scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Systemic Changes in Response to Endurance Exercise—A Comprehensive Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Soplinska ◽  
Lukasz Zareba ◽  
Zofia Wicik ◽  
Ceren Eyileten ◽  
Daniel Jakubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Myocyte Damage ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Fitness Parameter ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Endurance sports have an unarguably beneficial influence on cardiovascular health and general fitness. Regular physical activity is considered one of the most powerful tools in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs are small particles that regulate the post-transcription gene expression. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs might be promising biomarkers of the systemic changes in response to exercise, before they can be detected by standard imaging or laboratory methods. In this review, we focused on four important physiological processes involved in adaptive changes to various endurance exercises (namely, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte damage, fibrosis, and inflammation). Moreover, we discussed miRNAs’ correlation with cardiopulmonary fitness parameter (VO2max). After a detailed literature search, we found that miR-1, miR-133, miR-21, and miR-155 are crucial in adaptive response to exercise.

Modalities of physical activity and exercise in the management of cardiovascular health in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
Martin Halle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) via improvement of cardiovascular risk factors (CV RFs), such as blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, glycaemic control, body fat mass, and inflammation. In the first part of this chapter, we describe the currently observed effects of PA and exercise intervention on these RFs. In the second part, we explain which exercise modalities should be selected to optimize these CVD RFs, especially for those patients with multiple CVD RFs.

scholarly journals Strengthening sleep–autonomic interaction via acoustic enhancement of slow oscillations

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Grimaldi ◽  
Nelly A Papalambros ◽  
Kathryn J Reid ◽  
Sabra M Abbott ◽  
Roneil G Malkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is important for overall health since it affects many physiological processes including cardio-metabolic function. Sleep and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are closely coupled at anatomical and physiological levels. Sleep-related changes in autonomic function are likely the main pathway through which SWS affects many systems within the body. There are characteristic changes in ANS activity across sleep stages. Notably, in non-rapid eye-movement sleep, the progression into SWS is characterized by increased parasympathetic activity, an important measure of cardiovascular health. Experimental manipulations that enhance slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4 Hz) can improve sleep-mediated memory and immune function. However, effects of SWA enhancement on autonomic regulation have not been investigated. Here, we employed an adaptive algorithm to deliver 50 ms sounds phase-locked to slow-waves, with regular pauses in stimulation (~5 s ON/~5 s OFF), in healthy young adults. We sought to determine whether acoustic enhancement of SWA altered parasympathetic activity during SWS assessed with heart rate variability (HRV), and evening-to-morning changes in HRV, plasma cortisol, and blood pressure. Stimulation, compared with a sham condition, increased SWA during ON versus OFF intervals. This ON/OFF SWA enhancement was associated with a reduction in evening-to-morning change of cortisol levels and indices of sympathetic activity. Furthermore, the enhancement of SWA in ON intervals during sleep cycles 2–3 was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity (high-frequency, HRV). Together these findings suggest that acoustic enhancement of SWA has a positive effect on autonomic function in sleep. Approaches to strengthen brain–heart interaction during sleep could have important implications for cardiovascular health.

Enhanced detection of cardiac myocyte damage by polarized light microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H Chow ◽  
Derek R Boughner ◽  
Joy Dunmore-Buyze ◽  
Helen Finlay ◽  
J.Geoffrey Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Myocyte Damage

Some Health-Risk Benefits of Behavioral Weight-Loss Treatments

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Beneke ◽  
Benjamin F. Timson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Weight Loss Treatments

This study reports assessment of some beneficial effects of behavioral weight-control treatments on measures of cardiovascular health. 31 women participated for each experiment. In Exp. 1, a 12-wk. dietary program resulted in mean reductions of 5.3 kg of weight, including 4.2 kg of fat, 24% in HDL-cholesterol and 11.95 mg/dl in Total Cholesterol, but no changes in cardiopulmonary fitness. Exp. 2 compared two 16-wk. treatments which added exercise self-management with and without additional structured-group exercise to the dietary component. No differences or interactions between treatments were significant. Combined data showed a mean weight loss of 8.3 kg, including 8.8 kg of fat, a 22% decrease in serum triglycerides, and a 22% increase in duration of exercise combined with a 5% reduction in maximal heart rate. These beneficial effects of including exercise in behavioral weight-loss treatments with women should be experimentally verified.

scholarly journals Affective Response to Exercise and Preferred Exercise Intensity Among Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Schneider ◽  
Priel Schmalbach
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Response To Exercise

Background:Little information exists as to the exercise intensity that adolescents enjoy and whether identifiable subgroups of adolescents will choose higher-intensity exercise.Methods:Healthy adolescents (N = 74; mean age = 11.09 years) completed a cardiorespiratory fitness test, a moderate-intensity exercise task, and an exercise task at an intensity that felt “good.” Heart rate (HR), work rate (WR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed every 3 minutes.Results:During the “feels good” task, adolescents exercised at a HR recognized as beneficial for cardiovascular health (mean HR = 66% to 72% of HR at VO2peak). Adolescents who experienced a positive affective shift during the moderate-intensity task engaged in higher-intensity exercise during the feels-good task as compared with those whose affective response to moderate-intensity exercise was neutral or negative (76% of peak HR vs. 70% of peak HR, P < .01).There was no difference between groups in RPE.Conclusions:Adolescents tend to select an exercise intensity associated with fitness benefits when afforded the opportunity to choose an intensity that feels good. An identified subgroup engaged in higher-intensity exercise without a commensurate perception of working harder. Encouraging adolescents to exercise at an intensity that feels good may increase future exercise without sacrificing fitness.

Non-coding RNAs and exercise: pathophysiological role and clinical application in the cardiovascular system

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa P.C. Gomes ◽  
David de Gonzalo-Calvo ◽  
Rocio Toro ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Theisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Response To Exercise

There is overwhelming evidence that regular exercise training is protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main cause of death worldwide. Despite the benefits of exercise, the intricacies of their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as a major regulatory network governing gene expression in several physiological processes and appeared as pivotal modulators in a myriad of cardiovascular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. However, little is known about ncRNA expression and role in response to exercise. Revealing the molecular components and mechanisms of the link between exercise and health outcomes will catalyse discoveries of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here we review the current understanding of the ncRNA role in exercise-induced adaptations focused on the cardiovascular system and address their potential role in clinical applications for CVD. Finally, considerations and perspectives for future studies will be proposed.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE OF CARDIAC MYOCYTE DAMAGE IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS AFTER THE LONDON MARATHON

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S120
Author(s):  
G Whyte ◽  
K George ◽  
C Stephenson ◽  
R Shave ◽  
E Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Myocyte Damage

scholarly journals Production and Characterisation of Anti-Cardiac Troponin-I Monoclonal Antibodies

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. H. Haider ◽  
W. H. Stimson
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
Ventricular Tissue ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Myocyte Damage

Cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) was isolated from bovine left ventricular tissue and used as immunogen. Sixteen murine hybridoma lines were produced with two of them. I D 12 and 5F4, showing a high specificity for cTn-I; both of these monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were isotyped as IgG I with kappa - light chains. The specificity of the McAbs for cTn-1 was confirmed by ELISA, western blotting and by the ability of the antibodies to block actomyosin ATPase inhibition by cTn-I. The McAbs may be useful for human ill vivo imaging of myocardial infarcts and other pathological conditions related to cardiac myocyte damage.

Measurement of the Transverse Apparent Elastic Modulus in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Lieber ◽  
Nadine Aubry ◽  
Jayashree Pain ◽  
Gissela Diaz ◽  
Song-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Probe

Transverse mechanical properties of mammalian cardiac myocytes, was determined by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM can be used as a nano-indentation device allowing transverse stiffness measurements to be conducted on biological cells in a physiological environment. This enables real-time biomechanical and physiological processes to be monitored with nano-scale resolution. Cellular mechanical properties were determined by indenting the cell’s body, and analyzing the indentation data with classical infinitesimal strain theory (CIST). This calculation was accomplished by modeling the AFM probe as a blunted cone. The blunted cone geometry fits the AFM force indentation data well and was used to calculate the apparent elastic modulus of the cardiac myocyte body. The mechanical properties of male 344 x Brown Norway F1 hybrid (F344×BN) rat cells was measured and an apparent elastic modulus of 35.1 ± 0.7 kPa (n = 53) was calculated. Further studies are being conducted on myocytes isolated from aged hearts to determine whether age effects cardiac mechanical properties at the level of the single myocyte.

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