scholarly journals Deep Active Learning for Automatic Segmentation of Maxillary Sinus Lesions Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Seok-Ki Jung ◽  
Ho-Kyung Lim ◽  
Seungjun Lee ◽  
Yongwon Cho ◽  
In-Seok Song
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Learning Framework

The aim of this study was to segment the maxillary sinus into the maxillary bone, air, and lesion, and to evaluate its accuracy by comparing and analyzing the results performed by the experts. We randomly selected 83 cases of deep active learning. Our active learning framework consists of three steps. This framework adds new volumes per step to improve the performance of the model with limited training datasets, while inferring automatically using the model trained in the previous step. We determined the effect of active learning on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes of dental with our customized 3D nnU-Net in all three steps. The dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) at each stage of air were 0.920 ± 0.17, 0.925 ± 0.16, and 0.930 ± 0.16, respectively. The DSCs at each stage of the lesion were 0.770 ± 0.18, 0.750 ± 0.19, and 0.760 ± 0.18, respectively. The time consumed by the convolutional neural network (CNN) assisted and manually modified segmentation decreased by approximately 493.2 s for 30 scans in the second step, and by approximately 362.7 s for 76 scans in the last step. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a deep active learning framework can alleviate annotation efforts and costs by efficiently training on limited CBCT datasets.

scholarly journals Adaptive Localizing Region-Based Level Set for Segmentation of Maxillary Sinus Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xianglong Qi ◽  
Jie Zhong ◽  
Shengjia Cui
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Fully Connected

In this paper, we propose a novel method, an adaptive localizing region-based level set using convolutional neural network, for improving performance of maxillary sinus segmentation. The healthy sinus without lesion inside is easy for conventional algorithms. However, in practice, most of the cases are filled with lesions of great heterogeneity which lead to lower accuracy. Therefore, we provide a strategy to avoid active contour from being trapped into a nontarget area. First, features of lesion and maxillary sinus are studied using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with two convolutional and three fully connected layers in architecture. In addition, outputs of CNN are devised to evaluate possibilities of zero level set location close to lesion or not. Finally, the method estimates stable points on the contour by an interactive process. If it locates in the lesion, the point needs to be paid a certain speed compensation based on the value of possibility via CNN, assisting itself to escape from the local minima. If not, the point preserves current status till convergence. Capabilities of our method have been demonstrated on a dataset of 200 CT images with possible lesions. To illustrate the strength of our method, we evaluated it against state-of-the-art methods, FLS and CRF-FCN. For all cases, our method, as assessed by Dice similarity coefficients, performed significantly better compared with currently available methods and obtained a significant Dice improvement, 0.25 than FLS and 0.12 than CRF-FCN, respectively, on an average.

Carpal Bone Segmentation Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-989
Author(s):  
Liang Kim Meng ◽  
Azira Khalil ◽  
Muhamad Hanif Ahmad Nizar ◽  
Maryam Kamarun Nisham ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis

Background: Bone Age Assessment (BAA) refers to a clinical procedure that aims to identify a discrepancy between biological and chronological age of an individual by assessing the bone age growth. Currently, there are two main methods of executing BAA which are known as Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse techniques. Both techniques involve a manual and qualitative assessment of hand and wrist radiographs, resulting in intra and inter-operator variability accuracy and time-consuming. An automatic segmentation can be applied to the radiographs, providing the physician with more accurate delineation of the carpal bone and accurate quantitative analysis. Methods: In this study, we proposed an image feature extraction technique based on image segmentation with the fully convolutional neural network with eight stride pixel (FCN-8). A total of 290 radiographic images including both female and the male subject of age ranging from 0 to 18 were manually segmented and trained using FCN-8. Results and Conclusion: The results exhibit a high training accuracy value of 99.68% and a loss rate of 0.008619 for 50 epochs of training. The experiments compared 58 images against the gold standard ground truth images. The accuracy of our fully automated segmentation technique is 0.78 ± 0.06, 1.56 ±0.30 mm and 98.02% in terms of Dice Coefficient, Hausdorff Distance, and overall qualitative carpal recognition accuracy, respectively.

scholarly journals Nodule Detection with Convolutional Neural Network Using Apache Spark and GPU Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Nikitha Johnsirani Venkatesan ◽  
Dong Ryeol Shin ◽  
Choon Sung Nam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Apache Spark ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Proposed Model

In the pharmaceutical field, early detection of lung nodules is indispensable for increasing patient survival. We can enhance the quality of the medical images by intensifying the radiation dose. High radiation dose provokes cancer, which forces experts to use limited radiation. Using abrupt radiation generates noise in CT scans. We propose an optimal Convolutional Neural Network model in which Gaussian noise is removed for better classification and increased training accuracy. Experimental demonstration on the LUNA16 dataset of size 160 GB shows that our proposed method exhibit superior results. Classification accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, Precision, Recall, F1 measurement, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model performance are taken as evaluation metrics. We conducted a performance comparison of our proposed model on numerous platforms, like Apache Spark, GPU, and CPU, to depreciate the training time without compromising the accuracy percentage. Our results show that Apache Spark, integrated with a deep learning framework, is suitable for parallel training computation with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Active Learning with Bayesian UNet for Efficient Semantic Image Segmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Isah Charles Saidu ◽  
Lehel Csató
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Semantic Image Segmentation ◽  
Batch Normalization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Image Datasets

We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by exploiting the probabilistic extension of the dropout mechanism, leading to the possibility to use the uncertainty inherently present in the system. We set up our experiments on various medical image datasets and highlight that with a smaller annotation effort our AB-UNet leads to stable training and better generalization. Added to this, we can efficiently choose from an unlabelled dataset.

A convolutional neural network for estimating cone-beam CT intensity deviations from virtual CT projections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Rusanov ◽  
Martin Andrew Ebert ◽  
Godfrey Mukwada ◽  
Ghulam Mubashar Hassan ◽  
Mahsheed Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Virtual Ct

scholarly journals Methodology for Interactive Labeling of Patched Asphalt Pavement Images Based on U-Net Convolutional Neural Network

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Han-Cheng Dan ◽  
Hao-Fan Zeng ◽  
Zhi-Heng Zhu ◽  
Ge-Wen Bai ◽  
Wei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Image Labeling ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
And Training

Image recognition based on deep learning generally demands a huge sample size for training, for which the image labeling becomes inevitably laborious and time-consuming. In the case of evaluating the pavement quality condition, many pavement distress patching images would need manual screening and labeling, meanwhile the subjectivity of the labeling personnel would greatly affect the accuracy of image labeling. In this study, in order for an accurate and efficient recognition of the pavement patching images, an interactive labeling method is proposed based on the U-Net convolutional neural network, using active learning combined with reverse and correction labeling. According to the calculation results in this paper, the sample size required by the interactive labeling is about half of the traditional labeling method for the same recognition precision. Meanwhile, the accuracy of interactive labeling method based on the mean intersection over union (mean_IOU) index is 6% higher than that of the traditional method using the same sample size and training epochs. In addition, the accuracy analysis of the noise and boundary of the prediction results shows that this method eliminates 92% of the noise in the predictions (the proportion of noise is reduced from 13.85% to 1.06%), and the image definition is improved by 14.1% in terms of the boundary gray area ratio. The interactive labeling is considered as a significantly valuable approach, as it reduces the sample size in each epoch of active learning, greatly alleviates the demand for manpower, and improves learning efficiency and accuracy.

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