scholarly journals Tear Break-Up Time and Seasonal Variation in Intraocular Pressure in a Japanese Population

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ayaki ◽  
Kazuno Negishi ◽  
Kenya Yuki ◽  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Miki Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Break Up

Purpose: To evaluate seasonal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) with and without short tear break-up time (SBUT, BUT ≤5 s) since dry eye and IOP are known to have seasonal variation. Methods: This study enrolled 176 patients who visited one of six eye clinics, in Japan, four times for IOP measurement, in every season. The mean patient age was 67.9 years, including 79 males. Participants were divided into four groups based on the presence of glaucoma and/or SBUT and we compared the seasonal variation in IOP (winter and summer) among the four groups. Results: The IOP (mmHg) in winter and summer, respectively, was 12.8 ± 3.7 and 12.8 ± 3.1 for non-glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 47, p = 0.964), 14.8 ± 3.4 and 13.3 ± 3.4 for non-glaucoma patients with SBUT (n = 57, p < 0.001), 14.3 ± 3.2 and 14.1 ± 3.4 for glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 36, p = 0.489), and 13.3 ± 3.0 and 11.6 ± 2.9 for glaucoma with SBUT (n = 36, p < 0.001). Seasonal variation was largest across the seasons in the glaucoma with the SBUT group, and the magnitude of seasonal variation correlated with BUT (β = 0.228, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Seasonal variation tended to be larger in patients with SBUT than those without SBUT.

scholarly journals Short Tear Break-Up Time and Seasonal Variation in Intra-Ocular Pressure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ayaki ◽  
Kazuno Negishi ◽  
Kenya Yuki ◽  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Miki Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Break Up

Purpose: To evaluate seasonal variation in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) with and without short tear break-up time (SBUT, BUT &le; 5 s). Methods: This study enrolled 176 patients who visited one of six eye clinics in Japan for IOP measurement at every season. The mean patient age was 67.9 years, including 79 males. We compared the seasonal variation in IOP (mean &plusmn; SD) across spring (Mar-May), summer (Jun-Aug), fall (Sep-Nov), and winter (Dec-Feb). Results: The IOP (mmHg) in winter and summer, respectively, was 12.8 &plusmn; 3.7 and 12.8 &plusmn; 3.1 for non-glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 47, P = 0.964), 14.8 &plusmn; 3.4 and 13.3 &plusmn; 3.4 for non-glaucoma patients with SBUT (n = 57, P &lt; 0.001), 14.3 &plusmn; 3.2 and 14.1 &plusmn; 3.4 for glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 36, P = 0.489), and 13.3 &plusmn; 3.0 and 11.6 &plusmn; 2.9 for glaucoma with SBUT (n = 36, P &lt; 0.001). Seasonal variation was largest across the seasons in the glaucoma with SBUT group, and the magnitude of seasonal variation correlated with BUT (&beta; = 0.228, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Seasonal variation tended to be larger in patients with SBUT than those without SBUT.

Risk of hemorrhage from de novo cerebral aneurysms

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kemp ◽  
Daniel H. Fulkerson ◽  
Troy D. Payner ◽  
Thomas J. Leipzig ◽  
Terry G. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
De Novo Aneurysm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage

Object A small percentage of patients will develop a completely new or de novo aneurysm after discovery of an initial aneurysm. The natural history of these lesions is unknown. The authors undertook this statistical evaluation a large cohort of patients with both ruptured and unruptured de novo aneurysms with the aim of analyzing risk factors for rupture and estimating a risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods A review of a prospectively maintained database of all aneurysm patients treated by the vascular neurosurgery service of Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine from 1976–2010 was performed. Of the 4718 patients, 611 (13%) had long-term follow-up imaging. The authors identified 27 patients (4.4%) with a total of 32 unruptured de novo aneurysms from routine surveillance imaging. They identified another 10 patients who presented with a new SAH from a de novo aneurysm after treatment of their original aneurysm. The total study group was thus 37 patients with a total of 42 de novo aneurysms. The authors then compared the 27 patients with incidentally discovered aneurysms with the 10 patients with SAH. A statistical analysis was performed, comparing the 2 groups with respect to patient and aneurysm characteristics and risk factors. Results Thirty-seven patients were identified as having true de novo aneurysms. This group had a female predominance and a high percentage of smokers. These 37 patients had a total of 42 de novo aneurysms. Ten of these 42 aneurysms hemorrhaged. De novo aneurysms in both the SAH and non-SAH group were anatomically small (< 10 mm). The estimated risk of hemorrhage over 5 years was 14.5%, higher than the expected SAH risk of small, unruptured aneurysms reported in the ISUIA (International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms) trial. There was no statistically significant correlation between hemorrhage and any of the following risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, tobacco and alcohol use, polycystic kidney disease, or previous SAH. There was a statistically significant between-groups difference with respect to patient age, with the mean patient age being significantly older in the SAH aneurysm group than in the non-SAH group (p = 0.047). This is likely reflective of longer follow-up and discovery time, as the mean length of time between initial treatment and discovery of the de novo aneurysm was longer in the SAH group (p = 0.011). Conclusions While rare, de novo aneurysms may have a risk for SAH that is comparatively higher than the risk associated with similarly sized, small, initially discovered unruptured saccular aneurysms. The authors therefore recommend long-term follow-up for all patients with aneurysms, and they consider a more aggressive treatment strategy for de novo aneurysms than for incidentally discovered initial aneurysms.

Putative Precursors of Gallbladder Dysplasia: A Review of 400 Routinely Resected Specimens

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Steve K. Landas
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Gallbladder Carcinoma ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metaplasia Intestinal

Abstract Context.—Dysplasia is thought to be a precursor of invasive gallbladder carcinoma, but it is unsettled whether dysplasia arises from other precursor lesions. Objective.—To ascertain the presence and nature of precursors of dysplasia in the gallbladder. Design.—Four hundred consecutive cholecystectomy specimens were processed and stained routinely for diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed these cases to look for the presence of epithelial changes, including antral-type metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Results.—Antral-type metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia were found in 238 (59.5%), 39 (9.8%), and 20 (5.0%) cases, respectively. The mean patient age was 47.7 years (range, 15–93 years). The mean ages for patients with antral-type metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia were 49.4, 50.9, and 52.6 years, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found between antral-type metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia (P = .007, χ2 test) and between intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (P &lt; .001, χ2 test). Conclusion.—These associations, along with the age gradient from antral-type metaplasia to dysplasia, suggest a progression from antral-type metaplasia to dysplasia via intestinal metaplasia.

Gender and Regional Differences in In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) in the United States: Results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 1993-2003.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Carlton Haywood ◽  
Sophie Lanzkron
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Of Death

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to use the NIS to describe hospital utilization and in-hospital mortality among adults with SCA in the US between 1993-2003. Methods: The NIS is designed to approximate a 20% stratified sample of U.S. community hospitals. We restricted our analyses to discharge records with ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 28261 or 28262 (SCA without/with crisis), and where the age was listed as 18 or older. Analyses were conducted using tests of linear combinations of coefficients, χ2, and linear and logistic regression. Results: There were an estimated 705,080 hospitalizations over the time period (mean of 64,098 hospitalizations/year). 54% of all hospitalizations were for females. 50% of the hospitalizations were expected to be paid for by Medicaid. The mean patient age over the time period was 31.3 yrs. The mean patient age increased from 30.3 in 1993 to 32.1 in 2003 (p &lt; 0.001). Mean age over time increased even after adjusting for the gender makeup and hospital region (β=0.162, p &lt; 0.001). There were no gender differences in the median age (30) of patients. Mean length of stay (LOS) was 6.5 days for the time period. LOS decreased from 7.5 days in 1993 to 6.4 days in 2003 (p=0.001). Adult women experienced longer LOS than adult men (6.8 days vs. 6.3 days, p &lt;0.001). This difference remained significant even after controlling for age, time, insurance status, and hospital region (β = 0.49, p&lt;0.001). Mean charges/discharge increased from $16,799 in 1993 to $22,281 in 2003, even after adjusting for inflation (p &lt; 0.001). There were an estimated 4497 in-hospital deaths during the time period (0.64% of hospitalizations). The median age at death was 38. The median age at death increased from 35 in 1993 to 42 in 2003 (p = 0.0061). This was due to an increase in age of death (39) for women (p=0.0052). In men the median age of death (37) did not change over time(p=0.4352). In bivariate analyses of median age at death, women were older than men (39 vs. 37 p=0.0056). A simple logistic regression of deaths over time found no significant trends in the odds of an in-hospital death over the time period. In a multivariate model of death over time patients in the South and the West experienced higher odds of an in-hospital death than patients in the Northeast and Midwest. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that women with SCA have longer in-hospital LOS than men, and are older in age at death than men. While the median age at death among persons hospitalized with SCA has been increasing since 1993, this increase is seen exclusively in women. There has been no change in longevity in men hospitalized with SCA over the time period studied.

Sizes of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in relation to their sites and the ages of patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Weir ◽  
Lew Disney ◽  
Theodore Karrison
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors explore the risk of rupture in aneurysms categorized by size. Methods. A computerized database of 945 patients with aneurysms treated between 1967 and 1987 was retrospectively established. All available clinical and radiological studies were abstracted. Because of the recent interest in the size of intracranial aneurysms in relation to their likelihood of rupture, the database was searched with respect to this parameter. In 390 patients representing 41% of all cases, aneurysms were measured by neuroradiologists at the time of diagnosis. In 78% of the 945 patients there was only one aneurysm, and of the 507 aneurysms that were measured, 60% were solitary. Of all patients, 86% had ruptured aneurysms. The average age of all patients was 47 years, and for those with ruptured aneurysms it was 46 years. Of the ruptured aneurysms, 77% were 10 mm or smaller, compared with 85% of the unruptured aneurysms. It was found that 40.3% of the ruptured aneurysms were on the anterior cerebral artery or anterior communicating artery, compared with 13% of the unruptured aneurysms. None of the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms were ruptured and 65% of the ophthalmic artery (OphA) aneurysms were. Of the unruptured aneurysms, 15% were located in the cavernous ICA or the OphA. Of the ruptured aneurysms, 29% were on the middle cerebral artery, compared with 36% of the unruptured aneurysms. The mean size of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms showed no statistically significant increase with patient age, although the difference in size between the ruptured and unruptured aneurysms decreased with increasing age. The mean size of all ruptured aneurysms (10.8 mm) was significantly larger than the mean size of all unruptured aneurysms (7.8 mm, p < 0.001); the median sizes were 10 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The size of ruptured aneurysms in patients who died in the hospital was significantly larger than those in the patients who survived (12 mm compared with 9.9 mm, p = 0.004). Symptomatic unruptured aneurysms were significantly larger than incidental unruptured aneurysms (14.6 mm compared with 6.9 mm, p = 0.032), which were, in turn, larger than aneurysms that were unruptured and part of a multiple aneurysm constellation. Both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were larger in male than in female patients, but not significantly. Conclusions. Site and patient age, as well as lesion size, may affect the chance of rupture.

scholarly journals Size of colorectal polyps determines time taken to remove them endoscopically

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. E610-E615
Author(s):  
Heechan Kang ◽  
Mo Thoufeeq
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Polyp Size ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background an study aims Polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) are effective and safe ways of removing polyps from the colon at endoscopy. Guidelines exist for advising the time allocation for diagnostic endoscopy but not for polypectomy and EMR. The aim of this study was to identify if time allocated for polypectomy and EMR at planned therapeutic lists in our endoscopy unit is sufficient for procedures to be carried out. We also wanted to identify factors that might be associated with procedures taking longer than the allocated time and to identify factors that might predict duration of these procedures. Patients and methods A retrospective case study of planned 100 lower gastrointestinal EMR and polypectomy procedures at colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy was performed and analyzed with quantitative analysis. Results The mean actual procedural time (APT) for 100 procedures was 52 minutes and the mean allocated time (AT) was 43.05 minutes. Hence the mean APT was 9 minutes longer than the mean AT. Factors that were significantly associated with procedures taking longer than the allocated time were patient age (P = 0.029) and polyp size (P = 0.005). Factors that significant changed the actual procedure time were patient age (P = 0.018), morphology (P = 0.002) and polyp size (P < 0.001). Procedures involving flat and lateral spreading tumor (LST) type polyps took longer than the protruding ones. On multivariate analysis, polyp size was the only factor that associated with actual procedure time. Number of polyps, quality of bowel preparation, and distance of polyp from insertion did significantly change procedure duration. Conclusion Factors that significantly contribute to duration of polypectomy and EMR at lower gastrointestinal endoscopy include patient age and polyp size and morphology on univariate analysis, with polyp size being the factor with a significant association on multivariate analysis. We recommend that endoscopy units take these factors into consideration locally when allocating time for these procedures to be safe and effective.

Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurement between Non-Contact and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry among Glaucoma Patients in Ratchaburi Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-823
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) values acquired from the non-contact tonometers and a Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients. Materials and Methods: The present study included 300 eyes from 150 participants that attended the glaucoma outpatient clinic. The IOP was measured using both non-contact tonometry (NCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). The differences in IOP readings between the two techniques were evaluated. Results: The mean IOP as measured by NCT was 16.26±6.95 mmHg, when that of measured by GAT was 16.11±8.43 mmHg. The mean difference between the two techniques of measurement was 0.147±3.01 mmHg. The values acquired from NCT were slightly higher than those acquired by GAT in 49% of patients, and this difference was more distinct when the IOP as measured by GAT more than 21 mmHg. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation in the measurement of IOP between non-contact and GAT tonometers. NCT is a proper method for mass screenings of IOP even if the IOP measurement by NCT is slightly higher than by GAT. Keywords: Tonometry, Comparison, Glaucoma, Non-contact tonometry, Goldmann applanation tonometerv

scholarly journals The effect of body position on intraocular pressure in calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak Kurt ◽  
Halil H. Çağatay ◽  
Özgür Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

Tonometry is one of the basic diagnostic tests used for the diagnosis of glaucoma and uveitis in veterinary ophthalmology. The Icare® Rebound Tonometer which is a new tonometric device has been shown to be useful in a wide range of species. Eyes (n = 48) of 24 Simmental and Montafon calves with a mean age of 7.5 weeks (2–16 weeks), male and female, were subjected to intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement using the Icare® Rebound Tonometer with calves standing and in lateral recumbency. The mean IOP was measured as 9.02 ± 2.38 mmHg in the right eye and 9.08 ± 2.55 mmHg in the left eye. No age-related change was found in intraocular pressure of the calves between 2 and 16 weeks of age. No difference in IOP values was observed between Simmental and Montafon calves. Body position had no effect on IOP in calves. The Icare® Rebound Tonometer was shown to be a suitable diagnostic device for IOP measurement in calves.

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