scholarly journals Salt Marsh Restoration for the Provision of Multiple Ecosystem Services

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Janine B. Adams ◽  
Jacqueline L. Raw ◽  
Taryn Riddin ◽  
Johan Wasserman ◽  
Lara Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Run Off

Restoration of salt marsh is urgent, as these ecosystems provide natural coastal protection from sea-level rise impacts, contribute towards climate change mitigation, and provide multiple ecosystem services including supporting livelihoods. This study identified potential restoration sites for intervention where agricultural and degraded land could be returned to salt marsh at a national scale in South African estuaries. Overall, successful restoration of salt marsh in some estuaries will require addressing additional pressures such as freshwater inflow reduction and deterioration of water quality. Here, we present, a socio-ecological systems framework for salt marsh restoration that links salt marsh state and the well-being of people to guide meaningful and implementable management and restoration interventions. The framework is applied to a case study at the Swartkops Estuary where the primary restoration intervention intends to route stormwater run-off to abandoned salt works to re-create aquatic habitat for waterbirds, enhance carbon storage, and provide nutrient filtration. As the framework is generalized, while still allowing for site-specific pressures to be captured, there is potential for it to be applied at the national scale, with the largest degraded salt marsh areas set as priorities for such an initiative. It is estimated that ~1970 ha of salt marsh can be restored in this way, and this represents a 14% increase in the habitat cover for the country. Innovative approaches to restoring and improving condition are necessary for conserving salt marshes and the benefits they provide to society.

scholarly journals Top-down and sideways: Herbivory and cross-ecosystem connectivity shape restoration success at the salt marsh-upland ecotone

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247374
Author(s):  
Kerstin Wasson ◽  
Karen E. Tanner ◽  
Andrea Woofolk ◽  
Sean McCain ◽  
Justin P. Suraci
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
High Marsh ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
Restoration Success

Wetland restoration provides remarkable opportunities to understand vegetation dynamics and to inform success of future projects through rigorous restoration experiments. Salt marsh restoration typically focuses on physical factors such as sediment dynamics and elevation. Despite many demonstrations of strong top-down effects on salt marshes, the potential for consumers to affect salt marsh restoration projects has rarely been quantified. Recently, major restoration projects at the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve in central California, USA provided an opportunity to examine how herbivory influences restoration success. We quantified the strength of consumer effects by comparing caged to uncaged plantings, and compared effects among plant species and sites. We used camera traps to detect which herbivores were most common and how their abundance varied spatially. Beyond characterizing consumer effects, we also tested management strategies for reducing negative effects of herbivory at the restoration sites, including caging, mowing, and acoustic playbacks of predator sounds. We found extremely strong consumer effects at sites with extensive stands of exotic forbs upland of the high marsh; uncaged restoration plants suffered heavy herbivory and high mortality, while most caged plants survived. Brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani) were by far the most frequent consumers of these high marsh plants. Our work thus provides the first evidence of mammal consumers affecting salt marsh restoration success. Mowing of tall exotic forb cover adjacent to the marsh at one restoration site greatly reduced consumption, and nearly all monitored plantings survived at a second restoration site where construction had temporarily eliminated upland cover. Playbacks of predator sounds did not significantly affect restoration plantings, but restoration efforts in marsh communities vulnerable to terrestrial herbivory may benefit from concurrent restoration of predator communities in the upland habitats surrounding the marsh. A landscape approach is thus critical for recognizing linkages between terrestrial and marine vegetation.

scholarly journals NATURE-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION: WAVE DAMPING BY FLEXIBLE SALT MARSH VEGETATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Thomas J van Veelen ◽  
Harshinie Karunarathna ◽  
William G Bennett ◽  
Tom P Fairchild ◽  
Dominic E Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Wave Damping ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Wave Energy Dissipation

The ability of coastal vegetation to attenuate waves has been well established (Moller et al., 2014). Salt marshes are vegetated coastal wetlands that can act as nature- based coastal defenses. They exhibit a range of plant species, which have been shown to differ in the amount of wave damping they provide (Mullarney & Henderson, 2018). Recent studies have shown that plant flexibility is a key parameter that controls wave energy dissipation (Paul et al., 2016). Yet, no model exists that includes plant flexibility in computationally efficient manner for large-scale coastal zones. Therefore, we have developed a new model for flexible vegetation based on the key mechanisms in the wave-vegetation interaction and applied it to an estuary with diverse salt marsh vegetation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/AjnFx3aFSzs

Salt marsh restoration: an overview of techniques and success indicators

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masum Billah ◽  
Md Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohammad Ahsanul Islam ◽  
Jewel Das ◽  
ATM Rafiqul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Success Indicators

Role of Science and Partnerships in Salt Marsh Restoration at the Galilee Bird Sanctuary, Narragansett, Rhode Island

2012 ◽  
pp. 333-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis C. Golet ◽  
Dennis H. A. Myshrall ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Peter W. C. Paton ◽  
Brian C. Tefft
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration

scholarly journals Using Multispectral Drone Imagery for Spatially Explicit Modeling of Wave Attenuation through a Salt Marsh Meadow

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Antoine Mury ◽  
Antoine Collin ◽  
Thomas Houet ◽  
Emilien Alvarez-Vanhard ◽  
Dorothée James
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Red Edge

Offering remarkable biodiversity, coastal salt marshes also provide a wide variety of ecosystem services: cultural services (leisure, tourist amenities), supply services (crop production, pastoralism) and regulation services including carbon sequestration and natural protection against coastal erosion and inundation. The consideration of this coastal protection ecosystem service takes part in a renewed vision of coastal risk management and especially marine flooding, with an emerging focus on “nature-based solutions.” Through this work, using remote-sensing methods, we propose a novel drone-based spatial modeling methodology of the salt marsh hydrodynamic attenuation at very high spatial resolution (VHSR). This indirect modeling is based on in situ measurements of significant wave heights (Hm0) that constitute the ground truth, as well as spectral and topographical predictors from VHSR multispectral drone imagery. By using simple and multiple linear regressions, we identify the contribution of predictors, taken individually, and jointly. The best individual drone-based predictor is the green waveband. Dealing with the addition of individual predictors to the red-green-blue (RGB) model, the highest gain is observed with the red edge waveband, followed by the near-infrared, then the digital surface model. The best full combination is the RGB enhanced by the red edge and the normalized difference vegetation index (coefficient of determination (R2): 0.85, root mean square error (RMSE): 0.20%/m).

scholarly journals Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: An incubation experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1911-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faming Wang ◽  
Kevin D. Kroeger ◽  
Meagan E. Gonneea ◽  
John W. Pohlman ◽  
Jianwu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Carbon Decomposition

scholarly journals Short-term effect of simulated salt marsh restoration by sand-amendment on sediment bacterial communities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0215767 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Thomas ◽  
James T. Morris ◽  
Cathleen Wigand ◽  
Stefan M. Sievert
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Sediment Bacterial Communities

scholarly journals Evaluation of salt marsh restoration by means of self-regulating tidal gate – Avon estuary, South Devon, UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 174-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Mick E. Hanley ◽  
Anissa C. Halwyn ◽  
Will Blake ◽  
Ken Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration

scholarly journals Windows of opportunity for salt marsh establishment: the importance for salt marsh restoration in the Yangtze Estuary

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Ya‐Hui Chen ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Hao‐Bing Cao ◽  
Zhi‐Yuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Yangtze Estuary ◽  
The Yangtze Estuary ◽  
Salt Marsh Restoration ◽  
Marsh Restoration ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity
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