scholarly journals Advanced Techniques in the Percutaneous Ablation of Liver Tumours

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Terrence CH Hui ◽  
Justin Kwan ◽  
Uei Pua
Keyword(s):  
Image Guidance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Percutaneous Ablation ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Local Damage ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Adequate Margin

Percutaneous ablation is an accepted treatment modality for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases. The goal of curative ablation is to cause the necrosis of all tumour cells with an adequate margin, akin to surgical resection, while minimising local damage to non-target tissue. Aside from the ablative modality, the proceduralist must decide the most appropriate imaging modality for visualising the tumour and monitoring the ablation zone. The proceduralist may also employ protective measures to minimise injury to non-target organs. This review article discusses the important considerations an interventionalist needs to consider when performing the percutaneous ablation of liver tumours. It covers the different ablative modalities, image guidance, and protective techniques, with an emphasis on new and advanced ablative modalities and adjunctive techniques to optimise results and achieve satisfactory ablation margins.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in Imaging V: Optical Coherence Tomography for Rapid Tissue Screening and Directed Histological Sectioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woonggyu Jung ◽  
Stephen A. Boppart
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional

In pathology, histological examination of the “gold standard” to diagnose various diseases. It has contributed significantly toward identifying the abnormalities in tissues and cells, but has inherent drawbacks when used for fast and accurate diagnosis. These limitations include the lack ofin vivoobservation in real time and sampling errors due to limited number and area coverage of tissue sections. Its diagnostic yield also varies depending on the ability of the physician and the effectiveness of any image guidance technique that may be used for tissue screening during excisional biopsy. In order to overcome these current limitations of histology-based diagnostics, there are significant needs for either complementary or alternative imaging techniques which perform non-destructive, high resolution, and rapid tissue screening. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which allows real-time cross-sectional imaging with high resolutions that approach those of histology. OCT could be a very promising technique which has the potential to be used as an adjunct to histological tissue observation when it is not practical to take specimens for histological processing, when large areas of tissue need investigating, or when rapid microscopic imaging is needed. This review will describe the use of OCT as an image guidance tool for fast tissue screening and directed histological tissue sectioning in pathology.

Liver imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rummeny ◽  
G. Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases affect several millon people each year. The main imaging modalities to detect and assist diagnosis of primary and secondary liver tumours include MR imaging, CT, and US. The value of these techniques is further increased by the use of contrast agents which increase the sensitivity, and sometimes also the specificity, of the investigations. The relative advantages and drawbacks of the different contrast agents and imaging modalities in the detection and characterisation of liver tumours are discussed. Currently there is no consensus amongst investigators as to which is superior, due to the technical complexities and number of combinations possible within each of the different modalities. There continues to be advances in the hardware and software of imaging equipment, as well as a trend to develop new contrast agents with more organ-specificity. These include those targeting the hepatocytes, such as mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan), and those with reticuloendothelial cell specificity, such as the superpara-magnetic iron oxides. These developments have the potential for making significant contributions to the diagnostic value of imaging procedures and, by reducing the number of investigations necessary to reach a final diagnosis, having a significant and beneficial impact on the pharmaco-economics of patient health care.

scholarly journals Interventional Radiology Suite: A Primer for Trainees

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Bedros Taslakian ◽  
Ross Ingber ◽  
Eric Aaltonen ◽  
Jeremy Horn ◽  
Ryan Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Radiology Suite ◽  
Interventional Radiology Suite ◽  
Interventional Radiology Procedures

Familiarity with different instruments and understanding the basics of image guidance techniques are essential for interventional radiology trainees. However, there are no structured references in the literature, and trainees are left to “pick it up as they go”. Puncture needles, guidewires, sheath systems, and catheters represent some of the most commonly used daily instruments by interventional radiologists. There is a large variety of instruments, and understanding the properties of each tool will allow trainees to better assess which type is needed for each specific procedure. Along with understanding the tools required to perform various interventional radiology procedures, it is important for trainees to learn how to organize the room, procedural table, and various equipment that is used during the procedure. Minimizing clutter and improving organization leads to improved efficiency and decreased errors. In addition, having a fundamental knowledge of fluoroscopy, the most commonly used imaging modality, is an integral part of beginning training in interventional radiology.

FAILURE OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE TO ELICIT SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE FEMALE CAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA A. CERNY
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Target Organs

Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A. (Received 28 March 1977) Testosterones have stimulatory effects on peripheral target tissue and sexual behaviour in male and female rats (Beach, 1942), guinea-pigs (Young, 1961; Diamond & Young, 1963), rabbits (Palka & Sawyer, 1966; Beyer & Rivaud, 1973) and cats (Green, Clemente & de Groot, 1957; Young, 1961; Whalen & Hardy, 1970). 5α-Androstan-17β-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) has stimulatory effects on peripheral target organs, and like testosterones, a negative feedback effect on the pituitary gland and hypothalamus (Feder, 1971). No behavioural effects were seen in male or female rats when DHT was injected systemically (Beyer, Morali & Cruz, 1971; Feder, 1971) nor in the male rat when it was administered intracerebrally (Johnston & Davidson, 1972). Many experiments support the hypothesis that only androgens that can be aromatized to oestrogens can elicit sexual behaviour and

scholarly journals Irreversible Electroporation in Patients With Liver Tumours: Treated-area Patterns With Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Zhou ◽  
Shanyu Yin ◽  
Weilu Chai ◽  
Qiyu Zhao ◽  
Guo Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Percutaneous Ablation ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Conventional Ultrasound ◽  
Malignant Liver ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background: To describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging findings of liver tumours after percutaneous ablation by irreversible electroporation (IRE). Methods: A prospective study of 21 malignant liver tumours (19 primary hepatic tumours and 2 hepatic metastases) treated by IRE ablation was performed. The ablation zones were evaluated by two examiners in a consensus reading performed immediately, 1 day, and 1 month after IRE ablation. The gold standard method with which the effectiveness of the treatment at 1 month is compared, is MRI. Results: Immediately after IRE ablation and up to 1 month later, the ablation zones gradually changed from hypo-echogenicity to hyper-echogenicity on conventional ultrasound, and becomes non-enhancement on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). There was substantial agreement (κ = 0.77, p < 0.05) between the results obtained with CEUS and those obtained with MRI 1 month after IRE ablation. Conclusions: We conclude that CEUS could be an effective tool for assessing post-irreversible electroporation ablation changes after 1 month. CEUS enables the depiction of tumour vascularity in real time and provides an easy, repeatable way.

scholarly journals Irreversible electroporation in patients with liver tumours: treated-area patterns with contrast-enhanced ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Zhou ◽  
Shanyu Yin ◽  
Weilu Chai ◽  
Qiyu Zhao ◽  
Guo Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irreversible Electroporation ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Percutaneous Ablation ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Malignant Liver ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Familiarity with post-IRE imaging interpretation is of considerable importance in determining ablation success and detecting recurrence. CEUS can be used to assess the tumour response and characteristics of the ablation zone. It is of clinical interest to describe the ultrasonographic findings of liver tumours after irreversible electroporation (IRE) percutaneous ablation. Methods A prospective study of 24 cases of malignant liver tumours (22 cases of primary liver tumours and 2 cases of liver metastases) treated by IRE ablation was conducted. Two inspectors evaluated the ablation zone in a consensus reading performed immediately, 1 day, and 1 month after IRE ablation. The gold standard method, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment at 1 month. Results Immediately after IRE ablation and up to 1 month later, the ablation zones gradually changed from hypo-echogenicity to hyper-echogenicity on conventional ultrasound and showed non-enhancement on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). One month after IRE ablation, CEUS and MRI results were highly consistent (κ = 0.78, p < 0.05). Conclusions We conclude that CEUS may be an effective tool for assessing post-IRE ablation changes after 1 month. CEUS enables the depiction of tumour vascularity in real time and serves as an easy, repeatable method.

Adequacy and Accuracy of Core Biopsy in Children: A Radiologic/Pathologic Correlation Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N Parsons ◽  
Nghia Vo ◽  
David C Moe ◽  
Jason A Jarzembowski
Keyword(s):  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Bony Lesions ◽  
Solid Lesions

Core biopsy (CB) is increasingly popular for assessing solid lesions in children. To date, pediatric literature is limited regarding factors contributing to diagnostically inadequate or inaccurate CB. Therefore, we retrospectively examined radiologic/pathologic factors associated with adequacy/accuracy of CB in pediatric patients. A search of the surgical pathology database for CB between January 2007 and December 2014 yielded 134 CB from 99 patients. Age, sex, anatomic site of lesion, CB diagnosis, and final diagnosis were acquired from the electronic medical record. Image guidance modality, lesion size, and CB sampling device were obtained from radiology records. CB hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed for fragmentation, percentage of fibrosis, and percentage of necrosis. Overall, CB length was measured using cellSens software and a DP71 camera. Groups were compared using 2-sided homoscedastic Student’s t tests; 87.3% (117/134) CB were diagnostic; final diagnosis was available for 105 cases, with a concordance rate of 80.0% (84/105). Image guidance modality, lesion site (extremity vs nonextremity), and CB needle gauge did not significantly differ between diagnostic versus nondiagnostic CB or concordant versus discordant CB. Diagnostic CB had less necrosis and fibrosis than did nondiagnostic CBs (6.8% vs 29.7%, P = .0002 and 10.3% vs 29.1%, P = .0006). Nondiagnostic and discordant CB were more likely to be from bony lesions than soft tissue ( P = .01 and P = .0248). CB is valuable for diagnosing solid lesions in children, with good overall diagnostic rates regardless of lesion size, location, or imaging modality used for biopsy. Nondiagnostic and discordant CB were more often obtained from bony lesions; sampling via open biopsy may be more useful in that setting. Nondiagnostic and discordant CB have more necrosis and fibrosis, suggesting that on-site evaluation of CB tissue viability—for example, by touch imprint or fine needle aspiration—may be useful in further enhancing CB utility.

scholarly journals Percutaneous ablation of obscure hypovascular liver tumours in challenging locations using arterial CT-portography guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 707-713
Author(s):  
V. Schembri ◽  
L. Piron ◽  
J. Le Roy ◽  
M. Hermida ◽  
J. Lonjon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Ablation ◽  
Liver Tumours

scholarly journals Fluorescent Dye Labeling Changes the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Patricia Álamo ◽  
Victor Pallarès ◽  
María Virtudes Céspedes ◽  
Aïda Falgàs ◽  
Julieta M. Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Targeted Nanoparticles ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Dye Labeling

Fluorescent dye labeling is a common strategy to analyze the fate of administered nanoparticles in living organisms. However, to which extent the labeling processes can alter the original nanoparticle biodistribution has been so far neglected. In this work, two widely used fluorescent dye molecules, namely, ATTO488 (ATTO) and Sulfo-Cy5 (S-Cy5), have been covalently attached to a well-characterized CXCR4-targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticle (known as T22-GFP-H6). The biodistribution of labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles has been then compared to that of the non-labeled nanoparticle in different CXCR4+ tumor mouse models. We observed that while parental T22-GFP-H6 nanoparticles accumulated mostly and specifically in CXCR4+ tumor cells, labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles showed a dramatic change in the biodistribution pattern, accumulating in non-target organs such as liver or kidney while reducing tumor targeting capacity. Therefore, the use of such labeling molecules should be avoided in target and non-target tissue uptake studies during the design and development of targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, since their effect over the fate of the nanomaterial can lead to considerable miss-interpretations of the actual nanoparticle biodistribution.

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