scholarly journals Salinity Affects Freshwater Invertebrate Traits and Litter Decomposition

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Manuela Abelho ◽  
Rui Ribeiro ◽  
Matilde Moreira-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Salinity Levels

We evaluated the effect of seawater intrusion in coastal ecosystems on the freshwater invertebrate community and on leaf litter decomposition under realistic scenarios in six outdoor freshwater mesocosms containing fauna and flora, to which increasing volumes of seawater were added. The resulting salinity values were 0.28 (control, freshwater only), 2.0, 3.3, 5.5, 9.3, and 15.3 mS cm−1. The effect of salinity was assessed for 65 days after seawater intrusion, by computing the deviation of values in each treatment in relation to the control. Our results show that seawater intrusion into freshwaters will affect the invertebrate communities and organic matter decomposition, with salinities of up to 3.3–5.5 mS cm−1 having opposite effects to salinities of more than 9.3 mS cm−1. There was a net negative effect of the two highest salinities on mass loss and richness of the invertebrates associated with the decomposing leaves. Regarding the invertebrate communities of the mesocosms, there was a net negative effect of the intermediate salinity levels on abundance and richness. Invertebrate life cycle traits conferring resilience and resistance tended to increase with low and decrease with high salinity values, while avoidance traits showed an opposite trend, and these responses were more pronounced on the later stage community. These wave-like responses of the invertebrate species traits to increasing salinity suggest that the life-history and physiological adaptations most suitable to cope with osmotic stress will differ between low and high salinity levels.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition and nutrient release mediated by litter types and seasonal change in a temperate forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Yan ◽  
Xiongde Dong ◽  
Binbin Huang ◽  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Ziming Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mixed Litter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Four Levels

We conducted a field experiment with four levels of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively) to investigate the response of litter decomposition of Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), and their mixture to N deposition during winter and growing seasons. Results showed that N addition significantly increased the mass loss of PK litter and significantly decreased the mass loss of TA litter throughout the 2 yr decomposition processes, which indicated that the different responses in the decomposition of different litters to N addition can be species specific, potentially attributed to different litter chemistry. The faster decomposition of PK litter with N addition occurred mainly in the winter, whereas the slower decomposition of TA litter with N addition occurred during the growing season. Moreover, N addition had a positive effect on the release of phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese for PK litter and had a negative effect on the release of carbon, iron, and lignin for TA litter. Decomposition and nutrient release from mixed litter with N addition showed a non-additive effect. The mass loss from litter in the first winter and over the entire study correlated positively with the initial concentration of cellulose, lignin, and certain nutrients in the litter, demonstrating the potential influence of different tissue chemistries.

scholarly journals Riparian Vegetation Structure Influences Terrestrial Invertebrate Communities in an Agricultural Landscape

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Cristina Popescu ◽  
Mihaela Oprina-Pavelescu ◽  
Valentin Dinu ◽  
Constantin Cazacu ◽  
Francis J. Burdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity

Stream and terrestrial ecosystems are intimately connected by riparian zones that support high biodiversity but are also vulnerable to human impacts. Landscape disturbances, overgrazing, and diffuse pollution of agrochemicals threaten riparian biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We assessed how terrestrial invertebrate communities respond to changes in riparian vegetation in Romanian agricultural catchments, with a focus on the role of forested riparian buffers. Riparian invertebrates were sampled in 10 paired sites, with each pair consisting of an unbuffered upstream reach and a downstream reach buffered with woody riparian vegetation. Our results revealed distinct invertebrate community structures in the two site types. Out of 33 invertebrate families, 13 were unique to either forested (6) or unbuffered (7) sites. Thomisidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathidae, Curculionidae, Culicidae, and Cicadidae were associated with forested buffers, while Lycosidae, Chrysomelidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Formicidae, and Eutichuridae were more abundant in unbuffered sites. Despite statistically equivocal results, invertebrate diversity was generally higher in forested riparian buffers. Local riparian attributes significantly influenced patterns in invertebrate community composition. Our findings highlight the importance of local woody riparian buffers in maintaining terrestrial invertebrate diversity and their potential contribution as a multifunctional management tool in agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Are litter decomposition and fire linked through plant species traits?

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes H. C. Cornelissen ◽  
Saskia Grootemaat ◽  
Lieneke M. Verheijen ◽  
William K. Cornwell ◽  
Peter M. van Bodegom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Traits

scholarly journals The Mineral Composition of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under Low to High Salinity Irrigation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7361
Author(s):  
Rania Dghaim ◽  
Zied Hammami ◽  
Rola Al Ghali ◽  
Linda Smail ◽  
Dalia Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Palm Fruits

Adaptability to salinity varies between different varieties of date palm trees. This research aims to explore the long-term impact of different salinity irrigation levels on the mineral content of 13 date palm varieties grown in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Date varieties were grown using three irrigation water salinity levels of 5, 10 and 15 dS m−1. The mineral composition (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn) of date palm fruits was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). High salinity levels showed no effect on the mineral content of Ajwat AlMadinah, Naghal, Barhi, Shagri, Abu Maan, Jabri, Sukkari and Rothan varieties. All date varieties remained good sources of dietary potassium, magnesium, manganese and boron even at high salinity levels. Increased salinity had no effect on the percent Daily Value (%DV) categories of most of the analyzed minerals. While no genotypes showed a general adaptation to different saline environments, Barhi, Ajwat Al Madinah, Khinizi, Maktoumi and Shagri varieties were more stable towards salinity variation. In the UAE, the genotype x saline-environment interaction was found to be high which makes it impossible to attribute the variation in mineral content to a single varietal or salinity effect.

Desalination of brackish water for agriculture: challenges and future perspectives for seawater intrusion areas in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Huu Cong
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Nano Filtration ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract This research aims to provide an overview of the seawater encroachment threat on agriculture in lowland areas and potential solutions for better practices. It was found that the Mekong river delta experiences severe impacts from climate change with more than 75% of provinces affected by seawater intrusion, of which Kien Giang, Ca Mau and Ben Tre provinces are the most influenced with 70% affected areas. The salinity of river water was observed in the range of 15–30 g/L in 2015; meanwhile, the strongest tolerated rice species reached ceiling values of 3–4 g/L. Emerging challenges were identified due to the uncertain upstream hydrological regime coupled with high levels of tide, field evaporation and water withdrawal. The development strategies of affected provinces are given on the modification of rice tolerant capacity, and modification to aquaculture in areas with high salinity, in which water purification is in urgent demand. Desalination technologies have been proposed with various innovations which are still not practical on a large scale. The desalination of seawater and brackish water by reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, electro-dialysis, ion-exchange resins, electrochemical processes and thermal distillation has been applied to agriculture. The advance reverse osmosis shows most potential because of its advances in treating performance, cost effectiveness and effective rejection of brine.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Hydrophobic Membrane Used in a Desalination System: A Comparison between Static and Moving Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Darem Ahmad ◽  
Roy Presswell ◽  
Hussam Jouhara
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
System A ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Wild Life

Water scarcity is growing and in particularly in regions where population is high. It is estimated by world wild life organization that two thirds of human population may face water shortage by 2025. However, the amount of water available on earth covers approximately two thirds of the total surface area, but most of the water is seawater. Seawater cannot be used for any human use due to the high salinity levels. Desalination processes have been implemented on various scales whereby reverse osmosis is the most successful. However, such system is too complex and expensive. An alternative system utilizing humidification-dehumidification process for desalination is proposed in this paper. The process involves the use of a novel hydrophobic membrane allowing the humidification. Two configurations have been tested in a closed loop cycle, namely: static and moving membrane. The results from the experiments have shown that the efficiency of the moving membrane configuration is higher than the static by 46%. And based on 1 Litre brine feed, 50% of the volume has been successfully desalinated.

Does artificial light at night change the impact of silver nanoparticles on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition in streams?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaozhong Pu ◽  
Danjuan Zeng ◽  
Ling Mo ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Longwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

The negative effect of AgNP on leaf litter decomposition was alleviated by artificial light at night (ALAN).

scholarly journals Closing Yield Gaps through Soil Improvement for Maize Production in Coastal Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishi Zhang ◽  
Xilong Jiang ◽  
Yanfang Xue ◽  
Zongxin Li ◽  
Botao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Yield Gaps

As efforts to close crop production yield gaps increase, the need has emerged to identify cost-effective strategies to reduce yield losses through soil improvement. Maize (Zea mays L.) production in coastal saline soil is limited by high salinity and high pH, and a limited number of soil amendment options are available. We performed a field experiment in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the ability of combined flue gas desulfurization gypsum and furfural residue application (CA) to reduce the maize yield gap and improve soil properties. We carried out the same amendment treatments (CA and no amendment as a control) under moderate (electrical conductivity (EC1:1) ≈ 4 dS m−1) and high (EC1:1 ≈ 6 dS m−1) salinity levels. Averaged over all salinity levels and years, maize yields increased from 32.6% of yield potential in the control to 44.2% with the CA treatments. Post-harvest CA treatment increased the calcium (Ca2+) and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents while decreasing the sodium (Na+) content and pH in the upper soil layer. Corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulations in maize were significantly increased, and Na accumulation was decreased in the CA group compared with the control. The economic return associated with CA treatment increased by 215 $ ha−1 at the high salinity level compared with the control, but decreased at the moderate salinity level because of the minor increase in yield. The results of this study provide insight into the reduction of yield gaps by addressing soil constraints.

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