scholarly journals Monthly Entomological Inoculation Rate Data for Studying the Seasonality of Malaria Transmission in Africa

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Edmund I. Yamba ◽  
Adrian M. Tompkins ◽  
Andreas H. Fink ◽  
Volker Ermert ◽  
Mbouna D. Amelie ◽  
...  

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to create a new database of 197 field surveys of monthly malaria Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIR), a metric of malaria transmission intensity. All field studies provide data at a monthly temporal resolution and have a duration of at least one year in order to study the seasonality of the disease. For inclusion, data collection methodologies adhered to a specific standard and the location and timing of the measurements were documented. Auxiliary information on the population and hydrological setting were also included. The database includes measurements that cover West and Central Africa and the period from 1945 to 2011, and hence facilitates analysis of interannual transmission variability over broad regions.

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Gemperli ◽  
Nafomon Sogoba ◽  
Etienne Fondjo ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Magaran Bagayoko ◽  
...  

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
P. Lemoine

SummaryIt is difficult to undertake field studies with non marketed psychotropic drugs because of two apparently contradictory conditions : on the one hand, the methodology has to be rigorously controlled, and on the other hand, such studies have to be carried out in their future environment by general practitioners (GPs). Bearing in mind the lack of training and experience regarding this kind of approach, the author adopted a discussion group method according to the techniques developed by M. Balint. The study group comprised five GPs, a clinical pharmacology expert and a doctor from the pharmaceutical laboratory which had developed the test drug. These persons met on a monthly basis over a one year period. In the present paper, the author indicates the benefits of such a methodology, based on six years’ experience and several trials, with special emphasis placed on the pedagogical aspects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1513-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Rodríguez ◽  
Joan Bech ◽  
Juan de Dios Soriano ◽  
Delia Gutiérrez ◽  
Salvador Castán

Abstract. Post-event damage assessments are of paramount importance to document the effects of high-impact weather-related events such as floods or strong wind events. Moreover, evaluating the damage and characterizing its extent and intensity can be essential for further analysis such as completing a diagnostic meteorological case study. This paper presents a methodology to perform field surveys of damage caused by strong winds of convective origin (i.e. tornado, downburst and straight-line winds). It is based on previous studies and also on 136 field studies performed by the authors in Spain between 2004 and 2018. The methodology includes the collection of pictures and records of damage to human-made structures and on vegetation during the in situ visit to the affected area, as well as of available automatic weather station data, witness reports and images of the phenomenon, such as funnel cloud pictures, taken by casual observers. To synthesize the gathered data, three final deliverables are proposed: (i) a standardized text report of the analysed event, (ii) a table consisting of detailed geolocated information about each damage point and other relevant data and (iii) a map or a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing the previous information ready for graphical display and further analysis. This methodology has been applied by the authors in the past, sometimes only a few hours after the event occurrence and, on many occasions, when the type of convective phenomenon was uncertain. In those uncertain cases, the information resulting from this methodology contributed effectively to discern the phenomenon type thanks to the damage pattern analysis, particularly if no witness reports were available. The application of methodologies such as the one presented here is necessary in order to build homogeneous and robust databases of severe weather cases and high-impact weather events.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Jaynes ◽  
Edward A. Myers ◽  
Václav Gvoždík ◽  
David C. Blackburn ◽  
Daniel M. Portik ◽  
...  

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