scholarly journals Urban Mobility Demand Profiles: Time Series for Cars and Bike-Sharing Use as a Resource for Transport and Energy Modeling

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noussan ◽  
Carioni ◽  
Sanvito ◽  
Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
The City

The transport sector is currently facing a significant transition, with strong drivers includingdecarbonization and digitalization trends, especially in urban passenger transport. The availability ofmonitoring data is at the basis of the development of optimization models supporting an enhancedurban mobility, with multiple benefits including lower pollutants and CO2 emissions, lower energyconsumption, better transport management and land space use. This paper presents two datasetsthat represent time series with a high temporal resolution (five-minute time step) both for vehiclesand bike sharing use in the city of Turin, located in Northern Italy. These high-resolution profileshave been obtained by the collection and elaboration of available online resources providing liveinformation on traffic monitoring and bike sharing docking stations. The data are provided for theentire year 2018, and they represent an interesting basis for the evaluation of seasonal and dailyvariability patterns in urban mobility. These data may be used for different applications, rangingfrom the chronological distribution of mobility demand, to the estimation of passenger transportflows for the development of transport models in urban contexts. Moreover, traffic profiles are at thebasis for the modeling of electric vehicles charging strategies and their interaction with the powergrid.

scholarly journals Behavioural changes in urban mobility in Barcelona due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The City

This study assesses changes in mobility behaviour in the City of Barcelona due the COVID‐19pandemic and its impact on air pollution and GHG emissions. Urban transport is an important sourceof global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving urban mobility patterns is therefore crucial formitigating climate change. This study combines quantitative survey data and official governmentdata with in‐depth interviews with public administration officials of the City. Data illustrates thatBarcelona has experienced an unprecedented reduction in mobility during the lockdown (a 90%drop) and mobility remained at comparatively low levels throughout the year 2020. Most remarkableis the decrease in the use of public transport in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic levels, whereas roadtraffic has decreased to a lesser extent and cycling surged at times to levels up to 60% higher thanpre‐pandemic levels. These changes in mobility have led to a radical and historic reduction in airpollution, with NO2 and PM10 concentration complying with WHO guidelines in 2020. Reductions inGHG emissions for Barcelona’s transport sector are estimated at almost 250.000 t CO2eq in 2020 (7%of the City’s overall annual emissions). The study derives policy implications aimed at achieving along‐term shift towards climate‐friendlier, low‐emission transport in Barcelona, namely how torecover lost demand in public transport and seize the opportunity that the crisis brings for reform byfurther reducing road traffic and establishing a 'cycling culture' in Barcelona, as already achieved inother European cities.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Bike-Sharing Usage: The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Nikiforiadis ◽  
Georgia Ayfantopoulou ◽  
Afroditi Stamelou
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect in urban mobility, while essential changes are being observed in travelers’ behavior. Travelers in many cases shifted to other transport modes, especially walking and cycling, for minimizing the risk of infection. This study attempts to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on travelers’ perceptions towards bike-sharing systems and whether the pandemic could result in a greater or lesser share of trips that are being conducted through shared bikes. For that reason, a questionnaire survey was carried out in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, and the responses of 223 people were analyzed statistically. The results of the analysis show that COVID-19 will not affect significantly the number of people using bike-sharing for their trips. However, for a proportion of people, bike-sharing is now more attractive. Moreover, the results indicate that bike-sharing is now more likely to become a more preferable mobility option for people who were previously commuting with private cars as passengers (not as drivers) and people who were already registered users in a bike-sharing system. The results also provide evidence about the importance of safety towards COVID-19 for engaging more users in bike-sharing, in order to provide them with a safe mobility option and contribute to the city’s resilience and sustainability.

scholarly journals Topological indexes and community structure for urban mobility networks: Variations in a business day

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248126
Author(s):  
Jéssica D. Lamosa ◽  
Lívia R. Tomás ◽  
Marcos G. Quiles ◽  
Luciana R. Londe ◽  
Leonardo B. L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The City

Topological analysis and community detection in mobility complex networks have an essential role in many contexts, from economics to the environmental agenda. However, in many cases, the dynamic component of mobility data is not considered directly. In this paper, we study how topological indexes and community structure changes in a business day. For the analyzes, we use a mobility database with a high temporal resolution. Our case study is the city of São José dos Campos (Brazil)—the city is divided into 55 traffic zones. More than 20 thousand people were asked about their travels the day before the survey (Origin-Destination Survey). We generated a set of graphs, where each vertex represents a traffic zone, and the edges are weighted by the number of trips between them, restricted to a time window. We calculated topological properties, such as degree, clustering coefficient and diameter, and the network’s community structure. The results show spatially concise community structures related to geographical factors such as highways and the persistence of some communities for different timestamps. These analyses may support the definition and adjustment of public policies to improve urban mobility. For instance, the community structure of the network might be useful for defining inter-zone public transportation.

scholarly journals A Database of 10 min Average Measurements of Solar Radiation and Meteorological Variables in Ostrava, Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Opálková ◽  
Martin Navrátil ◽  
Vladimír Špunda ◽  
Philippe Blanc ◽  
Lucien Wald
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The City

Abstract. A database containing 10 min means of downward surface solar irradiance measured on a horizontal plane in several ultraviolet and visible bands from July 2014 to December 2016 at three stations in the area of the city of Ostrava (Czech Republic) is presented. The database contains time series of 10 min average irradiances or photosynthetic photon flux densities measured in the following spectral bands: [280, 315] nm (UVB); [315, 380]  nm (UVA); [400, 700] nm (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR); [510, 700] nm; [600, 700] nm; [610, 680] nm; [690, 780] nm; [400, 1100] nm. A series of meteorological variables including relative air humidity and air temperature at surface is also provided at the same 10 min time step at all three stations, and in addition air pressure, wind speed and wind direction at two stations. These two stations offer additional data: PM10, SO2, NOx, NO, NO2 concentrations. The details of the experimental sites and instruments used for the measurements are given. Special attention is given to the data quality, and the process applied to label suspicious or erroneous measurements is described in detail. About 130 000 records for all three stations are available in the database. This database offers a unique ensemble of variables having a high temporal resolution and it is a reliable source on radiation in relation with environment and vegetation in highly polluted areas of industrial cities in the middle of Europe. The database has been placed on the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.879722) and contains individual data files of the three stations.

scholarly journals Bicycle Traffic Model for Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5970
Author(s):  
Jacek Oskarbski ◽  
Krystian Birr ◽  
Karol Żarski
Keyword(s):  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Modelling tools and transport models are required to assess the impact of measures for the effective planning of cycling routes in cities. This paper presents the methodology for developing a four-stage macroscopic model of bicycle traffic for the city of Gdynia, and its use in planning new bicycle routes, considering a modal shift. The model presented in this paper allows for the evaluation of the influence of the characteristics of the cycling infrastructure, along with the development of the cycling network based on the choice of cycling as an alternative to other modes of transport, by taking into account the modal shift. The model takes into account the influence of the longitudinal gradient, link, and surface type of cycling routes on the distribution and demand for bicycle traffic. The results of our research allow us to assess the impact of planned cycling routes on the reduction in the volume of car traffic, which is crucial for reducing energy consumption and negative environmental impacts. Experiences from the application of the model in Gdynia suggest that the model provides a strong basis to support mobility planning and monitoring processes in cities worldwide. Cities should take into account the methods proposed in this paper when planning the development of their transport systems.

Carbon dioxide emissions variability monitoring, based on four years of Eddy Covariance measurements in a typical Mediterranean city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Politakos ◽  
Stavros Stagakis ◽  
Nektarios Chrysoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Time Step ◽  
The City ◽  
Mediterranean City

<p>Urban areas around the globe are growing rapidly and as a consequence the anthropogenic effects on the environment are ever-increasing. Understanding the dynamics, procedures and mechanics behind urban greenhouse gas emissions is a challenge for the scientific community. This study investigates the variability of urban CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the city centre of Heraklion, a typical Mediterranean city in Greece, during a four-year period with gradual changes in the traffic regulations and changes in traffic patterns due to the recent restriction measures imposed to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CO<sub>2</sub> flux (Fc) was measured using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method with a single tower-based system, permanently installed in the centre of the city. Fc was calculated at a 30-min time step and the time-series were quality-controlled and gap-filled using a moving look-up table (mLUT) technique. Fc time series were then aggregated to monthly and yearly emissions totals. Annual flux source area was estimated with the Flux Footprint Prediction (FFP) model, parameterized using measured atmospheric parameters and urban morphological parameters extracted from a Digital Surface Model. The source area was characterized by complex urban morphology and land use types. Specifically, at North of the tower a commercial zone is located, where significantly higher Fc patterns were detected, compared to South, where a residential area dominates. A gradual reduction to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions has been observed since 2016, due to urban planning interventions related to pedestalization of extended areas in the city centre and traffic regulation. During the COVID-19 lockdown period in the Spring of 2020, the diurnal Fc patterns and the monthly aggregated Fc showed significant reductions in the order of 70 % compared to the previous years. Fc values returned to the previous years’ levels with the end of the lock-down in the summer 2020, as it was expected. Finally, during the second lock-down, started in Greece in November 2020, the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were higher compared to the first lock-down, reflecting a higher level of mobility in Heraklion centre.</p>

scholarly journals The Bike-Sharing System in Slovakia and the Impact of COVID-19 on This Shared Mobility Service in a Selected City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6544
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kubaľák ◽  
Alica Kalašová ◽  
Ambróz Hájnik
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Mobility Service ◽  
Current State ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The current COVID-19 pandemic situation has a very significant impact on urban mobility, as evidenced by fundamental changes in passengers’ behavior. In many cases, passengers have switched to other modes of transport to minimize the risk of infection (particularly cycling and walking). This paper aims to point out the analysis results of the impacts of a bike-sharing system in the city of Košice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this paper describes an analysis of the current state of bike-sharing in the Slovak Republic. We have stated a timeline of significant dates related to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 had a significant impact on people’s mobility and bike-sharing, as evidenced by the graphs and results in this paper.

scholarly journals Sharing Lisboa: A Digital Social Market to Promote Sustainable and Energy Efficient Behaviours

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New City ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Change Mitigation

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.

scholarly journals Assessment of Automatically Monitored Water Levels and Water Quality Indicators in Rivers with Different Hydromorphological Conditions and Pollution Levels in Greece

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Angeliki Mentzafou ◽  
George Varlas ◽  
Anastasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Georgios Poulis ◽  
Elias Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems

Water resources, especially riverine ecosystems, are globally under qualitative and quantitative degradation due to human-imposed pressures. High-temporal-resolution data obtained from automatic stations can provide insights into the processes that link catchment hydrology and streamwater chemistry. The scope of this paper was to investigate the statistical behavior of high-frequency measurements at sites with known hydromorphological and pollution pressures. For this purpose, hourly time series of water levels and key water quality indicators (temperature, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations) collected from four automatic monitoring stations under different hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures were statistically elaborated. Based on the results, the hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures of each station were confirmed to be reflected in the results of the statistical analysis performed. It was proven that the comparative use of the statistics and patterns of the water level and quality high-frequency time series could be used in the interpretation of the current site status as well as allowing the detection of possible changes. This approach can be used as a tool for the definition of thresholds, and will contribute to the design of management and restoration measures for the most impacted areas.

scholarly journals Application of Mathematical and Computational Methods to Identify Women’s Priorities in Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Sara Poveda-Reyes ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Malviya ◽  
Elena García-Jiménez ◽  
Gemma Dolores Molero ◽  
Maria Chiara Leva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Safe Transport

It is well established that the transport sector is not an equalitarian sector. To develop a sustainable society, a more equalitarian and safe transport system for both users and transport sector employees is needed. This work prioritizes the needs and barriers previously identified as relevant among transport system users and employees for four different transport scenarios (railways, autonomous vehicles (AVs), bicycle-sharing services (BSSs), and employment). The aim of this paper is to prioritize the factors affecting women in these four transport scenarios with the help of a survey followed by the application of mathematical and computational algorithms based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The identification of factors with higher influence in the fair participation of women in the transport sector will help transport planners, bike-sharing system owners, decision-makers, transport companies, and regulatory professionals to develop measures that could plausibly increase the proportion of women as users of BSSs, users of rail public transport, and AVs, as well as employees in the transport sector for a sustainable society. The results indicated that safety and security were the most challenging factors for railways. Weather, topography, and family responsibilities were shown to have a high influence on the use of BSSs. In the case of autonomous vehicles, the simultaneity and trust in the technology are the main opportunities to influence the acceptance of such vehicles. Finally, for transport employment, caring and parenting responsibilities were the factors that had the largest effect. Some differences in priorities were found for different profiles of women.

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