scholarly journals Field Performances of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Detecting Human Plasmodium Species: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in India, 1990–2020

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Loick Pradel Kojom Foko ◽  
Veena Pande ◽  
Vineeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Rdts

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become a mainstay of malaria diagnosis in endemic countries since their implementation in the 1990s. We conducted a 30-year systematic review and meta-analysis on malaria RDTs performance in India. Outcomes of interest were sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive/negative likelihood ratio (PLR/NLR), and diagnostic odd ratio (DOR). Among the 75 studies included, most of the studies were cross-sectional (65.3%), hospital-based (77.3%), and targeted febrile patients (90.6%). Nearly half of RDTs were designed for detecting Plasmodium falciparum only (47.5%) while the rest were for P. falciparum and P. vivax (11.9%), and P. falciparum/Pan-Plasmodium except for P. knowlesi (32.3%). When compared to light microscopy (gold standard), pooled estimates of performances were: Se = 97.0%, Sp = 96.0%, PLR = 22.4, NLR = 0.02 and DOR = 1080. In comparison to polymerase chain reaction, the RDTs showed Se = 89.0% and Sp = 99.0%. Performance outcomes (Se and Sp) were similar for RDT targeting P. falciparum only, but decreased for mixed and non-falciparum infections. Performances of malaria RDTs are still high India. However, there is a need for developing RDTs with regard to targeting minor malarial species, individuals carrying only mature gametocytes, and pfhrp2-deleted parasites.

scholarly journals High value of rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria within children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
XiaoXiao Ling ◽  
Wenru Shang ◽  
Yanqiu Du ◽  
Jinyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests

scholarly journals Health workers’ compliance to rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to guide malaria treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinune N. Kabaghe ◽  
Benjamin J. Visser ◽  
Rene Spijker ◽  
Kamija S. Phiri ◽  
Martin P. Grobusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Malaria Treatment

scholarly journals Reliability of HIV rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing compared with testing by health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e277-e290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Figueroa ◽  
Cheryl Johnson ◽  
Nathan Ford ◽  
Anita Sands ◽  
Shona Dalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Care Workers

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Riccò ◽  
Pietro Ferraro ◽  
Giovanni Gualerzi ◽  
Silvia Ranzieri ◽  
Brandon Michael Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a highly contagious infection, known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in late December 2019 and, since then, has become a global pandemic. Timely and accurate COVID-19 laboratory testing is an essential step in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. To date, assays based on the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory samples are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Unfortunately, RT-PCR has several practical limitations. Consequently, alternative diagnostic methods are urgently required, both for alleviating the pressure on laboratories and healthcare facilities and for expanding testing capacity to enable large-scale screening and ensure a timely therapeutic intervention. To date, few studies have been conducted concerning the potential utilization of rapid testing for COVID-19, with some conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to explore the feasibility of rapid diagnostic tests in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on ten studies, we computed a pooled sensitivity of 64.8% (95%CI 54.5–74.0), and specificity of 98.0% (95%CI 95.8–99.0), with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. We can conclude that: (1) rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 are necessary, but should be adequately sensitive and specific; (2) few studies have been carried out to date; (3) the studies included are characterized by low numbers and low sample power, and (4) in light of these results, the use of available tests is currently questionable for clinical purposes and cannot substitute other more reliable molecular tests, such as assays based on RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Performance of rapid diagnostic tests, microscopy, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and PCR for malaria diagnosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Getacher Feleke ◽  
Yonas Alemu ◽  
Nebiyou Yemanebirhane
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy

Abstract Background Rapid accurate diagnosis followed by effective treatment is very important for malaria control. Light microscopy remains the “golden standard” method for malaria diagnosis. Diagnostic test method must have sufficient level of accuracy for detecting malaria parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the malaria diagnosis in Ethiopia. Methods Data bases such as PubMed, PubMed central, Science direct databases, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched from September to October, 2020 for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs, microscopy, LAMP and PCR methods for malaria diagnosis. Results A total of 29 studies published between 2001 and 2020 were analysed using review manager, Midas (Stata) and Meta-disc. The sensitivity and specificity of studies comparing RDT with microscopy varies from 79%–100% to 80%–100%, respectively. The sensitivity of LAMP (731 tests) was 100% and its specificity was varies from 85 to 99% when compared with microscopy and PCR. Considerable heterogeneity was observed between studies included in this meta-analysis. Meta-regression showed that blinding status and target antigens were the major sources of heterogeneity (P < 0.05). RDT had an excellent diagnostic accuracy (Area under the ROC Curve = 0.99) when compared with microscopy. Its specificity was quite good (93%–100%) except for one outlier (28%), but lower “sensitivity” was observed when PCR is a reference test. This indicates RDT had a good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.83). Microscopy showed a very good diagnostic accuracy when compared with PCR. Conclusions The present study showed that microscopy and RDTs had high efficiency for diagnosing febrile malaria patients. The diagnostic accuracy of RDT was excellent when compared with microscopy. This indicates RDTs have acceptable sensitivities and specificities to be used in resource poor settings as an alternative for microscopy. In this study, LAMP showed an excellent sensitivities and specificities. Furthermore, the need of minimum equipment and relatively short time for obtaining results can made LAMP one of the best alternatives especially for accurate diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria.

scholarly journals Accuracy of cholera rapid diagnostic tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basilua Andre Muzembo ◽  
Kei Kitahara ◽  
Anusuya Debnath ◽  
Keinosuke Okamoto ◽  
Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests

scholarly journals Limitations of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria surveys in areas with varied transmission intensity in Uganda 2017-2019: Implications for selection and use of HRP2 RDTs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244457
Author(s):  
Agaba B. Bosco ◽  
Joaniter I. Nankabirwa ◽  
Adoke Yeka ◽  
Sam Nsobya ◽  
Karryn Gresty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are exclusively recommended for malaria diagnosis in Uganda; however, their functionality can be affected by parasite-related factors that have not been investigated in field settings. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we analysed 219 RDT-/microscopy+ and 140 RDT+/microscopy+ dried blood spots obtained from symptomatic children aged 2–10 years from 48 districts in Uganda between 2017 and 2019. We aimed to investigate parasite-related factors contributing to false RDT results by molecular characterization of parasite isolates. ArcGIS software was used to map the geographical distribution of parasites. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, with P ≤ 0.05 indicating significance. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess associations, while logistic regression was performed to explore possible factors associated with false RDT results. Results The presence of parasite DNA was confirmed in 92.5% (332/359) of the blood samples. The levels of agreement between the HRP2 RDT and PCR assay results in the (RDT+/microscopy+) and (RDT-/microscopy+) sample subsets were 97.8% (137/140) and 10.9% (24/219), respectively. Factors associated with false-negative RDT results in the (RDT-/microscopy+) samples were parasite density (<1,000/μl), pfhrp2/3 gene deletion and non-P. falciparum species (aOR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.62–4.38, P = 0.001; aOR 4.4, 95% CI 1.72–13.66, P = 0.004; and aOR 18.65, 95% CI: 5.3–38.7, P = 0.001, respectively). Overall, gene deletion and non-P. falciparum species contributed to 12.3% (24/195) and 19.0% (37/195) of false-negative RDT results, respectively. Of the false-negative RDTs results, 80.0% (156/195) were from subjects with low-density infections (< 25 parasites per 200 WBCs or <1,000/μl). Conclusion This is the first evaluation and report of the contributions of pfhrp2/3 gene deletion, non-P. falciparum species, and low-density infections to false-negative RDT results under field conditions in Uganda. In view of these findings, the use of HRP2 RDTs should be reconsidered; possibly, switching to combination RDTs that target alternative antigens, particularly in affected areas, may be beneficial. Future evaluations should consider larger and more representative surveys covering other regions of Uganda.

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