scholarly journals How Can We Manage Gallbladder Lesions by Transabdominal Ultrasound?

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Shinji Okaniwa
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Venous Phase

The most important role of ultrasound (US) in the management of gallbladder (GB) lesions is to detect lesions earlier and differentiate them from GB carcinoma (GBC). To avoid overlooking lesions, postural changes and high-frequency transducers with magnified images should be employed. GB lesions are divided into polypoid lesions (GPLs) and wall thickening (GWT). For GPLs, classification into pedunculated and sessile types should be done first. This classification is useful not only for the differential diagnosis but also for the depth diagnosis, as pedunculated carcinomas are confined to the mucosa. Both rapid GB wall blood flow (GWBF) and the irregularity of color signal patterns on Doppler imaging, and heterogeneous enhancement in the venous phase on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) suggest GBC. Since GWT occurs in various conditions, subdividing into diffuse and focal forms is important. Unlike diffuse GWT, focal GWT is specific for GB and has a higher incidence of GBC. The discontinuity and irregularity of the innermost hyperechoic layer and irregular or disrupted GB wall layer structure suggest GBC. Rapid GWBF is also useful for the diagnosis of wall-thickened type GBC and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Detailed B-mode evaluation using high-frequency transducers, combined with Doppler imaging and CEUS, enables a more accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Role of MSCT in the diagnosis of perforated gall bladder (a retrospective study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Harraz ◽  
Ahmed H. Abouissa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Acute Diverticulitis ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Abstract Background Although gall bladder perforation (GBP) is not common, it is considered a life-threating condition, and the possibility of occurrence in cases of acute cholecystitis must be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of GBP. Results It is a retrospective study including 19 patients that had GBP out of 147, there were 11 females (57.8%) and 8 males (42.1%), aged 42 to 79 year (mean age 60) presented with acute abdomen or acute cholecystitis. All patients were examined with abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced abdominal MSCT after written informed consent was obtained from the patients. This study was between January and December 2018. Patients with contraindications to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) (pregnancy, acute kidney failure, or allergy to iodinated contrast agents) who underwent US only were excluded. Patients with other diagnoses, such as acute diverticulitis of the right-sided colon or acute appendicitis, were excluded. The radiological findings were evaluated such as GB distention; stones; wall thickening, enhancement, and defect; pericholecystic free fluid or collection; enhancement of liver parenchyma; and air in the wall or lumen. All CT findings are compared with the surgical results. Our results revealed that the most important and diagnostic MSCT finding in GBP is a mural defect. Nineteen patients were proved surgically to have GBP. Conclusion GBP is a rare but very serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to decrease morbidity and mortality. The most accurate diagnostic tool is the CT, MSCT findings most specific and sensitive for the detection of GBP and its complications.

The Role of Lung Ultrasound Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A review article

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa J. Musa ◽  
Mohamed Yousef ◽  
Mohammed Adam ◽  
Awadalla Wagealla ◽  
Lubna Boshara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Ultrasound Findings

: Lung ultrasound [LUS] has evolved considerably over the last years. The aim of the current review is to conduct a systematic review reported from a number of studies to show the usefulness of [LUS] and point of care ultrasound for diagnosing COVID-19. A systematic search of electronic data was conducted including the national library of medicine, and the national institute of medicine, PubMed Central [PMC] to identify the articles depended on [LUS] to monitor COVID-19. This review highlights the ultrasound findings reported in articles before the pandemic [11], clinical articles before COVID-19 [14], review studies during the pandemic [27], clinical cases during the pandemic [5] and other varying aims articles. The reviewed studies revealed that ultrasound findings can be used to help in the detection and staging of the disease. The common patterns observed included irregular and thickened A-lines, multiple B-lines ranging from focal to diffuse interstitial consolidation, and pleural effusion. Sub-plural consolidation is found to be associated with the progression of the disease and its complications. Pneumothorax was not recorded for COVID-19 patients. Further improvement in the diagnostic performance of [LUS] for COVID-19 patients can be achieved by using elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and power Doppler imaging.

scholarly journals Complicated Sonographic View of Diffuse Hepatic Steatosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Melania Ardelean ◽  
Roxana Buzas ◽  
Daniel Lighezan ◽  
Basa Norina ◽  
Corina Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Benign Pathology ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Venous Phase

The aim of this study was to reveal the important role of CEUS in identifying correctly benign hepatic lesion vs a malignant one. We report a case of a diffuse hepatic steatosis particular sonographic aspect in a middle aged male presenting with general malaise. History revealed cardiac pathology, diabetes mellitus type 2 and chemotreated prostate neoplasia. The abdominal ultrasound (US) presented numerous hyperechoic lesions disseminated in the whole parenchyma. A contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the lesions described an isoenhancement pattern of the lesions in the arterial phase, followed by the same aspect in the venous phase, with a high uptake pattern in the late phase. The CT and MRI also confirmed a diagnosis of a benign pathology. Hepatic steatosis may occur in chemotreated cancer patients, raising a suspicion of hepatic metastasis, but also due to the amount of lipid deposit distribution in the liver. Thus, CEUS was able to establish a correct diagnosis in a fast and reliable way.

scholarly journals Giant vascular malformation of the right colic flexure as a cause of abdominal pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
E. A. Gallyamov ◽  
M. A. Agapov ◽  
N. V. Danilova ◽  
V. V. Kakotkin ◽  
P. G. Mal’kov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Venous Phase ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
The Right

A 31-year-old man admitted to clinic with complains of occasional pains in the right upper quadrant unrelated to the food. Results of laboratory tests were in the normal range. There were wall thickening of the ascending colon with sites of calcification located intramural according to abdominal contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography. The above-mentioned structures accumulated contrast during a venous phase of computed tomography. A barium X-ray was performed, filling defects in right colon were detected but barium follow throughs was normal. Multiple dilated vascular structures of variable sizes l affecting the bowel submucosa in ascending colon for more than 10 cm were detected during the colonoscopy. The patient was diagnosed with hemangiomatosis of colon. Because of the high risk of massive large-bowel hemorrhage and malignization the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed. Morfologic findings were interpreted as vascular malformation of colon. The patient has been activated fully on 1-st day after surgery, discharged on 5-th day in hospital. Gastrointestinal (GI) vascular malformation is an infrequent disorder of blood vessel formation characterized by existence of tumor-like vascular structures through the entire GI tract. Nowadays there is no single approach to the management of this group of diseases. Surgery is the only radical metod of the treatment of vascular malformation. The laparoscopic approach has substantional advantages in treatment of this infrequent group of diseases.

Management of NEC: Surgical Treatment and Role of Traditional X-ray Versus Ultrasound Imaging, Experience of a Single Centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Giuseppe De Bernardo ◽  
Desiree Sordino ◽  
Carolina De Chiara ◽  
Marina Riccitelli ◽  
Francesco Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Primary Anastomosis ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
X Ray

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common cause of the postnatal critical conditions and remains one of the dominant causes of newborns’ death in Neonatal Intensive Care. The morbidity and mortality associated with necrotizing enterocolitis remains largely unchanged and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis continues to increase. There is no general agreement regarding the surgical treatment of the necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: In this paper, we want to evaluate the results obtained in our centre from different types of necrotizing enterocolitis’s surgical treatment and to analyse the role of traditional X-ray versus ultrasound doppler imaging in the evolutionary phases of necrotizing enterocolitis. The study was conducted in the Department of Emergency-Urgency NICU, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon in Naples from January 2010 to December 2016. Patients were monitored by hematochemical examinations and radiological orthostatic exams every 12 hours, so that they had a surgical opportunity before intestinal perforation occurred. Ultrasonography was performed to monitor preterm infants who were hospitalized in NICU and that showed NEC symptomatology in phase I Bell staging. Results: They were recruited 75 premature infants with NEC symptomatology in phase I-III of Bell staging, who underwent surgical or medical treatment. In infants with a birth weight >1500 g (N=30), laparotomy and necrotic bowel resection has generally been our preferred approach. In 46 patients we practiced a primary anastomosis after resection of an isolated necrotic intestinal segment. In patients with multiple areas of necrosis and dubious intestinal vitality, were performed a 'second-look' scheduled after 24 to 48 hours to re-evaluate the intestine. In the initial phase of necrotizing enterocolitis, when the radiographic examination shows only a specific dilation of the loops, ultrasonography shows more and more specific signs, as wall thickening, alteration of parietal echogenicity, increase in wall perfusion, single or sporadic airborne microbubbles in the thickness of wall sections. Conclusion: Optimal surgical therapy for NEC begins with adequate antibiotic therapy, reintegration of liquids but above all with timely diagnosis, aimed to discover early prodromic phases of wall damage by US, a fundamental tool. Abdomen radiography shows specificity frameworks only when barrier damage is detected while US provides real-time imaging of abdominal structures, highlighting some elements that are completely excluded by radiograph.

Calculation-and-experimental estimation of the role of the frequency ratio in changing the endurance at two-frequency deformation modes

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1(I)) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Gadenin
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Small Ratio ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Deformation Modes

The cycle configuration at two-frequency loading regimes depends on the number of parameters including the absolute values of the frequencies and amplitudes of the low-frequency and high-frequency loads added during this mode, the ratio of their frequencies and amplitudes, as well as the phase shift between these harmonic components, the latter having a significant effect only with a small ratio of frequencies. Presence of such two-frequency regimes or service loading conditions for parts of machines and structures schematized by them can significantly reduce their endurance. Using the results of experimental studies of changes in the endurance of a two-frequency loading of specimens of cyclically stable, cyclically softened and cyclically hardened steels under rigid conditions we have shown that decrease in the endurance under the aforementioned conditions depends on the ratio of frequencies and amplitudes of operation low-frequency low-cycle and high-frequency vibration stresses, and, moreover, the higher the level of the ratios of amplitudes and frequencies of those stacked harmonic processes of loading the greater the effect. It is shown that estimation of such a decrease in the endurance compared to a single frequency loading equal in the total stress (strains) amplitudes can be carried out using an exponential expression coupling those endurances through a parameter (reduction factor) containing the ratio of frequencies and amplitudes of operation cyclic loads and characteristic of the material. The reduction is illustrated by a set of calculation-experimental curves on the corresponding diagrams for each of the considered types of materials and compared with the experimental data.

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