scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Dark Ages: Sketching Potential Trade Relationships in Early Medieval Romania through Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Sheep Remains

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Arina Acatrinei ◽  
Ioana Rusu ◽  
Cristina Mircea ◽  
Cezara Zagrean-Tuza ◽  
Emese Gál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Near East ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Early Middle Ages

Southeast Europe has played an important role in shaping the genetic diversity of sheep due to its proximity to the Danubian route of transport from the Near East into Europe, as well as its possible role as a post-domestication migration network and long tradition of sheep breeding. The history of Romania and, in particular, the historical province of Dobruja, located on the shore of the Black Sea, has been influenced by its geographical position at the intersection between the great powers of the Near East and mainland Europe, with the Middle Ages being an especially animated time in terms of trade, migration, and conflict. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial control region of five sheep originating from the Capidava archaeological site (Dobruja, Southeast Romania), radiocarbon dated to the Early Middle Ages (5th–10th century AD), in order to better understand the genetic diversity of local sheep populations and human practices in relation to this particular livestock species. The analyses illustrate high haplotype diversity in local medieval sheep, as well as possible genetic continuity in the region. A higher tendency for North to South interaction, rather than East to West, is apparent, together with a lack of interaction along the Asian route. Continuous interaction between the First Bulgarian Empire, which occupied Dobruja starting with the 7th century AD, and the Byzantine Empire is indicated. These results might suggest expanding trade in Southeast Romania in the Early Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from selected Nigerian rivers: Implications for conservation and aquaculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvanus A. Nwafili ◽  
Tian-Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
High Level

Abstract The genetic diversity and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were evaluated using a 443 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Among the eight populations collected comprising 129 individuals, a total of 89 polymorphic sites defined 57 distinct haplotypes. The mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the eight populations were 0.966±0.006 and 0.0359±0.004, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among the eight populations (FST =0.34; P < 0.01). The present results revealed that C. nigrodigitatus populations had a high level of genetic diversity and distinct population structures. We report the existence of two monophyletic matrilineal lineages with mean genetic distance of 10.5% between them. Non-significant negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs for more than half the populations suggests that the wild populations of C. nigrodigitatus underwent a recent population expansion, although a weak one since the late Pleistocene.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SECURITY WORKS AT MGK-2/6-3 SITE IN 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
SAIBERT V. ◽  
◽  
Grushin S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Animal Bones

The article is devoted to the results of studies of the Maly Gonbinsky Cordon-2/6 complex, located in the Talmenskiy district of the Altai Region in 2019. At the previously recorded destroyed area of the archaeological site, rescue operations were carried out and an excavation was laid at the 48 sq. m. Excavations have investigated two objects - a dwelling and the end of the ditch with a structure above it. The dwelling discovered during the excavations most likely represented a structure deepened into the ground, the structure above the ditch had a sub-square shape in the center of which a trapezoidal ditch was fixed in section. In the course of the work, a ceramic complex was obtained, represented by round-bottomed vessels with a rim bent outward, and also several fragments of indeterminate animal bones and horse teeth were recorded. Based on the material found, the site can be preliminarily attributed to the 2nd half of the 5th - 6th centuries AD. Culturally, the ceramic complex belongs to the Odintsovo culture. Keywords: ancient settlements, emergency excavations, preservation of sites, early Middle Ages

Conclusion to Part II

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Fanny Bessard
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Near East ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Early Islamic

From 700, the early Islamic economy remained strongly aligned with its late antique heritage, which brought a definite rupture between the Near East and Europe. Robin Fleming shows that Britain’s towns fell into total decay after the departure of the Roman legions.1 The prominence of the urban marketplace in the Near East in the early Middle Ages certainly contrasted with Carolingian Europe in that the European systems of exchange mostly took place in the form of weekly rural markets....

scholarly journals Evolución de un sector costero durante la Alta Edad Media en el NW de la Península Ibérica

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Tallón-Armada ◽  
Manuela Costa-Casais ◽  
Teresa Taboada Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Ría De Vigo ◽  
Rosalia De Castro ◽  
Península Ibérica

En el presente trabajo se estudia la evolución de un tramo costero de la Ría de Vigo (NW de la península Ibérica) desde época romana hasta el siglo XVII, prestando particular atención a la Alta Edad Media. Desde el punto de vista arqueológico, la importancia del sector radica en la presencia de una salina de época romana, en uso desde los siglos II BC a III-IV AD, y su abandono para dar paso a la instauración de una iglesia y una necrópolis en la Alta Edad Media (a partir de los siglos IV-V AD). Se muestrearon, con alta resolución, tres secuencias edafo-sedimentarias y se analizaron diversas propiedades físico-químicas (pH, granulometría, contenido en C, N, S, P, Fe, As) y la composición mineralógica, con el fin de determinar la naturaleza de las distintas facies presentes, los procesos implicados y las causas asociadas. Los resultados indican modificaciones en la costa entre finales del periodo romano y comienzos de la Alta Edad Media, con unaevolución del medio desde una dinámica costera, con formaciones de marisma-lagoon costero, a una dinámica eólica, con dunas. Dicho cambio es coincidente con el cese de la explotación romana de sal y el inicio del periodo Frío Altomedieval. Estos resultados son similares a los encontrados en otros puntos de la Ría de Vigo. En los tres sectores comparados (Rosalía de Castro, Toralla y Hospital), a la par que se produce la progradación de las formaciones de marisma y duna, el uso antrópico del sector cambia. Aunque la pauta climática presenta un papel importante en la evolución de este sector, los cambios en la línea de costa que se detectan entre ambos periodos culturales pudo estar determinada también por causas socioecómicas. Evolution of a coastal area during the early Middle Ages in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula - This paper focuses on the evolution of a coastal stretch of the Ria de Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula) during the early Middle Ages, which presents an important archaeological site with a roman salt mine. Salt exploitation in the Roman period ceased around the AD 3rd-5th centuries, and was followed by the establishment of a churcheand a cemetery during the Middle Ages. The properties (pH, grain size, C, N, S, P, Fe and As, and mineralogicalcomposition) of three pedo-sedimentary sequences were analysed in order to identify the different environmental changes that affected this sector. The results suggest signifcant changes occurred in the coast from the late Roman period (AD 3rth-5th centuries) into the early Middle Ages (AD 5th-6th centuries), with an evolution from a marine-continental dynamics, with formation of salt marshes, to a wind dynamics, with dune formations. This change is consistent with the abandonment of the Roman salt exploitation and the beginning of Cold Dark Ages. These results are similar to those found in other areas of the Ría de Vigo. In the three sectors compared (Rosalia de Castro, Toralla and Hospital) land use changed while the progradation of marsh and dune formations occurred. Although climate may have played a major role in the evolution of this sector, the changes in the coastline between the two cultural periods could be also related to socio-economic causes.

scholarly journals Low Genetic Diversity in Turkish Populations of Wels Catfish Silurus glanis L., 1758 (Siluridae, Pisces) Revealed by Mitochondrial Control Region Sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 767-776
Author(s):  
Yusuf Bektas ◽  
Ismail Aksu ◽  
Gokhan Kalayci ◽  
Davut Turan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Mismatch Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Wels catfish Silurus glanis L. 1758 in Turkey using squences of the mitochondrial DNA control region The 887-bp fragment of D-loop was aligned for 112 S. glanis individuals from ten wild populations in Turkey, defined by 29 polymorphic sites comprising 16 haplotypes. The low haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity within each population ranged from 0.000 to 0.378 and from 0.0000 to 0.0045, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among ten populations (FST =0.940; P<0.01). AMOVA revealed that the most of genetic variation was found between Thrace and Anatolia clades (74,07 %). The phylogenetic trees and haplotype network topologies were consistent with the results of AMOVA analysis. The non-significant negative Tajima's D (-0.875 P<0.05) and Fu's Fs (-0.381, P<0.02) values and mismatch distribution for S. glanis populations indicated no evidence for changes in population size. Furthermore, goodness-of-fit of the observed versus the theoretical mismatch distribution tested the sum of squared deviation (SSD; 0.00308, P>0.05), Harpending’s raggedness index (Hri; 0,300, P>0.05) and Ramos-Onsins & Rozas (R2; 0,0771, P>0.05), supporting population neutrality.

scholarly journals Enterramientos Infantiles Altomedievales en La Cabilda, Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid. Early Middle Ages infant burials in La Cabilda, Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid (Spain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosario Gomez Osuna
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Granite Rock

Se presentan tres inhumaciones infantiles documentadas en el yacimiento Altomedieval de La Cabilda, Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, en la campaña de excavaciones del año 2017. Tienen la peculiaridad de localizarse asociadas a una estructura no funeraria, habitacional y de carácter auxiliar. El yacimiento de La Cabilda es un asentamiento aldeano rural situado en el pie de la Sierra de Guadarrama, con cronologías del siglo VII d.C. Cuenta con 23 estructuras de habitación y productivas, y con enterramientos dispersos en sepulturas excavadas en roca granítica, de tipo ovalado, en las proximidades de los edificios. Para la interpretación de las tumbas infantiles aparecidas y del espacio funerario elegido, se realiza un análisis de datos conocidos sobre este tipo singular de enterramientos y se incluyen ejemplos de inhumaciones infantiles de similar cronología de los yacimientos Altomedievales de la Sierra de Guadarrama.Results of the study of three infant burials located in the Early Middle Ages archaeological site of La Cabilda, Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid (Spain), as found during the excavation campaign of 2017. The burials have the peculiarity of being linked to an auxiliar dwelling structure, not associated with funerary purposes.The La Cabilda archaeological site, in Hoyo de Manzanares, corresponds to a farming settlement dated in the 7th century CE and located at the hem of Madrid’s Guadarrama Mountain Range. The site is comprised of 23 farming and housing building structures with additional scattered burials, oval-shaped and excavated in granite rock, located in the vicinity of the buildings.In order to interpret the infant burials and their associated funerary area, we perform an analysis of known data on this type of sepultures, including examples of other, similarly dated, infant burials found in Early Middle Ages archaeological sites in the Guadarrama Mountain Range.

scholarly journals Poliorcética, morfología edilicia y técnicas constructivas en el Tossal de la Vila, un recinto fortificado de época emiral en el extremo septentrional del Šarq al-Andalus

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Negre ◽  
Ferran Falomir ◽  
Marta Pérez-Polo ◽  
Gustau Aguilella
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Subject

Poliorcetics, architectural morphology and construction techniques at Tossal de la Vila, a fortified enclosure from the Emirate period in the northernmost end of Šarq al-AndalusThis work focuses on the first results from the systematic excavation of the Tossal de la Vila (Serra d’en Galceran, Castelló) archaeological site. This is, a hillfort build during the Emirate of al-Andalus in the intersection between the territories of Tortosa, Valencia and the Iberian System mountain ranges. Our case study is framed within the historiographic discussion on the subject of rocky and castellated settlements in this area set forth thirty years ago by André Bazzana. A debate that was largely enriched by several works pending the last years on the subject of hilly occupations between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. In that direction, we analyse here the architectural questions that have been raised by the recent archaeological works at the site. Specifically, we will try to systematise the different defensive solutions adopted on the design of the fort, as well as the diverse construction techniques used along the fortbuilding process.

EARLY MEDIEVAL IRON PRODUCTS SET FROM THE ZARINSKY DISTRICT, ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Tishkin A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Partial Destruction

The Zarinsky District in archaeological terms is one of the least studied territory of the Altai Territory. Systematic surveys were rarely carried out there. However, this region is important for the study of ancient and medieval history, as it is located on the border of Western and Southern Siberia. Recently, information about archaeological finds that were obtained using metal detectors has become frequent. The article examines the situation recorded by the competent authorities associated with the partial destruction of a historical and cultural monument of federal significance and the illegal extraction of iron objects from it. The study of the confiscated artifacts was carried out on the basis of an official request from the Directorate of the FSB of Russia in the Altai Territory. Detailed descriptions of artifacts (bit, adze, two arrowheads) are given, which are supplemented by detailed illustrations. It was concluded that the found set belongs to the period of the early Middle Ages and may be associated with the Srostki culture. Keywords: Altai Territory, Zarinsky District, Starodrachenino, archaeological site, earlier Middle Ages, barrow, bit, adze, arrowhead

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BROILER CHICKEN BRANDS RAISED IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES OF NORTHERN NIGERIA USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
A. Y. Abdullahi ◽  
M. Nasir ◽  
A. G. Khalee ◽  
R. M. Ashiru ◽  
H. M. Zango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Semi Arid

A sector of broiler production is growing very fast to meet the high demand of meat in Nigeria. However, high mortality rates among the broilers especially during the hot dry season in arid and semi-arid zones is worrisome. There is a need for molecular genetics study that could aid in management, conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species. To evaluate the genetic diversity of broilers raised in these regions, a total of forty-six broilers were randomly sampled from eight different brands (Agrited, Amo, Chi, Fol-hope, Obasanjo, Olam, Yammfy and Zatech) for mitochondrial DNA analysis. Four haplotypes were detected among all the samples used that belong to the four strains. The sequences of mitochondrial regions revealed high haplotype diversity (0.78600) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00286).  Lower genetic diversity observed may increase the chances of rapid disease infection and distribution during any disease outbreak. Introduction of new strains of broilers with high genetic diversity is highly recommended. Future study should be conducted on the performance of these strains during the extremely hot temperature period in arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria. This is to provide reliable information for the sake of local broiler farmer’s benefit who invests largely on this sector. The study will also help the geneticists from these brands to develop a strain that could survive and perform excellently under severe climatic conditions of the rural areas of arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA control region diversity in Common Terns Sterna hirundo from Slovenia and Croatia

Acrocephalus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (180-181) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Ida Svetličić ◽  
Jelena Kralj ◽  
Miloš Martinović ◽  
Davorin Tome ◽  
Tilen Basle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Common Tern ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Control Region ◽  
High Level

Abstract63 Common Tern Sterna hirundo samples from Croatia and Slovenia were analysed with respect to their genetic diversity and differentiation. Samples originated from two freshwater populations (areas of the rivers Sava and Drava) and one coastal population (Sečovlje Salina). The molecular marker of choice was 709 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial control region, the fastest-evolving part of the mitochondrial genome. 21 haplotypes with 12 polymorphic sites were identified. Overall haplotype diversity was substantial and estimated at 0.8599, while the overall nucleotide diversity was low and estimated at 0.0025. Diversity indices were highest for the Drava population, followed by the Sava and the lowest for the Sečovlje population. Overall genetic structure was significantly low (Fst=0.0377) and attributed to the differences in haplotype frequencies between the populations. The high level of genetic diversity found in continental populations illustrates the importance of their habitats as reservoirs of genetic diversity and calls for their further protection and management.

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