scholarly journals Paving the Way towards an Armenian Data Cube

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushanik Asmaryan ◽  
Vahagn Muradyan ◽  
Garegin Tepanosyan ◽  
Azatuhi Hovsepyan ◽  
Armen Saghatelyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Sentinel 2 ◽  
The Way

Environmental issues become an increasing global concern because of the continuous pressure on natural resources. Earth observations (EO), which include both satellite/UAV and in-situ data, can provide robust monitoring for various environmental concerns. The realization of the full information potential of EO data requires innovative tools to minimize the time and scientific knowledge needed to access, prepare and analyze a large volume of data. EO Data Cube (DC) is a new paradigm aiming to realize it. The article presents the Swiss-Armenian joint initiative on the deployment of an Armenian DC, which is anchored on the best practices of the Swiss model. The Armenian DC is a complete and up-to-date archive of EO data (e.g., Landsat 5, 7, 8, Sentinel-2) by benefiting from Switzerland’s expertise in implementing the Swiss DC. The use-case of confirm delineation of Lake Sevan using McFeeters band ratio algorithm is discussed. The validation shows that the results are sufficiently reliable. The transfer of the necessary knowledge from Switzerland to Armenia for developing and implementing the first version of an Armenian DC should be considered as a first step of a permanent collaboration for paving the way towards continuous remote environmental monitoring in Armenia.

scholarly journals SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO AO MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM ÁREAS COM ESCASSEZ DE DADOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM PIVÔ CENTRAL EM ITATINGA-SP

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-598
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Jandreice Magnoni ◽  
Cesar De Oliveira Ferreira Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Lilla Manzione
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Sentinel 2

SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO AO MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM ÁREAS COM ESCASSEZ DE DADOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM PIVÔ CENTRAL EM ITATINGA-SP*     PEDRO HENRIQUE JANDREICE MAGNONI1; CÉSAR DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA SILVA1 E RODRIGO LILLA MANZIONE2   1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista", Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil,  [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes, 780, CEP 17602496, Tupã – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Este artigo é proveniente das dissertações de mestrado dos dois primeiros autores.     1 RESUMO   Ferramentas baseadas em sensoriamento remoto possibilitam o monitoramento do balanço hídrico da água em diferentes resoluções espaciais e temporais. Ainda assim, modelos que exigem dados in-situ impossibilitam sua aplicação em áreas com escassez de dados. No sentido de lidar com esse desafio, o presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de escolha do momento de irrigar, pelo balanço hídrico da água no solo, baseada em estimativa da evapotranspiração real (ETA) obtida com o uso conjunto de imagens multiespectrais do sensor MSI/SENTINEL-2 e dados de uma estação meteorológica pública. A área de estudo foi um pivô central localizado no munícipio de Itatinga-SP. Para a tomada de decisão do momento de irrigar, com base em um manejo por lâmina de irrigação fixa, foi feita a interpolação da fração evapotranspirativa entre os dias com imagens disponíveis para obter a ETA nos dias sem imagens por meio do seu produto com a evapotranspiração de referência. Essa abordagem captou variações climáticas essenciais para a estimativa do balanço hídrico em dias sem imagem. Destaca-se nessa aplicação conjunta sua capacidade de ser realizada sem necessitar de parâmetros específicos da cultura, do microclima ou do relevo, tornando-se interessante para regiões com escassez de dados.   Palavras-chave:  evapotranspiração, momento de irrigar, agriwater.     MAGNONI, P. H. J.; SILVA, C. O. F.; MANZIONE, R. L. REMOTE SENSING APPLIED TO IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN AREAS WITH LACK OF DATA: A CASE STUDY IN A CENTRAL PIVOT IN ITATINGA-SP     2 ABSTRACT   Remote sensing-based tools allow the monitoring of water budgets over different spatial and temporal resolutions. Nevertheless, some models require in situ data, preventing their application in areas with a lack of data. To address this challenge, this work presents an approach for irrigation scheduling, based on soil water budget estimation using actual evapotranspiration (ETA) obtained using MSI/SENTINEL-2 multispectral images and data from a public meteorological station. The study area consisted of a central pivot located in the municipality of Itatinga-SP, Brazil. For decision-making of irrigation scheduling, considering a fixed irrigation rate, the evapotranspiration fraction was interpolated between the days with available images to obtain the ETA on the days without images using its product with the reference evapotranspiration. This approach captured essential climate variations for estimating the water budget on non-image days. Noteworthy in this joint application is its suitability to be performed not requiring crop-, microclimate- or relief-specific parameters, making it useful for regions with a lack of data.   Keywords: evapotranspiration, irrigation scheduling, agriwater.

Technology and atmospheric mission platform - OPerations (TOP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Natali ◽  
Clemens Rendl ◽  
Gerhard Triebnig ◽  
Daniel Santillan ◽  
Marcus Hirtl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
European Environmental Agency

<p>The ongoing rise in missions to observe Earth from space, especially the various Copernicus’ Sentinel systems not only increases the volume of data daily, but also contributes to the variety of data, the velocity of data availability, and its veracity. In this scenario, Sentinel 5P has already changed the way in which chemical atmospheric components are monitored daily, providing data with global coverage and a very detailed spatial resolution.</p><p>The discipline of atmospheric sciences poses an additional difficulty in efficiently accessing and analysing all available data: the variety is high as the source of atmospheric data is threefold with data coming from EO systems, models as well as in-situ measurements. The heterogeneity and multidimensionality of the so-called data triangle (EO, model, and in-situ data) make an efficient exploitation of the full potential of the available information even more challenging.</p><p>Following the successful experience of the Technology and Atmospheric Mission Platform (TAMP), TOP (http://top-platform.eu/ ) implements the concept of operational Virtual Research Environment (VRE), allowing data users to access, visualize, process, and download heterogeneous, multidimensional data.</p><p>Based on the ADAM datacube technology (https://adamplatform.eu), TOP allows exploiting the following datasets: Sentinel 5P Level 2 products (NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> tropospheric columns, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> total columns, and aerosol index); Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) global (surface PM<sub>10</sub>, total column NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>) and regional (surface PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) analysis and forecast fields; European Environmental Agency (EEA) measurements (CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>).</p><p>Users can visualize and process all available data through a web application user interface (Data Analysis and Visualization Environment – DAVE), through a Jupyter notebook interface, and using the ADAM APIs and libraries to directly access available data.</p><p>TOP is deployed on the Mundi DIAS infrastructure (https://mundiwebservices.com/). This allows accessing always most recent satellite products (reprocessed, offline, near real time), model output (analyses and forecasts – up to 5 days) and station measurements (full archive, updated daily).</p><p>TOP is the first operational platform with the data triangle implemented. By creating an atmospheric multi-source data cube, it stimulates a multi-disciplinary scientific approach and significantly facilitates scientific professional life.</p>

High-resolution sea surface salinity and temperature in coastal areas from Sentinel-2 and Copernicus Marine in situ data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Encarni Medina-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p>The aim of this work is to obtain high-resolution values of sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST) in the global ocean by using raw satellite data (i.e., without any band data pre-processing or atmospheric correction). Sentinel-2 Level 1-C Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data is used to obtain accurate SSS and SST information. A deep neural network is built to link the band information with in situ data from different buoys, vessels, drifters, and other platforms around the world. The neural network used in this paper includes shortcuts, providing an improved performance compared with the equivalent feed-forward architecture. The in situ information used as input for the network has been obtained from the Copernicus Marine In situ Service. Sentinel-2 platform-centred band data has been processed using Google Earth Engine in areas of 100 m x 100 m. Accurate salinity values are estimated for the first time independently of temperature. Salinity results rely only on direct satellite observations, although it presented a clear dependency on temperature ranges. Results show the neural network has good interpolation and extrapolation capabilities. Test results present correlation coefficients of 82% and 84% for salinity and temperature, respectively. The most common error for both SST and SSS is 0.4 C and 0.4 PSU. The sensitivity analysis shows that outliers are present in areas where the number of observations is very low. The network is finally applied over a complete Sentinel-2 tile, presenting sensible patterns for river-sea interaction, as well as seasonal variations. The methodology presented here is relevant for detailed coastal and oceanographic applications, reducing the time for data pre-processing, and it is applicable to a wide range of satellites, as the information is directly obtained from TOA data.</p>

scholarly journals Leveraging Earth Observations and In Situ Data in Support of Groundwater Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm Jones ◽  
Steven Evans ◽  
Travis McStraw ◽  
Jim Nelson ◽  
Daniel Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observations ◽  
Groundwater Sustainability ◽  
In Situ Data

scholarly journals Water Mixing Conditions Influence Sentinel-2 Monitoring of Chlorophyll Content in Monomictic Lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Michela Perrone ◽  
Massimiliano Scalici ◽  
Luisa Conti ◽  
David Moravec ◽  
Jan Kropáček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Sentinel 2

Prompt estimation of phytoplankton biomass is critical in determining the ecological quality of freshwaters. Remote Sensing (RS) may provide new opportunities to integrate with situ traditional monitoring techniques. Nonetheless, wide regional and temporal variability in freshwater optical constituents makes it difficult to design universally applicable RS protocols. Here, we assessed the potential of two neural networks-based models, namely the Case 2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) processor and the Mixture Density Network (MDN), applied to MSI Sentinel-2 data for monitoring Chlorophyll (Chl) content in three monomictic volcanic lakes while accounting for the effect of their specific water circulation pattern on the remotely-sensed and in situ data relation. Linear mixed models were used to test the relationship between the remote sensing indices calculated through C2RCC (INN) and MDN (IMDN), and in situ Chl concentration. Both indices proved to explain a large portion of the variability in the field data and exhibited a positive and significant relationship between Chl concentration and satellite data, but only during the mixing phase. The significant effect of the water circulation period can be explained by the low responsiveness of the RS approaches applied here to the low phytoplankton biomass, typical of the stratification phase. Sentinel-2 data proved their valuable potential for the remote sensing of phytoplankton in small inland water bodies, otherwise challenging with previous sensors. However, caution should be taken, since the applicability of such an approach on certain water bodies may depend on hydrological and ecological parameters (e.g., thermal stratification and seasonal nutrient availability) potentially altering RS chlorophyll detection by neural networks-based models, despite their alleged global validity.

scholarly journals Retrieval and mapping of chlorophyll-a concentration from Sentinel-2 images in an urban river in the semiarid region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rhadamek Alves Pereira ◽  
João Batista Lopes ◽  
Giovana Mira de Espindola ◽  
Carlos Ernando da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Sentinel 2

Recently, the Poti river mouth region has experienced environmental impacts that resulted in a change of landscape in its dry season, highlighting the eutrophication and proliferation of phytoplankton, algae, cyanobacteria and aquatic plants. Considering the aspects related to water-quality monitoring in the semiarid region of Brazil from remote sensing, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Sentinel-2A satellite data in the retrieval of chlorophyll-a concentration in Poti River in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. The chlorophyll-a concentration retrieval and mapping methodology involved the study of the water surface reflectance in Sentinel-2A images and their correlation with the chlorophyll-a data collected in situ during the years 2016 and 2017. The results generated by the Chl-1, Ha et al. (2017), Chl-2, Page et al. (2018), and Chl-3, Kuhn et al. (2019) equations show the need for calibrating the algorithms used for the Poti River water components. However, the empirical algorithm Chl-2 shows a correlation has been established to identify the spatiotemporal variation of chlorophyll-a concentration along the Poti River broadly and not punctually. The spatial distribution of this pigment in maps derived from Sentinel-2A is consistent with the pattern of occurrence determined by the in situ data. Therefore, the MSI sensor proved to be a tool suitable for the retrieval and monitoring of chlorophyll-a concentration along the Poti River.

scholarly journals Validation and Comparison of Water Quality Products in Baltic Lakes Using Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI Data

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli Soomets ◽  
Kristi Uudeberg ◽  
Dainis Jakovels ◽  
Agris Brauns ◽  
Matiss Zagars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Types ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Sentinel 2

Inland waters, including lakes, are one of the key points of the carbon cycle. Using remote sensing data in lake monitoring has advantages in both temporal and spatial coverage over traditional in-situ methods that are time consuming and expensive. In this study, we compared two sensors on different Copernicus satellites: Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on Sentinel-2 and Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) on Sentinel-3 to validate several processors and methods to derive water quality products with best performing atmospheric correction processor applied. For validation we used in-situ data from 49 sampling points across four different lakes, collected during 2018. Level-2 optical water quality products, such as chlorophyll-a and the total suspended matter concentrations, water transparency, and the absorption coefficient of the colored dissolved organic matter were compared against in-situ data. Along with the water quality products, the optical water types were obtained, because in lakes one-method-to-all approach is not working well due to the optical complexity of the inland waters. The dynamics of the optical water types of the two sensors were generally in agreement. In most cases, the band ratio algorithms for both sensors with optical water type guidance gave the best results. The best algorithms to obtain the Level-2 water quality products were different for MSI and OLCI. MSI always outperformed OLCI, with R2 0.84–0.97 for different water quality products. Deriving the water quality parameters with optical water type classification should be the first step in estimating the ecological status of the lakes with remote sensing.

scholarly journals First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giardino ◽  
Mariano Bresciani ◽  
Federica Braga ◽  
Alice Fabbretto ◽  
Nicola Ghirardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Italian Space Agency ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Sentinel 2

This study presents a first assessment of the Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiances measured in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths from PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa), the new hyperspectral satellite sensor of the Italian Space Agency in orbit since March 2019. In particular, the radiometrically calibrated PRISMA Level 1 TOA radiances were compared to the TOA radiances simulated with a radiative transfer code, starting from in situ measurements of water reflectance. In situ data were obtained from a set of fixed position autonomous radiometers covering a wide range of water types, encompassing coastal and inland waters. A total of nine match-ups between PRISMA and in situ measurements distributed from July 2019 to June 2020 were analysed. Recognising the role of Sentinel-2 for inland and coastal waters applications, the TOA radiances measured from concurrent Sentinel-2 observations were added to the comparison. The results overall demonstrated that PRISMA VNIR sensor is providing TOA radiances with the same magnitude and shape of those in situ simulated (spectral angle difference, SA, between 0.80 and 3.39; root mean square difference, RMSD, between 0.98 and 4.76 [mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1]), with slightly larger differences at shorter wavelengths. The PRISMA TOA radiances were also found very similar to Sentinel-2 data (RMSD < 3.78 [mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1]), and encourage a synergic use of both sensors for aquatic applications. Further analyses with a higher number of match-ups between PRISMA, in situ and Sentinel-2 data are however recommended to fully characterize the on-orbit calibration of PRISMA for its exploitation in aquatic ecosystem mapping.

scholarly journals Development of Nationwide Road Quality Map: Remote Sensing Meets Field Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Sadra Karimzadeh ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Quality Map ◽  
Sentinel 2

In this study, we measured the in situ international roughness index (IRI) for first-degree roads spanning more than 1300 km in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, using a quarter car (QC). Since road quality mapping with in situ measurements is a costly and time-consuming task, we also developed new equations for constructing a road quality proxy map (RQPM) using discriminant analysis and multispectral information from high-resolution Sentinel-2 images, which we calibrated using the in situ data on the basis of geographic information system (GIS) data. The developed equations using optimum index factor (OIF) and norm R provide a valuable tool for creating proxy maps and mitigating hazards at the network scale, not only for primary roads but also for secondary roads, and for reducing the costs of road quality monitoring. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the norm R equation for road classification in East Azerbaijan province are 65.0% and 0.59, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimation of water quality parameters from space images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Chl A ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Sentinel 2

Water quality affects many human activities. Remote sensing is efficient and economical instrument for water monitoring. The paper investigates the problem of choosing an algorithm for Chl-a concentration determination. In this study, we made calculations for Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on Sentinel-2 for Lake Baikal by different empirical algorithms and C2RCC tool. We choose 3 band combination that have high correlation with in situ data of Chl-a. Resultant distribution map display spatial dynamics of Chl-a in the lake. Our research is intended to help environmental scientist to assess pollution level of the Lake Baikal and interpret the ecological meaning of results

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