scholarly journals Tear ATG5 as a Potential Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Sjögren Syndrome

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Yong-Soo Byun ◽  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Soojung Shin ◽  
Moon Young Choi ◽  
Hyung-Seung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Surface Staining ◽  
Breakup Time

Autophagy has been suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome (SS). We previously identified that autophagy related 5 (ATG5) was elevated in the tear and conjunctival epithelial cells of SS dry eyes (DE) compared to non-SS DE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of tear ATG5 as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of SS. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated the tear ATG5 concentration, and other ocular tests (Schirmer I, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS) score, ocular surface disease index (OSDI)) in SS and non-DE, and compared their diagnostic performance to discriminate SS from non-SS DE. Tear ATG5 showed the greatest area under the curve (AUC = 0.984; 95% CI, 0.930 to 0.999) among the tests, and a 94.6% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity at a cutoff value of >4.0 ng/mL/μg. Our data demonstrated that tear ATG5 may be helpful as an ocular biomarker to diagnose and assess SS. In the future, the diagnostic power of tear ATG for SS should be validated.

scholarly journals Screening Evaporative Dry Eyes Severity Using an Infrared Image

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yilin Song ◽  
Guanghao Qin ◽  
Lanting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Control Study

Background. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial and one of the most common problems treated in an ophthalmic outpatient clinic. Due to the variability in presentation, diagnosis of DED consists of a combination of subjective and objective clinical tests. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a handheld smartphone-based infrared thermal (IRT) camera for screening symptomatic evaporative DED. Methods. This observational sex-matched control study assessed IRT images of 184 right eyes (46 normal and 138 DED) of 184 participants. Evaporative DED was assessed using noninvasive tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and the Chinese version of the ocular surface disease index (C-OSDI) questionnaire and categorized into their respective dry eye symptomology group (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The ocular surface temperature (OST) at 8 anatomical regions of interest (ROI) (nasal conjunctiva, nasal limbus, nasal cornea, central cornea, inferior cornea, temporal limbus, temporal cornea, and temporal conjunctiva) were measured and compared using a handheld smartphone-based IRT camera. The effectiveness of these 8 ROIs OST in detecting varying severity of DED was evaluated in terms of correlations with severity of DED and their area under the curve (AUC). Results. OST at the 8 anatomical ROI was significantly higher in DED participants than in the non-DED group ( p < 0.05 ) except for inferior cornea, temporal limbus, and temporal conjunctival regions (>0.05). Analyzing 8 anatomical ROIs revealed that the nasal limbus had the highest Pearson correlation with the severity of DED (0.64, p < 0.001 ). Additionally, the nasal limbus ROI achieved the highest AUC of 0.79 (CI: 0.73–0.85; p < 0.05 ), sensitivity, and specificity (0.96 and 0.91) when comparing its ability to discriminated DED vs. non-DED eyes. Conclusions. Rather than a diagnostic tool, handheld smartphone-based IRT images can be considered as a rapid, noninvasive, and hygienic screening tool in discriminating DED and non-DED and potentially alleviating inconvenience experienced during conventional tests.

Evaluation of the effect of topical tacrolimus 0.03% versus cyclosporine 0.05% in the treatment of dry eye secondary to Sjogren syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199268
Author(s):  
Pavly Moawad ◽  
Rehab Shamma ◽  
Dina Hassanein ◽  
Gaafar Ragab ◽  
Omar El Zawahry
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Staining

Purpose: To compare the effect of topical application of tacrolimus 0.03% eyedrops versus cyclosporine 0.05% in Sjogren syndrome subjects with severe dry eyes. Design: A prospective single-blinded simply randomized controlled study. Methodology: 60 Sjogren patients were randomized into Group A: 30 patients were instructed to put tacrolimus 0.03% eyedrops in one eye for 6 months and placebo eyedrops in the other eye, ( N = 30, 44.9 ± 12.58 years). Group B: 30 patients were instructed to put cyclosporine 0.05% eyedrops in one eye for 6 months and placebo eyedrops in the other eye ( N = 30, 49.4 ± 12.92 years). Main outcome measures: Patients were evaluated at day 0, 90, and 180 for Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI), frequency of use of artificial tears, average fluorescein tear break up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining scores, Schirmer I test, meibum quality, and expressibility scores. Results: Upon comparing both eyedrops, the mean value of OSDI decrease was 38.25 ± 18.29% versus 31.69 ± 18.57% ( p-value 0.09), SICCA score decrease was 2.97 ± 1.92 versus 2.27 ± 2.02 ( p-value 0.124) the decrease in artificial tear substitute use was 3.90 ± 2.22 versus 3.63 ± 1.92 ( p-value 0.616), increase in Schirmer I values were 4.10 ± 4.21 and 4.26 ± 2.00 ( p-value 0.590) in eyes treated with tacrolimus and cyclosporine respectively. Neither of them affected meibum quality or expressibility scores. Conclusion: Both tacrolimus and cyclosporine significantly improved patient symptoms, frequency of artificial tears use and ocular surface staining compared to placebo-controlled eyes. However, no significant difference regarding the efficacy of both eyedrops at the end of 6 months treatment of severe dry eyes of Sjögren syndrome patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03865888.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Ocular Surface Staining in the Assessment of Sjögren Syndrome–Related Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Implications on Disease Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rasmussen ◽  
Donald U. Stone ◽  
C. Erick Kaufman ◽  
Kimberly S. Hefner ◽  
Nicole R. Fram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Surface Staining

Relation of Autoimmune Cytopenia to Glandular and Systemic Manifestations in Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Analysis of 113 Korean Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hee Koh ◽  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
So-Hyang Chung ◽  
Seung-Ki Kwok ◽  
Sung-Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Cytopenia ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Objective.To investigate the characteristics of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) who have autoimmune cytopenia.Methods.We analyzed 113 participants from the Korean Initiative of Primary Sjögren Syndrome, a prospective pSS cohort. Autoimmune cytopenia was defined as autoimmune origin neutropenia, anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia without vitamin or iron deficiency, or drug-induced cytopenia. To identify the association between autoimmune cytopenia and the clinical characteristics of pSS, extraglandular manifestations were analyzed according to the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) definition. Xerophthalmia was assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index, Schirmer I test, ocular stain score (OSS), and tear film breakup time.Results.The median total ESSDAI score was 2 (interquartile range 1–6). About a quarter of patients had no systemic activity. Autoimmune cytopenia was observed in 23.9% of patients (n = 27). Moderate biological features were more frequently observed in patients with autoimmune cytopenia than in patients without [10 (37%) and 11 (12.8%), respectively, p = 0.016]. Articular involvement was exhibited in 1 patient with autoimmune cytopenia, but in 23 patients (27.4%) without autoimmune cytopenia (p = 0.013). Higher OSS (p = 0.002) and lower mean Schirmer I test (p = 0.029) were observed in patients with autoimmune cytopenia than in those without. Neutrophils and lymphocytes negatively correlated with OSS (ρ = −0.204, p = 0.041 and ρ = −0.230, p = 0.020, respectively).Conclusion.Autoimmune cytopenia is closely associated with severe ocular surface damage in pSS. Therefore, assessment of xerophthalmia by ophthalmologists may be mandatory, particularly in patients with pSS with cytopenia, even if patients do not complain of eye dryness.

Predictive role of tear protein expression in the early diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Versura ◽  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Gentiana Vukatana ◽  
Rita Mulè ◽  
Nazzarena Malavolta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Tear Protein

Background The contribution of tear protein expression in patients with presumed diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome is underestimated. We aimed to evaluate the role of tear proteins in the Sjögren syndrome early diagnosis. Methods Charts from 110 patients suspected of Sjögren syndrome were analysed and the subsequent diagnosis retrieved. Subjective symptoms (ocular surface disease index, OSDI), tear film break-up time (TFBUT), Schirmer test, Jones test, tear clearance (TC), corneal (NEI score) and conjunctival staining (van Bjerstelveldt score), esthesiometry, cytology, tear protein analysis (total protein [TP] content, lysozyme-C [LYS-C], lactoferrin [LACTO], lipocalin-1 [LIPOC-1] and albumin [ALB]) were analysed. The diagnostic performance with area under the curve (AUC) and odds ratio (OR) for each parameter were calculated. Results Thirty-five patients (31.8%) had been diagnosed as affected by Sjögren syndrome. Clinical tests showed lower diagnostic performance (OSDI > 44 [AUC 0.57], Schirmer ≤ 5 mm [0.59], TFBUT ≤ 3 s [0.72], TC > 1/16 [0.68], Jones ≤ 4 mm [0.68], corneal staining > 2 [0.51], conjunctival staining > 2 [0.78]) compared with tear proteins (LYS-C ≤ 1.5 mg/mL [0.79], LACTO ≤ 20% [0.94], LIPOC-1 ≤ 10% [0.89], ALB ≥ 15% [0.79]). LYS-C, LACTO, LIPOC-1 and ALB showed a significant association in predicting Sjögren syndrome vs. not-Sjögren syndrome dry eye (OR, respectively, 4.9, 5.5, 7.2, 6.7). Conclusions Tear proteins’ concentrations showed a significant higher accuracy compared with the traditional ocular clinical tests for reaching Sjögren syndrome’s diagnosis. In particular, LACTO and LIPOC-1 provided an excellent diagnostic performance and thus could likely be considered promising biomarkers of Sjögren syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dry Eye after Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Chen ◽  
Xueyan Feng ◽  
Guangzeng Niu ◽  
Yuxiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Lens Surgery ◽  
Breakup Time

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate dry eye (DE) and associated meibomian gland dysfunction parameters after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective observational case series. Patients who underwent ICL implantation without previous ocular diseases or ophthalmic treatments were enrolled. Their Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), meibography, slit-lamp examination of the lid margin, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer test I were examined preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 117 eyes of 60 patients were enrolled, and 107 eyes completed 3-month follow-up period. OSDI, lid marginal abnormality, and meibomian gland (MG) secretion, and meibum quality score were significantly higher at 1 month postoperatively and recovered partially at 3 months after surgeries, while NIBUT was significantly decreased all the time. Patients with previous DE symptoms (OSDI score ≥12) showed not only lower Schirmer and TBUT values but also higher CFS, lid margin score, MG loss, MG secretion, and meibum quality scores compared with those in the control group after operations. Low Schirmer, NIBUT values, and high meibum quality score were determined as risk factors for DE symptoms after ICL surgery. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> ICL implantation has a bad influence on the ocular surface and MG functions. The influence may be more obvious in patients with existing DE.

MUC19 expression in human ocular surface and lacrimal gland and its alteration in Sjögren syndrome patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Yu ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
J.M. Han ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
X.P. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome

AB0150 Understanding The Role of The IL12/iL35 Balance in Sjögren Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 948.1-948
Author(s):  
O. Fogel ◽  
E. Rivière ◽  
R. Seror ◽  
G. Nocturne ◽  
B. Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome

Efficacy of cyclic therapy with terpinen-4-ol in Demodex blepharitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212091908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Evren Kemer ◽  
Emine Esra Karaca ◽  
Dilay Özek
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Cyclic Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Breakup Time

Purpose To describe the effectiveness of cyclic treatment with terpinen-4-ol, a tea tree oil component, on Demodex blepharitis. Methods The presence of Demodex was determined by eyelash rotation as proposed by Mastrota. Schirmer test, tear breakup time, ocular surface disease index, lid margin score, meibomian gland expressibility score, and Oxford grade were performed. Patients were advised to apply heat followed by terpinen-4-ol soaked wipes to eyelids twice a day for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks, treatment was interrupted for 7–10 days. The same treatment was repeated once again. The patients were examined after the first and second cycle of treatment and after 1 year. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in Schirmer test (10.37 ± 4.73 and 13.13 ± 3.44 mm/5 min), tear breakup time (6.47 ± 3.31 and 7.6 ± 2.89 s), ocular surface disease index (47.94 ± 19.77 and 34.28 ± 13.40), lid margin score (3.2 ± 0.7 and 2.63 ± 0.71), meibomian gland expressibility scores (1.93 ± 0.64 and 1.4 ± 0.67), and Oxford grade (0.9 ± 0.8 and 0.5 ± 0.63) after the first cycle of treatment ( p < 0.05). The improvement in symptoms and tear function tests of the patients after the second cycle was significantly better than in pre-treatment levels. At 12-month follow-up, symptoms of two patients (93%) relapsed. Conclusion The administration of terpinen-4-ol to the eyelid margins in a cyclic manner in Demodex blepharitis is effective against adult and hatching Demodex and breaks the vicious cycle.

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