scholarly journals Variation in Alpine Plant Diversity and Soil Temperatures in Two Mountain Landscapes of South Patagonia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
María Vanessa Lencinas ◽  
Rosina Soler ◽  
Juan Manuel Cellini ◽  
Héctor Bahamonde ◽  
Magalí Pérez Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
South Patagonia

Alpine environments and their temporal changes are rarely studied at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere. We analyzed alpine plants, soil temperatures, and growing-season length in mountains of two landscapes of South Patagonia (46° to 56° SL): three summits (814–1085 m a.s.l) surrounded by foothill grasslands in Santa Cruz province (SC), and four summits (634–864 m a.s.l.) in sub-Antarctic forests of Tierra del Fuego province (TF). Sampling followed the protocolized methodology of the Global Observational Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA). Factors were topography (elevation and cardinal aspect) and time (baseline vs. re-sampling for plants, five annual periods for temperatures), assessed by univariate and multivariate tests. Plant composition reflected the lowland surrounding landscapes, with only 9 mountain species on 52 totals in SC and 3 on 30 in TF. Richness was higher in re-sampling than baseline, being assemblages more influenced by aspect than elevation. Mean annual soil temperature and growing-season length, which varied with topography, were related to the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) but did not show clear warming trends over time. We highlight the importance of long-term studies in mountainous regions of extreme southern latitudes, where factors other than warming (e.g., extreme climate events) explain variations.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change on the Growing Season in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (33) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Christiansen ◽  
Steven L. Markstrom ◽  
Lauren E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Total Length

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of climate change on the vegetative growing season is key to quantifying future hydrologic water budget conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey modeled changes in future growing season length at 14 basins across 11 states. Simulations for each basin were generated using five general circulation models with three emission scenarios as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, watershed model developed to simulate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on watershed response. PRMS was modified to include a growing season calculation in this study. The growing season was examined for trends in the total length (annual), as well as changes in the timing of onset (spring) and the end (fall) of the growing season. The results showed an increase in the annual growing season length in all 14 basins, averaging 27–47 days for the three emission scenarios. The change in the spring and fall growing season onset and end varied across the 14 basins, with larger increases in the total length of the growing season occurring in the mountainous regions and smaller increases occurring in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions. The Clear Creek basin, 1 of the 14 basins in this study, was evaluated to examine the growing season length determined by emission scenario, as compared to a growing season length fixed baseline condition. The Clear Creek basin showed substantial variation in hydrologic responses, including streamflow, as a result of growing season length determined by emission scenario.

scholarly journals Growing‐season length and soil microbes influence the performance of a generalist bunchgrass beyond its current range

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita ◽  
Samuel A. Sartwell ◽  
Steven K. Schmidt ◽  
Katharine N. Suding
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Growing Season Length

scholarly journals Growing Season Length as a Key Factor of Cumulative Net Ecosystem Exchange Over the Pine Forest Ecosystems in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Danielewska ◽  
Marek Urbaniak ◽  
Janusz Olejnik
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Growing Season Length

Abstract The Scots pine is one of the most important species in European and Asian forests. Due to a widespread occurrence of pine forests, their significance in the energy and mass exchange between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is also important, particularly in the context of climate change and greenhouse gases balance. The aim of this work is to present the relationship between the average annual net ecosystem productivity and growing season length, latitude and air temperature (tay) over Europe. Therefore, CO2 flux measurement data from eight European pine dominated forests were used. The observations suggest that there is a correlation between the intensity of CO2 uptake or emission by a forest stand and the above mentioned parameters. Based on the obtained results, all of the selected pine forest stands were CO2 sinks, except a site in northern Finland. The carbon dioxide uptake increased proportionally with the increase of growing season length (9.212 g C m-2 y-1 per day of growing season, R2 = 0.53, p = 0.0399). This dependency showed stronger correlation and higher statistical significance than both relationships between annual net ecosystem productivity and air temperature (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.096) and annual net ecosystem productivity and latitude (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.058). The CO2 emission surpassed assimilation in winter, early spring and late autumn. Moreover, the appearance of late, cold spring and early winter, reduced annual net ecosystem productivity. Therefore, the growing season length can be considered as one of the main factor affecting the annual carbon budget of pine forests.

Strong contribution of autumn phenology to changes in satellite-derived growing season length estimates across Europe (1982-2011)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3457-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Garonna ◽  
Rogier de Jong ◽  
Allard J.W. de Wit ◽  
Caspar A. Mücher ◽  
Bernhard Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Growing Season Length

Growth rate rather than growing season length determines wood biomass in dry environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ren ◽  
Emanuele Ziaco ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Franco Biondi ◽  
Peter Prislan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Growing Season Length
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