scholarly journals The Placenta of Physcomitrium patens: Transfer Cell Wall Polymers Compared across the Three Bryophyte Groups

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Jason S. Henry ◽  
Karen S. Renzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Transfer Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Following similar studies of cell wall constituents in the placenta of Phaeoceros and Marchantia, we conducted immunogold labeling TEM studies of Physcomitrium patens to determine the composition of cell wall polymers in transfer cells on both sides of the placenta. Sixteen monoclonal antibodies were used to localize cell wall epitopes in the basal walls and wall ingrowths in this moss. In general, placental transfer cell walls of P. patens contained fewer pectins and far fewer arabinogalactan proteins AGPs than those of the hornwort and liverwort. P. patens also lacked the differential labeling that is pronounced between generations in the other bryophytes. In contrast, transfer cell walls on either side of the placenta of P. patens were relatively similar in composition, with slight variation in homogalacturonan HG pectins. Compositional similarities between wall ingrowths and primary cell walls in P. patens suggest that wall ingrowths may simply be extensions of the primary cell wall. Considerable variability in occurrence, abundance, and types of polymers among the three bryophytes and between the two generations suggested that similarity in function and morphology of cell walls does not require a common cell wall composition. We propose that the specific developmental and life history traits of these plants may provide even more important clues in understanding the basis for these differences. This study significantly builds on our knowledge of cell wall composition in bryophytes in general and in transfer cells across plants.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Primary Cell Wall Composition in Arabidopsis

2006 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Mouille ◽  
Hanna Witucka-Wall ◽  
Marie-Pierre Bruyant ◽  
Olivier Loudet ◽  
Sandra Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals The contribution of cell wall remodeling and signaling to lateral organs formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Duman ◽  
Avi Eliyahu ◽  
Mohamad Abu-Abied ◽  
Einat Sadot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Developmental Programs ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Improvement Programs

Lateral organs are formed in plants by post embryonic developmental programs. Leaves, and flowers differentiate from the shoot apical meristem and lateral roots from the primary root pericycle meristem. Adventitious roots are roots formed from non-root lateral meristematic tissues, mostly the cambium, in many cases in response to stress signals. The ability of plants to regenerate adventitious roots is fundamental for selection and breading programs which are based on vegetative propagation of elite clones. Thus, recalcitrant plants, losing their rooting capability, may form a genuine commercial barrier in agricultural and forestry improvement programs. Some cellular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation have been revealed, but much is yet to be clarified. The plant primary cell wall is a dynamic organ that can change its form, and perceive and relay molecular signals inward and outward during certain stages of development in particular cells. Therefore, before the secondary cell wall is deposited and plants become the wood from which walls and furniture are built, and the fibers from which cloths are woven, primary cell walls actively participate in plant cell differentiation and developmental programs. While auxin is a major regulator, cell walls are important in regulating coherent formative cell division and synchronized polar elongation of cell lineages that are necessary for lateral organ induction and formation, and collaborative cell functioning. Nevertheless, little is known of how cell wall changes are molecularly sensed and translated to intracellular signals during differentiation of adventitious roots. Here we summarize recent data linking, directly or indirectly, cell wall events to auxin signaling and to lateral or adventitious root induction and formation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Primary Cell Wall Nanomechanical Properties in Internal Cells of Non-Fixed Maize Roots

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Kozlova ◽  
Anna Petrova ◽  
Boris Ananchenko ◽  
Tatyana Gorshkova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Wall Stiffness

The mechanical properties of cell walls play a vital role in plant development. Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) is widely used for characterization of these properties. However, only surface or isolated plant cells have been used for such investigations, at least as non-embedded samples. Theories that claim a restrictive role of a particular tissue in plant growth cannot be confirmed without direct measurement of the mechanical properties of internal tissue cell walls. Here we report an approach of assessing the nanomechanical properties of primary cell walls in the inner tissues of growing plant organs. The procedure does not include fixation, resin-embedding or drying of plant material. Vibratome-derived longitudinal and transverse sections of maize root were investigated by AFM in a liquid cell to track the changes of cell wall stiffness and elasticity accompanying elongation growth. Apparent Young’s modulus values and stiffness of stele periclinal cell walls in the elongation zone of maize root were lower than in the meristem, i.e., cell walls became more elastic and less resistant to an applied force during their elongation. The trend was confirmed using either a sharp or spherical probe. The availability of such a method may promote our understanding of individual tissue roles in the plant growth processes.

scholarly journals Cell wall polymers in the Phaeoceros placenta reflect developmental and functional differences across generations

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON S. HENRY ◽  
ROBERTO LIGRONE ◽  
KEVIN C. VAUGHN ◽  
RENEE A. LOPEZ ◽  
KAREN S. RENZAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Placental Cell ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Two Generations

The placenta of hornworts is unique among bryophytes in the restriction of transfer cells that are characterized by elaborate wall labyrinths to the gametophyte generation. During development, cells around the periphery of the sporophyte foot elongate, forming smooth-walled haustorial cells that interdigitate with gametophyte cells. Using immunogold labeling with 22 antibodies to diverse cell wall polymers, we examined compositional differences in the developmentally and morphologically distinct cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells and sporophyte haustorial cells in the placenta of Phaeoceros. As detected by Calcofluor White fluorescence, cellulose forms the cell wall scaffolding in cells on both sides of the placenta. Homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectins are abundant in both cell types, and haustorial cells are further enriched in methyl-esterified HGs. The abundance of pectins in placental cell walls is consistent with the postulated roles of these polymers in cell wall porosity and in maintaining an acidic apoplastic pH favorable to solute transport. Xyloglucan hemicellulose, but not mannans or glucuronoxylans, are present in cell walls at the interface between the two generations with a lower density in gametophytic wall ingrowths. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are diverse along the plasmalemma of placental cells and are absent in surrounding cells in both generations. AGPs in placental cell walls may play a role in calcium binding and release associated with signal transduction as has been speculated for these glycoproteins in other plants. Callose is restricted to thin areas in cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells. In contrast to studies of transfer cells in other systems, no reaction to the JIM12 antibody against extensin was observed in Phaeoceros.

Primary cell wall composition of pteridophytes and spermatophytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë A. Popper ◽  
Stephen C. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall

scholarly journals A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 684-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bir Singh ◽  
Utku Avci ◽  
Sarah E. Eichler Inwood ◽  
Mark J. Grimson ◽  
Jeff Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers
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