александр Бреусенко-Кузнецов
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition ◽  
The Given

Статья посвящена проблеме восстановления искусственно прерванной метафизической традиции в отечественной персонологии. Данная проблема принадлежит областям истории психологии и психологии личности, но имеет выходы и в предметные области многих других психологических наук, в частности – клинической психологии. Указана важность соотнесения персонологических концептуализаций учёных-метафизиков с клинической практикой в процессе их опытной верификации. Проведена реконструкция и анализ взглядов на психопатологию и психотерапию представителей метафизической традиции в отечественной психологии личности. Согласно данным взглядам, суть патологии личности – в её уклонении от своего назначения, от подлинного бытия ради неподлинных, онтологически неоправданных форм жизнедеятельности. The article is devoted to the problem of restoration of artificialy interrupted metaphysical tradition in domestic personology. The given problem belongs to the areas of history of psychology and psychology of personality, but provides outcomes in subject matter of many other psychological sciences, in clinical psychology in particular. Importance of correlation between personological conceptualizations of scientists-metaphysicists and clinical practice in the process of their skilled verification is pointed out. The reconstruction and analysis of views at psychopathology and psychotherapy by representatives of metaphysical tradition in domestic psychology of personality have been made. According to the mentioned views, the essence of pathology of personality is in its evasion from the purpose, from original life for the sake of not original, ontologically unjustified forms of ability to live.

Role of implantable loop recorder in the clinical diagnosis of syncope: Results of the introduction of an effective diagnostic tool

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (15) ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Miklós Somlói ◽  
Emil Toldy-Schedel ◽  
Zoltán Nényei ◽  
Róbert Böszörményi ◽  
János Tomcsányi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Implantable Loop Recorder ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Loop Recorder ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Electrocardiographic Monitoring ◽  
The Everyday

Introduction: Extension of electrocardiographic monitoring via loop recorder implantation may increase the diagnostic yield of syncope work-up. Aim: In this retrospective observational study, the authors wanted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of implantable loop recorder in the everyday clinical practice. Method: The authors analyzed the electronically stored data of all patients who underwent loop recorder implantation between 2005 and 2014 in their cardiology department because of recurrent syncope of undetermined origin. Results: There were 52 loop recorder implantations within the study period. During the 167 (±136) days of monitoring, 36 (69.2%) diagnostic events occurred. In two-thirds of events, (46.2% of all monitored patients) a specific arrhythmia diagnosis was reached, allowing definitive treatment in these cases. In this selected population, there was no correlation between age, presence of known high-risk predictors, or accompanying trauma, and the mechanism of syncope. Conclusions: The high diagnostic rate of implantable loop recorder in the everyday clinical practice is in accordance with the findings in prospective clinical studies. This observation supports the early application of loop recorder in the diagnostic algorithm of syncope. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(15), 609–613.

Follicular fluid and assisted reproductive technology programs outcomes (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Anna G. Burduli ◽  
Natalia A. Kitsilovskaya ◽  
Yuliya V. Sukhova ◽  
Irina A. Vedikhina ◽  
Tatiana Y. Ivanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Established Fact

The review presents data on metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) from the perspective of reproductive medicine and their use in order to predict outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. It considers various components of this biological medium (hormones, lipids, melatonin, etc.) with an assessment of their predictive value in prognosis of the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. The data on experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice are presented. The article emphasizes that the growing clinical need and the unsolved problem of increasing the effectiveness of ART programs determine the need for further studies of the FF composition. Materials and methods. The review includes data related to this topic from foreign and Russian articles found in PubMed which were published in recent years. Results. Given the established fact of a direct effect of FF composition on growth and maturation of oocytes, and further, on the fertilization process, various FF metabolites are actively investigated as non-invasive markers of quality of oocytes/embryos. The article provides data on the experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice. However, clinical studies of a relation between various FF metabolites levels and outcomes of IVF programs are contradictory. Conclusion. Owing large economic cost for treatment of infertility with IVF, there is need for expansion and intensification of studies to identify and use reliable predictors in prognosis of ART programs outcomes.

Biological NMR Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honor of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.

Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International Association ◽  
Mathematical Geology ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mapping Techniques

This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.

scholarly journals Effect of position and exercise on measurement of muscle quantity and quality: towards a standardised pragmatic protocol for clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Welch ◽  
Zeinab Majid ◽  
Isabelle Andrews ◽  
Zaki Hassan-Smith ◽  
Vicky Kamwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vastus Intermedius ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Ultrasonography is an emerging non-invasive bedside tool for muscle quantity/quality assessment; Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an alternative non-invasive bedside measure of body composition, recommended for evaluation of sarcopenia in clinical practice. We set out to assess impact of position and exercise upon measures towards protocol standardisation. Methods Healthy volunteers aged 18–35 were recruited. Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT; rectus femoris and vastus intermedius), BATT: Subcutaneous Ratio (BATT:SCR), and rectus femoris echogenicity were measured using ultrasound and BIA was performed; 1) lying with upper body at 45° (Reclined), 2) lying fully supine at 180o (Supine), 3) sat in a chair with upper body at 90o (Sitting), and 4) after exercise Reclined. Variability of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) by two different equations from BIA (SMM-Janssen, SMM-Sergi), phase angle, fat percentage, and total body (TBW), extracellular (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) were assessed. Results Forty-four participants (52% female; mean 25.7 years-old (SD 5.0)) were recruited. BATT increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.45 cm, 1.27–1.63), and after exercise (+ 0.51, 0.29–0.73). Echogenicity reduced from Reclined to Sitting (− 2.1, − 3.9 – -0.26). SMM-Sergi declined from Reclined to Supine (− 0.65 kg, − 1.08 – − 0.23) and after exercise (− 0.70 kg, − 1.27 – -0.14). ECW increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.19 L, 0.04–2.35). There were no other statistically significant changes. Conclusion Standardisation of protocols is especially important for assessment of muscle quantity by ultrasonography; BIA measurements may also vary dependent on the equations used. Where possible, participants should be rested prior to muscle ultrasonography and BIA, and flexion of the knees should be avoided.

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